RESUMO
Introducción: El desarrollo de la tolerancia inmunológica frente a los autoantígenos se denomina autotolerancia. La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1A (1ADM) es un trastorno metabólico secundario a la destrucción autoinmune de las células beta pancreáticas e insulitis. La miastenia grave (MG) es una enfermedad autoinmune causada por el bloqueo postsináptico de la placa mioneural por AAcs contra los receptores de acetilcolina (ACRA) o contra moléculas de la membrana postsináptica. La asociación entre DM1A y MG se puede observar en el síndrome poliglandular tipo III, caracterizado por enfermedad autoinmune de la glándula tiroides asociada con otras entidades autoinmunes. Método: Reporte de Casos, cuatro pacientes entre 7-19 años, con asociación de MG y DM1A atendidos en el Hospital Garrahan. Conclusión: La Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y la Enfermedad Celíaca son las enfermedades autoinmunes relacionadas más frecuentemente con DM1A en nuestra población. La bibliografía describe la asociación de MG y Tiroiditis de Hashimoto y su coexistencia con DM1A se describe en el Síndrome Poliglandular III. En este trabajo presentamos 4 casos de DM1A asociado con MG fuera de dicho síndrome (AU)
Introduction: The development of immune tolerance to autoantibodies (AAbs) is referred to as self-tolerance. Type 1A Diabetes Mellitus (1ADM) is a metabolic disorder secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and insulitis. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by postsynaptic blockade of the myoneural plate by AAbs against acetylcholine receptors (Acra) or against postsynaptic membrane molecules. The association between 1ADM and MG may be observed in polyglandular syndrome type III, characterized by autoimmune disease of the thyroid associated with other autoimmune conditions. Methods: Case report; four patients between 7-19 years old, with an association of MG and 1ADM seen at the Garrahan Hospital. Conclusion: Hashimoto's thyroiditis and celiac disease are autoimmune diseases most frequently related to 1ADM in our population. In the literature, the association of MG and Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been described and its coexistence with 1ADM is reported in polyglandular syndrome III. In this study we present 4 cases of 1ADM associated with MG unrelated to this syndrome. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Autoimunes , Poliendocrinopatias Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Miastenia Gravis/complicações , Doença Crônica , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) is the main cause of foodborne diseases in the Chilean population. With the aim of characterizing the presence of S. enterica in bodies of water, samples from 40 sources were obtained, including rivers and irrigation canals used by agricultural farms in the most populated regions of Chile. As result, 35 S. enterica isolates belonging to several serotypes were detected, with the highest frequency represented by Typhimurium and Enteritidis. All strains showed phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, and most of them were multiresistant to critically important antimicrobials. In addition, the pulse-field gel electrophoresis analysis using XbaI and BlnI endonucleases showed that seven Salmonella isolates belonging to serotypes Typhimurium, Enteritidis and Infantis had identical pulsotypes to outbreak-associated clinical isolates detected in the Chilean population, suggesting a public health risk of water pollution in this region. Among sampling sites, the higher detection rates were observed in rural than urban and peri-urban areas, suggesting that the animal husbandry might contribute for environmental dispersion of this pathogen. Future efforts should address the characterization of cause-and-effect relationship between water contamination and foodborne disease, including the implementation of surveillance programmes to tackle potential risks for both human and animal populations.
Assuntos
Irrigação Agrícola , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia da Água , Animais , Chile/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Humanos , Salmonella/genética , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
In the current communication we describe an innovative method to purify saxitoxin (STX), a toxin presents in contaminated muscle of Mylitus chilensis extracted in the southern part of Chile, using a liquid chromatographic methodology based on ionic pairs. The STX was extracted using HCl and treated with ammonium sulfate following a treatment with trichloroacetic acid and hexane/diethyl ether (97/3). The samples were analyzed by a semi-preparative HPLC in order to collect pure fractions of STX and these fractions were eluted in solid-phase cationic interchange SCX extraction columns. The purified STX was stable and homogeneous and its identity was confirmed by LC-MS-MS, which demonstrated a high quality purification of STX, without presence of analogs such as neosaxitoxin (Neo) and decarbamoyl saxitoxin (dcSTX). The STX biological activity was analyzed in a bioassay in mice model and compared to the standard STX produced by the FDA and no significant differences were observed.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Mytilus/química , Saxitoxina/isolamento & purificação , Sulfato de Amônio/química , Animais , Chile , Cromatografia Líquida , Ácido Clorídrico/química , Camundongos , Saxitoxina/química , Extração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the clinical characteristics of ocular involvement in patients with pemphigus at an ophthalmological referral center. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on patients with the immunopathological diagnosis of pemphigus examined between 1 January 2000 and 1 April 2010. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), ocular symptoms, and ocular surface inflammatory and scarring changes were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients were identified, with a mean age of 68.27 ± 14.35 years, and 80% (n=12) were female. Extraocular involvement was reported in one patient. All of the eyes showed cicatricial changes in the conjunctiva. In all, 6 eyes (20%) were classified as stage I; 12 eyes (40%) as stage II; 10 eyes (33%) as stage III; and 2 eyes (7%) as stage IV. A statistically significant association was found between BCVA and the severity of ocular involvement. The mean BCVA logMAR was 1.66 (20/914), with a range from logMAR 0 (20/20) to logMAR 4 (NLP). Other ocular diseases were found in 8 (53.3%), systemic diseases in 10 (66.7%), and the use of pemphigus-inducing drugs in 10 patients (66.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The present report represents the largest series of ocular involvement in pemphigus confirmed by immunopathology. The clinical manifestations varied from conjunctival hyperemia to corneal scarring and perforation. There was a strong association between scarring changes and low BCVA. Ocular and systemic diseases as well as the use of pemphigus-inducing drugs may predispose to ocular cicatricial changes observed in this series.
Assuntos
Cicatriz/patologia , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Pênfigo/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Túnica Conjuntiva/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pênfigo/complicações , Pênfigo/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common eye disorders in ophthalmology. In mice models, it has been suggested that control of allergic conjunctivitis is a delicate balance between Tregs and inflammatory migrating effector cells. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of Tregs and the frequency of homing receptors expressing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). The analyses of phenotypic markers on CD4+ T cells and both soluble or intracellular cytokines were performed by flow cytometry. CD4+CD25+ cells were 15 times more frequent in PBMC from patients than HC; the vast majority of these CD4+CD25+ cells were FOXP3-, and most of CD4+ T cells were CCR4+ and CCR9+ cells. Upon allergen-stimulation, no significant changes were observed in frequency of Treg; however, an increased frequency of CD4+CCR4+CCR9+ cells, CD4+CD103+ cells and CD4+CD108+ cells with increased IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 production was observed. These findings suggest an immune dysregulation in PAC, characterized by diminished frequency of Tregs and increased frequency of circulating activated CD4+ T cells; upon allergen-stimulation, these cells were expressing cell-surface molecules related to mucosa homing and were able to trigger an inflammatory microenvironment.
Assuntos
Conjuntivite Alérgica/imunologia , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/imunologia , Adolescente , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Conjuntivite Alérgica/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Fenótipo , Receptores CCR/metabolismo , Receptores CCR4/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Auxiliares-Indutores/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Reguladores/metabolismoRESUMO
AIP is an acute liver disorder caused by a deficiency of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) characterized by neuroabdominal symptoms. It is an autosomal dominant disease. However, homozygous dominant AIP (HD-AIP) have been described. In some cases erythrodontia was observed. CEP is an autosomal recessive disease produced by mutations in the uroporphyrinogen III synthase gene (UROS), characterized by severe cutaneous lesions and erythrodontia. The aim of the work was to establish the differential diagnosis of porphyria in a patient with abdominal pain, neurological attacks, skin symptoms and erythrodontia. The PBGD activity was reduced 50% and the genetic analysis indicated the presence of two genetic variants in the PBGD gene, p.G111R and p.E258G, a new genetic variant, revealing a case of heteroallelic HD-AIP. The patient, first diagnosed as a carrier of a dual porphyria: AIP / CEP based on the excretion profile of porphyrins, precursors and her clinical symptoms, would be an atypical case of human HD-AIP. These results would also suggest the presence of a phenocopy of the CEP, induced by an endogenous or exogenous factor. Our findings highlight the importance of genetic studies for a proper diagnosis of porphyria, prevention of its manifestation and its treatment.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Hidroximetilbilano Sintase/genética , Fígado/patologia , Porfiria Aguda Intermitente/diagnóstico , Porfiria Aguda Intermitente/genética , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Sequência de Bases , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Hidroximetilbilano Sintase/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mutação , Porfiria Aguda Intermitente/sangue , Porfiria Aguda Intermitente/urina , Porfirinas/sangue , Porfirinas/urina , Uroporfirinogênio III Sintetase/genética , Uroporfirinogênio III Sintetase/metabolismoRESUMO
Pterygium is one of the most frequent pathologies in ophthalmology, and is a benign, fibrovascular lesion originating from the bulbar conjunctiva. It is composed of an epithelium and highly vascular, subepithelial, loose connective tissue. The etiology of pterygium is not clearly understood; the most widely recognized originating factor is ultraviolet radiation. It has been proposed that pterygium and neoplasia have common features, raising the possibility that pterygium is a neoplastic-like growth disorder. In this study, proteomic analysis was performed to show that peroxiredoxin 2 is overexpressed in pterygia compared to healthy conjunctivas. Twelve pterygium specimens were obtained together with healthy conjunctival tissue from the same eyes. Total proteins of pterygia and healthy conjunctivas were analyzed in SDS-PAGE. This analysis showed protein bands expressed exclusively in pterygium samples at the range of 20-25 kDa. After this, 2D electrophoresis was performed for the separation of total proteins; differential spots expressed in pterygium were excised and sequenced. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were searched in the NCBInr and EST databases using the MASCOT program. The spot was identified as peroxiredoxin 2. Real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that peroxiredoxin 2 was increased in pterygium compared to healthy conjunctiva. Although, these results suggest that overexpression of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium could protect the cell against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, further studies are required to establish the functional role of peroxiredoxin 2 in pterygium to determine its role in peroxidation and apoptosis in this pathology.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Peroxirredoxinas/metabolismo , Pterígio/enzimologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Western Blotting , Túnica Conjuntiva/enzimologia , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Proteínas do Olho/química , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Focalização Isoelétrica , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Oxirredução , Peroxirredoxinas/química , Peroxirredoxinas/genética , Proteômica , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a 3-year-old patient with Blau syndrome (BS), an early onset sarcoidosis caused by mutations in NOD2, were investigated. Molecular analysis of NOD2 gene was achieved by PCR and direct nucleotide sequencing. Immunophenotyping included cytometric analysis of memory-effector markers on T-cells, and cytokine in serum, aqueous humour and vitreous. A novel M513R mutation in NOD2 was demonstrated. Immunophenotyping revealed higher frequency of CCR4+ cells and CCR9+ cells on CD4+ cells; most CD8+ cells were CCR7- and CCR9+. IL6 and IL-8 were detected in a gradient manner: vitreous humour>aqueous humour>serum. The immunophenotype in this patient was characterized by a differential expression of chemokine receptors on T cells and by a particular ocular microenvironment enriched in IL-6 and IL-8. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing the immunological features of BS at aqueous humour, vitreous and blood levels. Our results expand the knowledge of the genetic and immunopathological basis of BS.
Assuntos
Humor Aquoso/imunologia , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/genética , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/imunologia , Imunofenotipagem , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Mutação/genética , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/genética , Sinovite/genética , Sinovite/imunologia , Uveíte/genética , Uveíte/imunologia , Artrite , Sequência de Bases , Pré-Escolar , Doenças dos Nervos Cranianos/patologia , Citocinas/biossíntese , Citocinas/imunologia , Feminino , Heterozigoto , Humanos , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Fenótipo , Receptores de Quimiocinas/genética , Receptores de Quimiocinas/imunologia , Sarcoidose , Sinovite/patologia , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptores Toll-Like/metabolismo , Uveíte/patologia , Corpo Vítreo/imunologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Several programs of organ and tissues transplantation have been developed for over a decade at the University Hospital. OBJECTIVE: To describe long term complications and survival in the liver transplant program at the University Hospital, UANL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The long term complications and survival were analyzed in the liver transplant program at the University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González in the period between 1991 and 2011. RESULTS: Ninety six liver transplants were performed during this period, four of them received one re-transplant and one patient received 2 retransplants. Most common long term complications were metabolic 62%, bony 31% and infectious 28%. Median survival was 78 months. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant program at the University Hospital UANL has grown, being the most active in the state of Nuevo Leon, with 1-, 5- and 10-years survival of 66.1, 53.3 and 46.2%, respectively.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Lactente , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Several behavior factors had been studied as associated to Alzheimer, but not its prediction power. AIM: To examine whether five behavior variables (psychosocial introversion, coping deficit, apathy, demotivation and perception blockade) could predict the beginning of dementia in mild cognitive impairment initially non dementia cases, after a six-year follow-up period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 197 mild cognitive impairment non dementia cases (mean: 72.6 years) and an equal number age, gender, schooling and familial income matched normal cases (mean: 73.0 years) were selected to participate from an university data base of older than 60 year people initiated at 1994 for epidemiologic multifactorial studies. Behavior variables were recovery by means of a protocol, applied directly or with the help of relative caregivers, and designed under the hypothetical theory of Alzheimer as a conclusion of a progressive psychosocial capsuletion's process. RESULTS: Introversion, coping deficit, apathy and demotivation appear as frequently and progressive but not necessarily simultaneously or unchained factors, but with possibility of reversion or taking a different way. Perception blockade (three identificatory component of senses impairment at least) seems like the irreversible phase in the process, with near 100% of previous detection for the final diagnostic of Alzheimer's cases. CONCLUSION: Perception blockade, in spite of its great fluctuation and individual variations, appears as more objective, easy, non invasive and firmly as reveille and predictor of this dementia, and we suggest that it appears as the immediate cause of the wide reported histopathological disorders by way of a disintegration of neural net owing to the normal reinforcement deficit.
Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Comportamento/fisiologia , Demência/fisiopatologia , Percepção/fisiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Chronic renal failure is commonly related to hyponutrition, affecting approximately on third of patients with advanced renal failure. We carried out a longitudinal study to assess nutritional evolution of 73 patients on a regular hemodialysis program, assessing changes in the anthropometrical parameter body mass index (BMI) and its correspondence to biochemical nutritional parameters such as total protein (TP) levels and serum albumin (Alb). Every three months plasma TP and albumin levels were collected and BMI was calculated by the standard formula: post-dialysis weight in kg/height in m2. For classifying by BMI categories, overweight and low weight were defined according to the WHO Expert Committee. Studied patients had a mean age of 53 years, 43 were male and 30 were female patients. BMI in women was lower than that in men (p < 0.001), as well as TP (p < 0.001) and Alb (p < 0.001) levels. Mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2. Three point two percent of the determinations showed low weight, 12.16% overweight, and 83.97% normal BMI. TP were normal in 90.76% and decreased in 9.24%. Alb was normal in 82.2% and low in 17.78%. After the follow-up time (21.6 months, minimum 18 months, maximum 53 months), the Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a statistically significant change for BMI but it did show a change for the biochemical parameters albumin and total proteins (p < 0.05): nutritional impairment in CRF patients is manifested on biochemical parameters (TP and Alb) with no reflection on anthropometrical data.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal/métodos , Albumina Sérica/análiseRESUMO
We purified a 70 kDa O-glycoprotein that binds to the GalNAc specific lectin from Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALLr) and determined its expression pattern on T lymphocytes from different murine lymphoid organs. High level of ALLr expression was demonstrated in 95-98% of both CD4(+)8(+) and CD4(-)8(+) thymocytes, and in 80-95% of CD8(+) T cells from peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen, whereas a minor fraction of CD4(+)8(-) thymocytes (46-67%) and peripheral CD4(+) T cells (9-40%) showed low ALLr expression. Peripheral CD19(+) B cells were ALLr negative and most of the peripheral ALL(+) T cells showed a CD62L(hi)CD45RB(hi)CD44(lo/-) phenotype, indicating features of naive cells. Mitogenic activation of peripheral T cells increased 3-fold the number of ALL(+)CD4(+) T cells 24 h after stimulation, as opposed to a >80% decrease in CD8(+) T cells 72 h after stimulation. Our results suggest that ALL detects a non-described surface O-glycoprotein selectively expressed by naive CD8(+) T cells and by early activated CD4(+) T cells.
Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Ativação Linfocitária , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/isolamento & purificação , Lectinas de Plantas/metabolismo , Receptores Mitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/química , Animais , Antígenos CD/análise , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/química , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/química , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem da Célula , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Glicosilação , Imunofenotipagem , Masculino , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Peso Molecular , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Receptores Mitogênicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Siálicos/análise , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
This randomized, open-label study evaluated the efficacy of 300 mg metadoxine (given intravenously) added to standard treatment compared with standard treatment alone in managing the physical and psychological signs of acute alcohol intoxication. Fifty-two acutely intoxicated patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups and followed during a 2-h period. Changes in clinical symptoms, degree of intoxication, and blood alcohol level were monitored. More patients receiving metadoxine in addition to standard therapy significantly improved by at least one degree of intoxication (one clinical category) compared with those receiving standard treatment alone (76.9% versus 42.3%, respectively). Metadoxine-treated patients also exhibited a significantly greater decrease in blood alcohol concentration compared with those receiving standard treatment alone (-105.4 +/- 61.5 mg/dl versus -60.1 +/- 38.6 mg/dl, respectively). Metadoxine improved the clinical signs of acute alcohol intoxication and accelerated alcohol clearance from the blood, thus supporting existing data. In contrast to previous data, these effects were concurrent but independent. No adverse effects were observed with metadoxine therapy.
Assuntos
Dissuasores de Álcool/uso terapêutico , Intoxicação Alcoólica/tratamento farmacológico , Piridoxina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Pirrolidonocarboxílico/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/sangue , Intoxicação Alcoólica/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Etanol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Los contactos intradomiciliarios de pacientes con lepra representan una población con riesgo de infección . El uso combinado de pruebas cutáneas y ELISA revela el grado de sensibilización, la capacidad de respuesta inmunológica y casos subclínicos de la enfermedad. Con base en lo anteriormente expuesto y con la finalidad de justificar el uso de estas pruebas, de rutina en otros contactos, se entrevistó el evaluó clínicamente a 211 contactos intradomiciliarios, de 32 casos de lepra registrados. Se colocó a los contactos lepramina intradérmica y se determinó niveles de anticuerpos específicos contra M. leprae (prueba de ELISA con PGL-1). De la población evaluada, 99.88 por ciento presentó reacción de Fernández negativa y 2/3 de ella presentó una reacción de Mitsuda positiva. Sólo 30.85 por ciento constituyó un grupo de riesgo por presentar reacción de Mitsuda negativa. Al correlacionar las pruebas cutáneas con el ELISA se mostró que ninguno presentaba lepra en fase subclínica y que un sólo caso de ELISA débilmente positivo resultó ser una infección pasada autolimitada. No se justifica usar todas las pruebas inmunológicas, en todos los contactos. Se recomienda usar pruebas cutáneas para detectar grupos de riesgo y para orientar quimiprofilaxis, reservado el uso del ELISA sólo para grupos de riesgo demostrado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Hanseníase/patologia , Mycobacterium leprae/patogenicidade , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis/organização & administração , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Visita Domiciliar , Testes Cutâneos/métodosAssuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos , Focalização Isoelétrica , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Hanseníase/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G , Mycobacterium leprae/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is a frequent cause of diarrhea, and is transmitted mainly by SE contaminated eggs or poultry meat. The frequency of SE contaminated eggs or chicken meat and the risk for acquiring this pathogen is unknown in Chile. AIM: To measure SE contamination in eggs poultry meat and entrails offered in retail markets in the Metropolitan Area during two consecutive years (1998-1999). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples were placed in sterile bags and transported to the laboratory before 4 hours at 4 degrees C. Microbiologic detection was done using a standard procedure and an immunodetection assay. RESULTS: SE was found in one of 1081 egg samples (0.09%). The contaminated sample was offered in a supermarket under their own commercial name. Six percent of 1154 poultry meat samples were contaminated by SE and 2.3% by other Salmonella serotypes. Entrails had even higher rates with 10.2% of 370 samples harboring SE and 2.7% other serotypes. Total Salmonella sp. isolates and SE isolates declined during 1999. Nine SE phagotypes were identified, predominating types 4 and 7. CONCLUSIONS: Eggs and other avian products are contaminated by different SE phagotypes and other Salmonella serotypes, implicating a risk for the consumers (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1075-83).
Assuntos
Ovos/microbiologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Produtos Avícolas/microbiologia , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Galinhas , Chile , Humanos , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
The allergic condition is determined genetically and they affect of the general population's 20-30% in developed countries, in the last decade have been increased the prevalence. Inside the imbalance that is manifested in the atopic patients it is on one hand the antigen-presenting cells (monocytes and B cells) and on the other hand, the lymphocytes T CD4+. The association of molecules like CD80, CD 86 (co-stimulatory molecules) in monocytes and B cells and CD30, CD62L, ALL, CD11a, CD28, CD124 and CD152 in CD4+, they have shown to be of particular interest in allergic sufferings. However we don't find a difference statistically significant among patient and controls and among nasal challenges with saline solution with specific allergen. For what we suggest that the changes in the activation, proliferation and cooperation are given in the les ion place, without an apparent repercussion in cells of peripheral blood.
Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Glicoproteínas/imunologia , Rinite Alérgica Perene/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos de Dermatophagoides , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To find out how much information of the Vancouver Norms (VANNOR) are given to prospective authors in the Instructions for Authors (IFA) in a sample of Mexican medical journals (MMJ) published in 1994 and 1995. DESIGN: Prospective, cross sectional, descriptive, observational. MEASUREMENTS: The IFA in the last issue of the MMJ that were published in 1994 and 1995, were reviewed and 121 characteristics in the VANNOR were scored in nine categories (characteristics, presentation, title page, summary and key words, text order and contents, references, tables, illustrations and other instructions). A one point score was given to any characteristic present in order to obtain a score for each category and a total score for each journal. The total scores in the VANNOR affiliated journals (N = 33) versus the non-affiliated ones (N = 27) were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney and exact Fisher test with alpha = 0.05 (two-tailed). RESULTS: A statistically significant higher score was found in the IFA of VANNOR journals in 22 of the 121 characteristics, in six of the nine categories, as well as in the total score. CONCLUSION: VANNOR affiliated journals offer a significantly higher amount of information regarding the IFA than those not affiliated.