RESUMO

This study explores the psychometric properties of the Cuban version of Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). The sample comprised 376 Cuban participants. Concurrent validity and reliability were examined. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The CAS showed excellent psychometric characteristics. The internal consistency was very good (α = 0.88). There was a positive correlation between the CAS and the FCV-19S and an inverse association between anxiety and self-perceived quality of health. The results confirmed the presence of a single factor. The CAS is a valid and reliable instrument to explore the experience of anxiety in the Cuban population.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The resurgence of COVID-19 could deepen the psychological impacts of the pandemic which poses new challenges for mental health professionals. Among the actions that should be prioritized is the monitoring of the groups that have shown greater psychological vulnerability during the first stage of the pandemic. The first aim of our study is to explore the fear reactions to COVID-19 between genders during the second wave of the outbreak in Cuba. Second, establish possible predictors of fear of COVID-19 in relation to gender. Specifically, we will evaluate how anxiety related to COVID-19, health self-perception, and worry about the resurgence of COVID-19 predict fear reactions among women and men in the Cuban population. A cross-sectional online study was designed. The research was conducted between August 16 and October 18, 2020. A total of 373 people completed the online survey. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale were used. An independent-samples t-test was conducted to compare the fear, worry, anxiety and self-perceived health scores, between genders. The relationship between those variables and fear of COVID-19, was investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Finally, multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the possible associations (predictors) related to fear of COVID-19. In our study, women, compared to men, presented greater fear reactions, greater concern about resurgence of COVID-19 and poorer self-perceived health. Anxiety reactions in our sample showed no differences between genders. In women, anxiety of COVID-19, worry about resurgence of COVID-19, and self-perceived health are associated with fear reactions to COVID-19. In the case of men, the self-perceived health showed no associations with fear reactions. Our results confirm the results of several related investigations during the first wave of the pandemic where women have shown greater psychological vulnerability compared to men. However, we cannot rule out that the real impact of the pandemic on mental health in men is much greater than that described by the studies conducted to date. Additional studies are needed on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on men.

RESUMO

Introducción: El estudio de variables psicológicas asociadas al encarcelamiento, reviste esencial importancia en la actualidad. Se ha reportado la vivencia de estados psicológicos patológicos en individuos dentro de las prisiones. Objetivo: Describir los estados de ansiedad, depresión, bienestar psicológico y el estado de salud mental general de los reclusos en regímenes de prisión provisional y prisión severa. Métodos: Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con un tipo de estudio transversal y descriptivo, mediante el uso de cuestionarios. La población fueron los internos de los regímenes de prisión provisional y severos (grupo de prisión provisional y grupo de severos). Los instrumentos empleados fueron: Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo; Cuestionario de Salud Mental General de Goldberg; Escala de Zung y Conde; e Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad. Los datos se analizaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows: versión 22.0. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y la Prueba T para muestras independientes. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre enero y mayo de 2019. Resultados: Se observó alta percepción del deterioro de la salud mental general. El bienestar subjetivo mostró valores similares en ambos grupos, con mínimas diferencias entre los altos y bajos niveles de bienestar. La mayoría de los participantes mostró niveles de ansiedad moderada. La vivencia de depresión también fue elevada; se observó distimia moderada y grave. Todos los participantes del régimen de prisión provisional, presentaron alguna variante de depresión. Conclusiones: Se encontraron altos niveles de ansiedad, depresión y un alto deterioro de la salud mental general. Se reportaron bajos índices de percepción de bienestar subjetivo(AU)

Introduction: The study of psychological variables associated with incarceration is of essential importance today. The experience of pathological psychological states has been reported in individuals within prisons. Objective: To describe the states of anxiety, depression, psychological well-being and the general state of mental health of inmates in provisional prison and severe prison regimes. Methods: A quantitative approach was used with a type of cross-sectional and descriptive study through surveys. The population was the inmates of the provisional and severe prison regimes. The instruments used were: Subjective Well-being Scale; Goldberg General Mental Health Questionnaire; Zung and Conde scale; and Inventory of Anxiety Situations and Responses. The data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS for Windows: version 22.0. Descriptive statistics and the T-test were used for independent samples. The study was carried out from January to May 2019. Results: A high perception of the deterioration of general mental health was observed. Subjective well-being showed similar values in both sample groups, with minimal differences between high and low levels of well-being. Most of the participants showed moderate anxiety levels. The experience of depression was also high; moderate and severe dysthymia were observed. All the participants of the provisional prison regime presented some variant of depression. Conclusions: High levels of anxiety, depression and a high deterioration of general mental health were found. Low rates of subjective well-being perception were reported(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: The study of aspects related to positive mental health and well-being in the general population with a gender approach is a necessity in the current context imposed by COVID-19. Objective: To explore gender as a predictor of subjective well-being during COVID-19 in a sample of the Cuban population. Design: A cross-sectional web-based survey design was adopted. The sample consisted of 129 Cuban participants. The Subjective Well-being-Reduced Scale (SW-RS) was used to explore subjective well-being in the sample. Descriptive statistics were used to explore the participants' characteristics. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify variables independently associated with the participants' subjective well-being. Results: The gender of participants significantly predicted subjective well-being levels. The probability of males having middle or high levels of subjective well-being, rather than low levels, was 4.16 times greater than in females. The probability of males having a high self-image instead of a low one was 4.35 times greater than in females. According to the self-satisfaction dimension, the odds of males having high rather than low self-satisfaction were five times more than in females. In this sample, gender did not predict whether participants had middle or high levels of the hedonic dimension. Conclusion: Our results corroborated international studies that have indicated the coincidence of lower well-being and greater psychosocial risk in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also indicated the need to dig deeper into the experiences of subjective well-being from a gender perspective, and to strengthen the sufficiency and effectiveness of the actions and guidance that are offered to the population from psychological care services, the media, and public policies.

RESUMO

Resumen: La personalidad resistente constituye un constructo de suma importancia en la protección de la salud, por lo cual es imprescindible la adaptación y validación de instrumentos que permitan evaluarla. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Personalidad Resistente (versión no laboral) en la población cubana. Se efectuó un estudio instrumental que incluyó 400 sujetos residentes en 6 provincias de Cuba. La edad media fue de 48 (±14.7) años; el 54.5 % de la muestra fue del sexo femenino. Se estimaron tres modelos, de ellos el que mostró mejores índices de ajuste fue el trifactorial (control, implicación y reto) con un factor de segundo orden (personalidad resistente) reducido a partir de la eliminación de dos reactivos. Se obtuvieron valores aceptables de confiabilidad tanto global (a=0.83) como en cada dimensión: control y reto (a=0.77) e implicación (a=0.70). La validez concurrente aporta evidencia sobre el valor de las subescalas control y compromiso.

Abstract: The hardiness is a variable of great importance in the protection of health, so the validation and adaptation of instruments to evaluate it are necessary. The objective of the research was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hardiness Questionnaire (non-work version) for a sample of the Cuban population. An instrumental study was carried out based on the quantitative research paradigm. The sample selection was made based on a cluster sampling that included 400 subjects residing in six provinces of the country. The standard age chosen was 48 (±14.7); 54.5 % of the simple was for females. Three models were estimated, the one who showed better scores was the trifactorial one (control, implication and challenge) with a factor of a second order (hardiness) reduced from the elimination of two reactive. Some acceptable figures of reliability were obtained, both global (a=0.83) and as in each dimension: control and challenge (a=0.77) and implication (a=0.70). The recurrent validity brings evidence of the value of the subscales control and commitment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La alfabetización en salud es de vital importancia en etapas vulnerables como la juventud para evitar el padecimiento de enfermedades crónicas. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica en estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de la Villas (UCLV). MÉTODOS: Diseño mixto secuencial con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. Conformaron la muestra 125 estudiantes de Psicología de la UCLV a partir del muestreo intencional - no probabilístico. Se emplearon como instrumentos el Cuestionario de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad renal crónica y la entrevista grupal. RESULTADOS: Se constató que los estudiantes poseen un bajo nivel de conocimiento sobre la enfermedad siendo el primer año quien obtuvo la mayor cantidad de respuestas negativas. CONCLUSIONES: Se reconoce un mayor nivel de conocimiento sobre la Anatomía y funciones del sistema urinario, y por el contrario sobre las Comorbilidades asociadas. La percepción de los estudiantes sobre la ERC se configura en torno a experiencias personales y la modificación del estilo de vida.

INTRODUCTION: Health literacy is of vital importance in vulnerable stages such as youth to avoid suffering from chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of knowledge about chronic kidney disease in Psychology students of the Central University "Marta Abreu" de la Villas (UCLV). METHODS: Sequential mixed design with an exploratory-descriptive scope. The sample consisted of 125 UCLV Psychology students from intentional -non-probability sampling. The knowledge questionnaire on chronic kidney disease and the group interview were used as instruments. RESULTS: It was found that students have a low level of knowledge about the disease, being the first year the one with the highest number of negative responses. CONCLUSIONS: A higher level of knowledge on the Anatomy and functions of the urinary system is recognized, and on the contrary, on the associated Comorbidities. Students' perception of CKD is configured around personal experiences and lifestyle modification.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La adherencia al tratamiento resulta una problemática que incide en los servicios de hemodiálisis y complejiza la calidad de vida de los pacientes. El artículo expone las características del paciente hemodializado y reflexiona sobre las conductas no adhesivas al tratamiento y su impacto sobre el estado de salud. Se discuten resultados de investigaciones realizadas en este contexto, identificándose que la relación médico-paciente, el tipo de tratamiento, los efectos adversos al tratamiento farmacológico que acompañan la terapia dialítica y las características personales del enfermo se establecen como factores con marcada incidencia sobre la conducta no adherente.

Adherence to treatment is a problem that affects hemodialysis services and complicates the quality of life. The article aims to reflect on non-adhesive behaviors to dialysis treatment and its impact on the health status of patients. Results of research carried out in this context are discussed, identifying the doctor-patient relationship, type of treatment, adverse effects to pharmacological treatment that accompany dialysis therapy and personal characteristics of the patient as factors with marked incidence on non-adherent behavior.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: La asistencia y atención de los adultos centenarios exige las funciones del cuidador principal, que, siendo miembro de la familia o no, asume la responsabilidad del cuidado. Esta actividad posee amplias repercusiones para la salud y bienestar de quien asume el rol, en tanto supone una situación de estrés que incrementa el riesgo de padecer dificultades emocionales. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y sobrecarga en cuidadores principales de adultos centenarios. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño no experimental transversal con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. La selección de la muestra fue no probabilística o dirigida y quedó conformada por 30 cuidadores principales de adultos centenarios. Se emplearon como técnicas la entrevista, el Inventario de ansiedad rasgo-estado (IDARE), el Inventario de depresión rasgo-estado (IDERE) y la Escala de Zarit. Resultados: Se identificó en los cuidadores un predominio del género femenino en el ejercicio del rol con un rango de edad entre los 53 a 78 años. Se evidenciaron niveles medios en la ansiedad como rasgo y en la ansiedad como estado, aunque no se determinaron diferencias significativas entre los niveles altos y medios de la ansiedad como estado. Se constataron elevados niveles de depresión como estado en los cuidadores no existiendo diferencias significativas entre los niveles altos, medios y bajos de depresión como rasgo. Para la muestra de estudio no se evidencia sobrecarga en el 86,7 por ciento de los cuidadores principales en relación con el ejercicio del rol. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores principales no se perciben sobrecargados y experimentan niveles medios de ansiedad ante situaciones puntuales y generales. Los niveles de la depresión rasgo no presentan diferencias significativas, mientras que la depresión estado manifiesta niveles altos(AU)

Introduction: The care and attention of centenarian adults requires the functions of a primary caregiver, who, being a member of the family or not, assumes that responsibility. It has wide repercussions on the health and well-being of the one who assumes the caring role as well as supposes a situation of stress that increases the risk of suffering emotional difficulties. Objective: To determine levels of anxiety, depression and overload in primary caregivers of centenarian adults. Methods: A non-experimental cross-sectional design with exploratory-descriptive scope. The selection of the sample was non-probabilistic nor directed, is conformed by 30 main caregivers of centenarian adults. The main techniques applied were interviews, the trait-state anxiety inventory (IDARE), the trait-state depression inventory (IDERE) and Zarit's scale. Results: A predominance of the female gender in the exercise of the role was identified in the caregivers with a range between 53 and 78 years old. It were determined average levels of anxiety as a trait and state, although no significant differences were found between the high and medium levels of anxiety as a state. There were high levels of depression as a condition in the caregivers, but no significant differences between the high, medium and low levels of depression as a trait. In this study sample, the 86.7 percent of caregivers does not presents work overload in relation to the exercise of their role. Conclusions: Primary caregivers are not perceived as overloaded and experience average levels of anxiety in specific and general situations. The levels of the depression trait do not present significant differences whereas the depression state showed high levels(AU)

Assuntos