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Soil microbial communities represent the largest biodiversity on Earth, holding an important role in promoting plant growth and productivity. However, the knowledge about how soil factors modulate the bacteria community structure and distribution in tropical regions remain poorly understood, mainly in different cowpea producing ecoregions belonging to Northeastern Brazil. This study addressed the bacterial community along three different ecoregions (Mata, Sertão, and Agreste) through the16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that soil factors, such as Al3+, sand, Na+, cation exchange excel, and total organic C, influenced the bacterial community and could be a predictor of the distinct performance of cowpea production. Also, the bacterial community changed between different ecoregions, and some keystone groups related to plant-growth promotion, such as Bradyrhizobium, Bacillales, Rhizobiales, and Solibacillus, were correlated to cowpea yield, so revealing that the soil microbiome has a primordial role in plant productivity. Here, we provide evidence that bacterial groups related to nutrient cycling can help us to increase cowpea efficiency and we suggest that a better microbiome knowledge can contribute to improving the agricultural performance.

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OBJECTIVES: To determine the pH and sucrose concentrations (SC) of pediatric liquid drugs of long-term use by children in order to evaluate the potential risk for dental caries and dental erosion. METHODS: After assessing the pH, we analyzed 71 aqueous medicine samples for sucrose by the Lane-Eynon general volumetric method. The pH and SC values (mean +/- standard deviation (SD) were calculated according to therapeutic action. RESULTS: The highest and the lowest SC values (mean +/- SD) were found in respiratory (37.75% +/- 17.23%) and endocrine drugs (11.97% +/- 15.16%) (p < 0.01). The values for medicines prescribed for daily ingestion were 47.15% +/- 9.57%, whereas for twice daily and three or four times a day, these numbers were 24.42% +/- 18.03% and 34.43% +/- 14.83%, respectively (p < 0.01). The SC (mean +/- SD)) values were higher in syrups (36.32% +/- 17.62%) than in other formulations (p > 0.05). The overall pH (mean +/- SD) was 5.89 +/- 2.02 (range 2.3 +/- 0.01 to 10.6 +/- 0.02). In products with acidic pH, the SC (mean +/- SD) was significantly lower (22.14% +/- 15.72%) than in nonacidic medicines (39.22% +/- 15.82%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the pediatric medicines studied have a high SC and low pH, which vary according to therapeutic class, daily dose, and brand. Caution about dental caries, dental erosion, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus is warranted when these medicines are ingested frequently.

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Objectives: To determine the pH and sucrose concentrations (SC) of pediatric liquid drugs of long-term use by children in order to evaluate the potential risk for dental caries and dental erosion. Methods: After assessing the pH, we analyzed 71 aqueous medicine samples for sucrose by the Lane-Eynon general volumetric method. The pH and SC values (mean ± standard deviation (SD) were calculated according to therapeutic action. Results: The highest and the lowest SC values (mean ± SD) were found in respiratory (37.75 percent ± 17.23 percent) and endocrine drugs (11.97 percent ± 15.16 percent) (p < 0.01). The values for medicines prescribed for daily ingestion were 47.15 percent ± 9.57 percent, whereas for twice daily and three or four times a day, these numbers were 24.42 percent ± 18.03 percent and 34.43 percent ± 14.83 percent, respectively (p < 0.01). The SC (mean ± SD)) values were higher in syrups (36.32 percent ± 17.62 percent) than in other formulations (p > 0.05). The overall pH (mean ± SD) was 5.89 ± 2.02 (range 2.3 ± 0.01 to 10.6 ± 0.02). In products with acidic pH, the SC (mean ± SD) was significantly lower (22.14 percent ± 15.72 percent) than in nonacidic medicines (39.22 percent ± 15.82 percent) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the pediatric medicines studied have a high SC and low pH, which vary according to therapeutic class, daily dose, and brand. Caution about dental caries, dental erosion, and systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus is warranted when these medicines are ingested frequently.

Objetivos: Determinar el pH y las concentraciones de sacarosa de medicamentos pediátricos líquidos de uso oral a largo plazo, para evaluar el riesgo potencial de caries y erosión dental. Métodos: Se analizaron 71 muestras de medicamentos líquidos; después de evaluar el pH, se determinó la sacarosa por el método volumétrico de Lane&Eynon. El pH y los valores de sacarosa (media ± desviación estándar [DE]) se calcularon de acuerdo con la acción terapéutica. Resultados: El valor de sacarosa más alto (media ± DE) se encontró en los medicamentos respiratorios (37,75 por ciento ± 17,23 por ciento) y el más bajo en los endocrinos (11,97 por ciento 15,16 por ciento ±) (p < 0,01). Los medicamentos recetados para ingerir una vez al día tuvieron valores de 47,15 por ciento ± 9,57 por ciento; los que se administran dos veces al día, 24,42 por ciento ± 18,03 por ciento, y los recetados tres o cuatro veces al día, 34,43 por ciento ± 14,83 por ciento (p < 0,01). Los valores de sacarosa fueron mayores en jarabes (36,32 por ciento ± 17,62 por ciento) que en otras formas farmacéuticas (p > 0,05). El pH general fue 5,89 ± 2,02 (recorrido 2,3 ± 0,01 a 10,6 ± 0,02). La sacarosa fue significativamente inferior en los productos con el pH ácido (22,14 por ciento ± 15,72 por ciento) que en los medicamentos no ácidos (39,22 por ciento ± 15,82 por ciento) (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Los medicamentos pediátricos estudiados tienen una concentración de sacarosa alta y un pH bajo, los cuales varían según la clase terapéutica, la dosis diaria y la marca. Cuando estos medicamentos se ingieren con frecuencia, se debe tener cuidado con la caries y la erosión dental, así como con las enfermedades sistémicas como la diabetes mellitus.

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