RESUMO
Background: Social abilities include interpersonal skills, interaction, and social responsibility. The nature of these abilities has not been explored in young people with Down syndrome (DS) during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The aim of this online study was to describe the social profile of a group of 30 Mexican people with DS, with a chronological age of 15-29 years, and explore the variables related to their psychosocial profiles. A sociodemographic questionnaire, mental age examination, and socialization battery were applied. Social behavior was analyzed in domains that facilitate socialization (leadership, joviality, social sensitivity, respect/self-control), in domains that disrupt socialization (aggressiveness/stubbornness, apathy/withdrawal, anxiety/shyness), and on a global scale. Results: Participants' scores in the facilitative domains were above average, and their scores in the disruptive domains were below average, as expected. Scores on the respect/self-control scale were associated with chronological age (CA), and those on the global scale with mental age (MA). Discussion: No impairments were found in the social skills of young people with DS according to the parameters of the scale. The development of the social profile with CA and MA stimulates cognition and promotes independence, autonomy, and proactivity. Parents' role in regulating children's behavior was an important factor in managing their social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESUMO
Exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) is the transient narrowing of the airways that follows vigorous exercise. Ipratropium bromide may be used to prevent EIB, but its effect varies among individuals. We hypothesized that time of administration of ipratropium interferes with its action. This was a prospective, double-blind, cross-over study carried out to evaluate the bronchoprotective and bronchodilatory effect of ipratropium at different times of day. The study consisted of 4 exercise challenge tests (2 at 7 am and 2 at 6 pm). In the morning, one of the tests was performed after placebo administration and the other one after ipratropium (80 microg) and the two tests (placebo and ipratropium) were repeated in the evening. Twenty-one patients with severe or moderate asthma and previous confirmation of EIB were enrolled in this prospective trial. The bronchodilatory effect of ipratropium was 0.25+/-0.21 L or 13.11+/-10.99% (p=0.001 compared to baseline values) in the morning, and 0.14+/-0.25 L or 7.25+/-11.37% (p>0.05) in the evening. In the morning, EIB was 0.58+/-0.29 L on the placebo day and 0.38+/-0.22 L on the treatment day (p=0.01). In the evening, EIB was 0.62+/-0.28 L on the placebo day and 0.51+/-0.35 L on the treatment day (p>0.05). We suggest that the use of ipratropium for the treatment of asthma and EIB should take into consideration the time of administration.
Assuntos
Asma Induzida por Exercício/tratamento farmacológico , Broncodilatadores/uso terapêutico , Ipratrópio/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Asma Induzida por Exercício/fisiopatologia , Broncodilatadores/farmacologia , Ritmo Circadiano , Estudos Cross-Over , Método Duplo-Cego , Esquema de Medicação , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Humanos , Ipratrópio/farmacologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Testes de Função Respiratória , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the occurrence of erosive arthropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship to anti-CCP antibodies. METHODS: Retrospective medical record review of a case series of five female patients with SLE and erosive arthropathies. RESULTS: The initial disease presentation in all patients was a polyarthritis. Anti-CCP antibodies were detected in 4 out of 5 (80%) patients, 2 of whom had a positive rheumatoid factor. CONCLUSION: Erosive arthritis was strongly associated with the presence of anti-CCP antibodies in these patients with SLE, who presented with polyarthritis. Anti-CCP in patients with SLE may be a marker of a more severe joint disease.