RESUMO
Esta investigación propuso caracterizar la interacción entre diferentes actores de una comunidad educativa, utilizando métodos combinados. Participaron veinticinco docentes y cien niños y niñas de 9 y 12 años. La recolección de la información se realizó a través del Registro de Observación de Comportamientos, el Inventario de Reporte de Hostigamiento de Hirchstein, Edstom y Frey (2007) y Grupos de Discusión. A partir del análisis de frecuencias se identificaron el acoso físico y psicológico entre pares en el aula y fuera de ella, y las prácticas de los docentes frente a esta situación. La información de los Grupos de Discusión, analizada a partir de la propuesta de Strauss y Corbin. (2002), permitió comprender los significados que subyacen a las prácticas en las cuales se evidencia el uso del poder y la autoridad para intimidar y controlar al otro. La percepción de impotencia de los participantes no les permite asumirse como sujetos activos frente a esta realidad.
The objective of this research was to understand the interactions between different actors of an educational community using a multi-method approach. The participants were twenty five teachers and one hundred children whose ages were between nine and twelve. Information was collected by means of the Behavioural Observation Record, the Bullying Report Checklist by Hirchstein, Edstom, Frey, Sneill, & Mackenzie (2007) and Discussion Groups. Frequency analysis were carried out in order to identify the prevalence of physical and psychological school bullying among peers inside and outside the classroom as well as the teachers' reactions when facing this kind of situation. The information obtained through the Discussion Groups was analysed through Strauss & Corbin's (2002) approach. That analysis led to understanding the underlying meaning of practices where the use of power and authority to intimidate and control others are evidenced. The participants' perception of impotence doesn't allow them to assume themselves as active subjects when coping with this reality.
Esta pesquisa propõe caracterizar a interação entre diferentes atores de uma comunidade educacional de aprendizagem, utilizando métodos combinados. Participaram vinte e cinco professores e cem meninos e meninas de 9 a 12 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi feita aplicando o Registro de Observação de Comportamentos, o Inventário de Relatório de Assédio de Hirchstein, Edstom e Frey (2007) e Grupos de discussão. O assédio físico e psicológico entre estudantes na sala de aula e fora dela, e as práticas de professores nessa situação, identificaram-se a partir da análise de freqüências. A informação dos Grupos de discussão, analisada com a proposta de Strauss e Corbin (2002), permitiu-nos compreender os sentidos subjacentes nas práticas em que é evidente o uso do poder e da autoridade para intimidar e controlar o outro. A percepção de impotência dos participantes não lhes permite assumirem-se como sujeitos ativos frente a essa realidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Psicologia Social , Cognição , BullyingRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors associated with myringoplasty failure among the study population, a case-control study was carried out in 2 tertiary hospital centers. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Patients undergoing tympanic membrane perforation or atelectasis within 3 to 6 months following surgery were considered as cases, otherwise, they were considered to be controls. Patients having undergone any type of ossiculoplasty were excluded. Seventy cases and 210 controls were included, a sample size calculated for the following variables: inflammation at time of surgery, place and size of the tympanic membrane perforation, presence of tympanosclerosis, presence of cholesteatoma, and surgical technique. Odds ratio was calculated as main association measure, a stratified analysis was performed to rule out possible confusion factors. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups respect to the variables for which the sample was calculated. Although in total group the addition of a modified radical mastoidectomy showed better operative results (95 % CI OR = 0.13-0.72; P=.002), in isolated tympanic membrane perforation this association it was loosed (95 % CI OR = 0.06-7.44; P=.81). CONCLUSIONS: Results in this study suggest that the variables for which the sample size was calculated are not associated with myringoplasty failure in this population.