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JUSTIFICATION: In Mexico, the number of unidentified bodies has been steadily rising for years. By now, more than 50,000 bodies are considered unidentified. Forensic laboratories that could perform comparative molecular genetic investigation are often overburdened and examinations can take months. Therefore, pragmatic approaches that can help to identify more unknown bodies must be sought. The increased use of distinctive physical features might be one, and the high rate of tattooed people in Mexico points towards a great potential of tattoos as a tool for identification. The prerequisite for a comparison of antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) data is an objective description of the particularities, e.g., of the tattoos. The aim of this study was to establish an objective classification for tattoo motives, taking into consideration local preferences. METHODS: In the database of the medicolegal services of the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses (IJCF) in Guadalajara, postmortem data of 1000 tattooed bodies from 2019 were evaluated. According to sex and age, the tattooed body localization and the tattoo motives were categorized. RESULTS: The 1000 tattooed deceased showed tattoos on 2342 body localizations. The motives were grouped and linked to the following 11 keywords (with decreasing frequency): letters/numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, fantasy/demon/comic, tribal/ornament/geometry, other, unrecognizable. CONCLUSION: Using the proposed classification, tattoo motives can be described objectively and classified in a practical way. If used for antemortem (missing persons) and postmortem (unknown bodies) documentation, motives can be searched and compared efficiently-helping to identify unknown bodies.
Assuntos
Tatuagem , Autopsia , Medicina Legal , Humanos , México , MotivaçãoRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: La dependencia al alcohol, considerada como una enfermedad crónica, es un detonante de incertidumbre para el familiar de la persona con dependencia, lo cual genera trastornos emocionales negativos. El apoyo social y la espiritualidad son mecanismos de afrontamiento que podrían disminuir la incertidumbre y favorecer el bienestar tanto físico, como psicológico. Objetivos: Determinar la relación y el efecto del apoyo social y la espiritualidad sobre la incertidumbre del familiar de la persona dependiente del alcohol. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional, muestra de 135 mujeres pertenecientes a grupos Al-Anon, se utilizaron la Escala de Percepción de Incertidumbre en Padres y Miembros de la Familia (PPUS-FM) de Mishel, el cuestionario MOS-SSS de Sherbourne y Stewart y la Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual elaborada por Reed. Resultados: Se identificó un coeficiente de correlación negativo y significativo de la incertidumbre con el apoyo social (r s= -.356, p <.01) y la espiritualidad (r s= -.216, p <.05). Mediante un modelo de regresión lineal general univariado se determinó que únicamente el apoyo social influye en la disminución de la incertidumbre (β= -.280, t= -3.62, p= .001) con un coeficiente de determinación o varianza explicada del 11.5%, mientras que la espiritualidad no mostró efecto (β= -.041, t= .218, p >.05) sobre la incertidumbre. Conclusiones: El apoyo social es identificado como un mecanismo de afrontamiento efectivo que permitirá al personal de enfermería desarrollar intervenciones dirigidas a reducir la incertidumbre en familiares de personas con algún tipo de dependencia.
Abstract Introduction: Alcohol dependency is a chronic illness which generates uncertainty and other emotional problems among the relatives of persons who suffer alcoholism. Social support and spirituality are some coping mechanisms which could reduce uncertainty and favor the physical and psychological wellbeing. Objective: To determine the relationship and the effect of social support and spirituality on the uncertainty experienced by relatives of alcohol dependent persons. Methods: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The sample was constituted by 135 women members of Al-Anon. The Mishel Scale of Perception of Uncertainty among Parents and Family Members (PPUS-FM), the Sherbourne and Stewart Questionnaire, and the Reed Spiritual Perspective Scale were all used. Results: Significant negative correlation coefficients between uncertainty and social support (r s= -.356, p .05). and spirituality (r s= -.216, p .05). were identified. Using a univariate general linear regression model, it was determined that only social supports reduced uncertainty (β= -.280, t= -3.62, p= .001) with 11.5% of variance explained; while spirituality did not produce any effect (β = -.041, t= .218, p >.05). Conclusions: Social support is identified as a coping mechanism which can be used by nursing staff to develop interventions aimed at reducing uncertainty among relatives of alcohol dependent persons.
Resumo Introdução: A dependência do álcool, considerada como uma doença crónica, é um gatilho de incerteza para o familiar da pessoa com dependência, o qual gera transtornos emocionais negativos. O suporte social e a espiritualidade são mecanismos de enfrentamento que poderiam diminuir a incerteza e favorecer o bem-estar tanto físico, quanto psicológico. Objetivos: Determinar a relação e o efeito do suporte social e a espiritualidade sobre a incerteza do familiar da pessoa dependente de álcool. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e correlacional, amostra de 135 mulheres pertencentes aos grupos Al-Anon, utilizaram-se a Escala de Percepção de Incerteza em Pais e Membros da Família (PPUS-FM) de Mishel, o questionário MOS-SSS de Sherbourne e Stewart e a Escala de Perspectiva Espiritual elaborada por Reed. Resultados: Identificou-se um coeficiente de correlação negativo e significativo da incerteza com o apoio social (r s= -.356, p <.01) e a espiritualidade (r s= -.216, p <.05). Mediante um modelo de regressão linear geral univariado determinou-se que unicamente o apoio social influencia a diminuição da incerteza (β= -.280, t= -3.62, p= .001) com um coeficiente de determinação ou variância explicada do 11.5%, enquanto a espiritualidade não mostrou efeito (β= -.041, t= .218, p >.05) sobre a incerteza. Conclusões: O suporte social é identificado como um mecanismo de enfrentamento eficaz que permitirá ao pessoal de enfermagem desenvolver intervenções dirigidas a reduzir a incerteza em familiares de pessoas com algum tipo de dependência.
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In food industry, roselle beverages and their subproducts could be functional ingredients since they are an excellent source of bioactive compounds with improved performance due to their important anthocyanins content. The aim of this study was to analyze anthocyanin content and antioxidant properties of aqueous infusions elaborated with color contrasting Hibiscus materials and design a mathematical model in order to predict color-composition relationship. Color measurements of beverages from roselle (Negra, Sudan and Rosa) were made by transmission spectrophotometry, anthocyanins quantification was determined by HPLC, and antioxidant potential was evaluated by in vitro methods (ABTS and FRAP assays). Beverages prepared with particle size minor of 250 µm presented until 4- and 2- times more anthocyanins content and antioxidant capacity respectively, in comparison to beverages prepared with powders with particle size major of 750 µm. Positive correlations among pigments composition and color parameters were found (p < 0.05), showing that anthocyanins content, antioxidant capacity, C*ab and hab values increased in relation with the smallest particle size of flours. Also, mathematical models were stablished to predict anthocyanin content (r ≥ 0.97) and antioxidant capacity (r ≥ 0.89) from color data; we propose equations for quick estimation of the antioxidant capacity in the Hibiscus beverages with high anthocyanin content. The obtained models could be an important tool to be used in food industry for pigment characterization or functional compounds with potential health benefits.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/análise , Antioxidantes/análise , Bebidas/análise , Hibiscus/química , Modelos Teóricos , Cor , Colorimetria , Pigmentos Biológicos , EspectrofotometriaRESUMO
Anthocyanins are a group of water-soluble pigments that provide red, purple or blue color to the leaves, flowers, and fruits. In addition, benefits have been attributed to hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This study compared the content of total anthocyanins and volatile compounds in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four varieties of Mexican roselle, with different levels of pigmentation. The multivariable analysis of categorical data demonstrated that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of both anthocyanins and volatile compounds. The concentration of anthocyanin in pigmented varieties ranged from 17.3 to 32.2 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside/g dry weight, while volatile compounds analysis showed that geraniol was the main compound in extracts from the four varieties. The principal component analysis (PCA) allowed description of results with 77.38% of variance establishing a clear grouping for each variety in addition to similarities among some of these varieties. These results were validated by the confusion matrix obtained in the classification by the factorial discriminate analysis (FDA); it can be useful for roselle varieties classification. Small differences in anthocyanin and volatile compounds content could be detected, and it may be of interest for the food industry in order to classify a new individual into one of several groups using different variables at once.
Assuntos
Antocianinas/análise , Hibiscus/química , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Etanol , México , Extratos Vegetais/química , Especificidade da Espécie , Terpenos/análise , ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Rheumatic diseases are prevalent conditions around the world, but precise information is not easily obtainable in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in the community in Cuba using the ILAR/COPCORD core questionnaire and published methodologies. METHODS: The ILAR/COPCORD core questionnaire was administered in the form of a home survey to 300 adult subjects. Cases, defined as those with present pain and no trauma, underwent a physical examination and selected laboratory or X ray evaluations. RESULTS: The questionnaire was filled out in a mean time of 8 minutes. Ninety-one subjects had present musculoskeletal pain not related to trauma and 83 had had pain in the past. The most frequently affected regions were the lower back (14%); cervical spine (14%); knee (11.5%) and shoulders (10%). Osteoarthritis was the most common diagnosis (19.6%). A total of 166 subjects sought professional help; 56 were treated by a rheumatologist. Most subjects were satisfied with the results of their medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal symptoms were prevalent in this community. A larger study will be necessary to obtain a better estimate of diagnoses with a low prevalence.