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INTRODUCTION: To manage the rapid rise of misleading information on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the pandemic, the Breakthrough ACTION project developed a theory-based rumor-tracking system to inform Guyana's COVID-19 communication campaign. METHODS: The rumor-tracking project used the extended parallel processing model (EPPM) to identify and categorize rumors reflecting perceived high versus low vulnerability to COVID-19 and high versus low efficacy of engaging in recommended COVID-19 prevention behaviors. The project designed contextually relevant social and behavior change messages, called "MythBusters," responded to rumor categories with the following objectives: (1) high perceived vulnerability and high efficacy rumors included a call to action; high perceived vulnerability and low efficacy rumors educated about effective and achievable solutions; (3) low perceived vulnerability and high efficacy rumors educated about risk; and (4) low perceived vulnerability and low efficacy rumors educated about risk and effective and achievable solutions. RESULTS: Most rumors emanated from regions 4 and 8 (29%). Over two-thirds of the rumors (71%) recurred. Rumors were typically related to COVID-19 treatment or prevention (40%) and transmission (35%). Most rumors (48%) reflected low perceived vulnerability and low efficacy, 29% reflected high perceived vulnerability and low efficacy, 13% reflected low perceived vulnerability and high efficacy, and 10% reflected high perceived vulnerability and high efficacy. The project rapidly developed 12 MythBusters from June through December 2020 and integrated them into the national COVID-19 communication campaign, disseminated via radio, television, and Facebook. Estimates indicate that they have reached most of the target Guyanese population. DISCUSSION: The EPPM was a particularly useful tool, giving direction to countering myths with appropriate messaging to affect relevant behaviors. The COVID-19 MythBusters provided the Guyanese public with valid and verifiable information and promoted preventive and protective behaviors.
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Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus , Coronavirus , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Comunicação , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Guiana/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
No large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of psychosis have been conducted in Mexico or Latin America to date. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in particular have been found to be highly heritable and genetically influenced. However, understanding of the biological basis of psychosis in Latin American populations is limited as previous genomic studies have almost exclusively relied on participants of Northern European ancestry. With the goal of expanding knowledge on the genomic basis of psychotic disorders within the Mexican population, the National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM), the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and the Broad Institute's Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research launched the Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research of Psychosis in Mexican Populations (NeuroMex) project to collect and analyze case-control psychosis samples from 5 states across Mexico. This article describes the planned sample collection and GWAS protocol for the NeuroMex study. The 4-year study will span from April 2018 to 2022 and aims to recruit 9,208 participants: 4,604 cases and 4,604 controls. Study sites across Mexico were selected to ensure collected samples capture the genomic diversity within the Mexican population. Blood samples and phenotypic data will be collected during the participant interview process and will contribute to the development of a local biobank in Mexico. DNA extraction will be done locally and genetic analysis will take place at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, MA. We will collect extensive phenotypic information using several clinical scales. All study materials including phenotypic instruments utilized are openly available in Spanish and English. The described study represents a long-term collaboration of a number of institutions from across Mexico and the Boston area, including clinical psychiatrists, clinical researchers, computational biologists, and managers at the 3 collaborating institutions. The development of relevant data management, quality assurance, and analysis plans are the primary considerations in this protocol article. Extensive management and analysis processes were developed for both the phenotypic and genetic data collected. Capacity building, partnerships, and training between and among the collaborating institutions are intrinsic components to this study and its long-term success.
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Native American genetic variation remains underrepresented in most catalogs of human genome sequencing data. Previous genotyping efforts have revealed that Mexico's Indigenous population is highly differentiated and substructured, thus potentially harboring higher proportions of private genetic variants of functional and biomedical relevance. Here we have targeted the coding fraction of the genome and characterized its full site frequency spectrum by sequencing 76 exomes from five Indigenous populations across Mexico. Using diffusion approximations, we modeled the demographic history of Indigenous populations from Mexico with northern and southern ethnic groups splitting 7.2 KYA and subsequently diverging locally 6.5 and 5.7 KYA, respectively. Selection scans for positive selection revealed BCL2L13 and KBTBD8 genes as potential candidates for adaptive evolution in Rarámuris and Triquis, respectively. BCL2L13 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and could be related to physical endurance, a well-known phenotype of the northern Mexico Rarámuri. The KBTBD8 gene has been associated with idiopathic short stature and we found it to be highly differentiated in Triqui, a southern Indigenous group from Oaxaca whose height is extremely low compared to other Native populations.
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Adaptação Biológica/genética , Indígena Americano ou Nativo do Alasca/genética , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Exoma , Humanos , México , FilogeografiaRESUMO
La prevención y la asistencia en materia de salud laboral debe considerar la integridad física, psíquicas y social de los trabajadores. La lectura del presente trabajo cuyo objetivo principal es: determinar las influencias que el medio ambiente y las condiciones de trabajo tiene sobre la salud mental del personal de enfermería en los servicios hospitalarios, puede contribuir a través de un proceso de toma de conciencia a prevenir y cuidar la salud de un sector de trabajadores en permanente situación de riesgo: el personal de enfermería.
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Humanos , Saúde , Saúde Mental , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Riscos Ocupacionais/classificação , Riscos Ocupacionais/prevenção & controle , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem/psicologia , Serviço Hospitalar de Enfermagem/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Trabalho , Expectativa de Vida , /efeitos adversos , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Participação da Comunidade , Grupo Associado , Características da População , Alienação Social , Condições Sociais , Mulheres Trabalhadoras/psicologia , Condições de TrabalhoRESUMO
La prevención y la asistencia en materia de salud laboral debe considerar la integridad física, psíquicas y social de los trabajadores. La lectura del presente trabajo cuyo objetivo principal es: determinar las influencias que el medio ambiente y las condiciones de trabajo tiene sobre la salud mental del personal de enfermería en los servicios hospitalarios, puede contribuir a través de un proceso de toma de conciencia a prevenir y cuidar la salud de un sector de trabajadores en permanente situación de riesgo: el personal de enfermería. (AU)