RESUMO
The principal objective of this study was to evaluate, at 2 years of age, the neurological development of a group of children who had been treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the National Institute of Perinatology of Mexico. All the children born between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1993 who had entered the NICU and stayed for 3 or more days were studied from the neurological, psychological, auditory, linguistic, motor, and neuromuscular standpoint. This group included 134 patients, who had had an average gestational age of 32 weeks and an average birth-weight of 1,677 g. They had stayed in the hospital an average of 51 days, and 75% of them had undergone artificial respiration. In the examination done at age 2, 66.5% of the children were normal and 8.2% had serious impairments. There were statistically significant associations between their neurological condition and the days of artificial respiration (P < 0.0001), the days spent in the NICU (P < 0.000004), and the gestational age in weeks (P < 0.03). There was no association between the children's sex and the results of the assessments. The study results showed a decrease in neural abnormalities in comparison with the results obtained in similar studies 10 years earlier.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , México , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/epidemiologia , Exame NeurológicoRESUMO
Thirty preschool children who survived from a neonatal intensive care unit were studied with pure tone audiometry between 125 to 8000 Hertz. Examinations were performed in a cross-sectional study at 36 to 72 postnatal months of age. Hypoacusis was found in three patients. Risk factors most frequently found in hypoacusic children were hyperbilirubinemia, hypoxia neonatorum and ototoxic exposure. All hypoacusic children had a history of preterm birth, one suffered hypoxia neonatorum, and two hyperbilirubinemia. The patients' group had an average of 2.26 risk factors. These data suggest that perinatal auditory damage occurs in the presence of additional hearing damage risk factors leading to hypoacusis.