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The title mol-ecule, C12H15NO5, is a methyl carbamate derivative obtained by reacting (R)-2-phenyl-glycinol and methyl chloro-formate, with calcium hydroxide as heterogeneous catalyst. Supra-molecular chains are formed in the [100] direction, based on N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the amide and carboxyl-ate groups. These chains weakly inter-act in the crystal, and the phenyl rings do not display significant π-π inter-actions.

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Future climate change scenarios project that the increase in surface temperatures will affect ocean temperatures, inducing shifts in marine biodiversity. Sea turtles are species that are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change because temperature is a factor that influences embryonic development. We collected clutches of olive ridley turtles from a mass-nesting beach in the Mexican Pacific, which were incubated in ex situ conditions. When the hatchlings emerged, we measured the body condition index-which evaluates the weight-length relationship-and swim thrust, both were considered traits associated with fitness, termed "fitness proxies," and evaluated the effects of incubation temperature, maternal effects, and paternity on these fitness proxies. The body condition index was correlated positively and significantly with the arribada month and temperature during the last third of the incubation period but showed an inverse relationship with the maternal effect. While swim thrust was positively correlated with the maternal effect and the arribada month, there was an inverse relationship with incubation temperature during the first third of the period. Paternity, whether single or multiple, did not have a significant effect on either fitness proxies; however, it may have effects on the average fitness of a population of hatchlings. These results underscore the need to expand research on the sublethal effects of high incubation temperatures on the adaptation and survival of sea turtles, particularly in scenarios of rapid climate change.

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Clinopodium mexicanum (CM) has been used by the population as a home remedy for inducing sleep, and as a sedative and analgesic. This study presents the first evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the essential oil (EO) obtained through hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of CM. NaCl, CaCl2, and Tween 20 were used as additives and the yield, chemical composition, and toxicity of the EO were evaluated. The findings revealed that the highest yield of EO was obtained through hydrodistillation without additives, and the additives significantly influenced the antioxidant activity of the EO. The main components of the EO were found to be pulegone and menthone. The toxicity of the EO was determined using the brine shrimp assay, with an LD50 of 32 mg/L. Based on these results, the authors suggest that the Clinopodium mexicanum EO has the potential to serve as a natural antioxidant.

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Limbic surgery is one of the most attractive and retaken fields of functional neurosurgery in the last two decades. Psychiatric surgery emerged from the incipient work of Moniz and Lima lesioning the prefrontal cortex in agitated patients. Since the onset of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery with Spiegel and Wycis, the treatment of mental diseases gave attention to refractory illnesses mainly with the use of thalamotomies. Neurosis and some psychotic symptoms were treated by them. Several indications when lesioning the brain were included: obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and aggressiveness among others with a diversity of targets. The indiscriminately use of anatomical sites without enough scientific evidence, and uncertainly defined criteria for selecting patients merged with a deficiency in ethical aspects, brought a lack of procedures for a long time: only select clinics allowed this surgery around the world from 1950 to the 1990s. In 1999, Nuttin et al. began a new chapter in limbic surgery with the use of Deep Brain Stimulation, based on the experience of pain, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. The efforts were focused on different targets to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Nevertheless, other diseases were added to use neuromodulation. The goal of this article is to show the new opportunities to treat neuropsychiatric diseases.

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Abstract Introduction Interventions based on cognitive dissonance theory are the most effective for preventing eating disorders. Objective To identify the changes at one year follow-up of a universal prevention intervention in disordered eating behaviors (DEB), thin-ideal internalization (TII), and drive for muscularity (DM). Method A pre-experimental, pretest-posttest study was conducted on 602 university student subjects (76.1% women and 23.9% men) with an average age of 20.74 years at a public (30.6%) and a private university (69.4%) in Mexico City. A Split Plot ANOVA was performed with the intrasubject variable equal to each measurement (pretest, posttest, and follow-up), as well as the sex and body mass index (BMI) intersubject variables to analyze whether there was a significant interaction between these variables and the changes in dependent variables, as well as the changes through each measurement by group. Results In the intrasubject analyses, statistically significant differences were found for DEB through the various measurements, without taking the interactions into account. Statistically significant interactions were observed between each measurement and BMI, and between each measurement and sex and BMI for the DM variable. Discussion and conclusion Since a reduction of TII in women and DM in men was achieved, together with a decrease in DEB in women, the workshop can be said to have fully achieved its objectives for women and partly so for men.

Resumen Introducción Las intervenciones basadas en la teoría de la disonancia cognoscitiva son las más efectivas para la prevención de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Objetivo Conocer los cambios a un año de seguimiento de una intervención de prevención universal en las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización del ideal estético de la delgadez (IED) y la motivación por la musculatura (MM). Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio pre-experimental pretest-postest en 602 (76.1% mujeres y 23.9% hombres) sujetos estudiantes universitarios con una edad promedio de 20.74 años en una universidad pública (30.6%) y una privada (69.4%) de la Ciudad de México. Se realizó un ANOVA split plot con la variable intrasujetos igual a cada medición (pretest, postest y seguimiento) así como el sexo y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) variables intersujetos, para analizar si existía una interacción significativa entre dichas variables y los cambios sobre las variables dependientes, así como los cambios a través de cada medición por grupo. Resultados en los análisis intrasujetos se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las CAR a través de las distintas mediciones, sin tomar en cuenta las interacciones. Se observaron interacciones estadísticamente significativas entre cada medición y el IMC, y entre cada medición con el sexo y el IMC para la variable MM. Discusión y conclusión Se logró la reducción de la IED en las mujeres y de la MM en los hombres, así como la disminución de las CAR en las mujeres por lo que se considera que el taller logra sus objetivos para las mujeres y parcialmente para los varones.

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Mesoamerica is culturally rich in diverse aspects, such as nature, sociology, and archeology. Several neurosurgical techniques were described during the Pre-Hispanic era. In Mexico, various cultures, such as the Aztec, Mixtec, Zapotec, Mayan, Tlatilcan, and Tarahumara, developed surgical procedures using different tools to perform cranial and probably brain interventions. Trepanations, trephines, and craniectomies are different concepts utilized to describe skull operations, which were conducted to treat traumatic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric diseases, and as a prominent form of ritual practice. More than 40 skulls have been rescued and studied in this region. In addition to written medical sources, archeological vestiges allow a more profound comprehension of Pre-Columbian brain surgery. The purpose of this study is to present the existing evidence of cranial surgery in Pre-Hispanic Mexican civilizations and their worldwide counterparts, procedures that have contributed to the global neurosurgical armamentarium, and have significantly impacted the medical practice's evolution.

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With the rise of social networks and the introduction of data protection laws, companies are training machine learning models using data generated locally by their users or customers in various types of devices. The data may include sensitive information such as family information, medical records, personal habits, or financial records that, if leaked, can generate problems. For this reason, this paper aims to introduce a protocol for training Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks via combining federated learning and homomorphic encryption, where the data are distributed in multiple clients, and the data privacy is preserved. This proposal was validated by running several simulations using a dataset for a multi-class classification problem, different MLP neural network architectures, and different numbers of participating clients. The results are shown for several metrics in the local and federated settings, and a comparative analysis is carried out. Additionally, the privacy guarantees of the proposal are formally analyzed under a set of defined assumptions, and the added value of the proposed protocol is identified compared with previous works in the same area of knowledge.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to identify disordered eating behaviors (DEB) in college men (hereafter, DEBM-Q). METHODS: A two-stage project consisting of a diagnostic scale construction (n1 = 9 for interviews, n2 = 9 for cognitive laboratory) and a validation study with a cross-sectional sample (N = 570) was carried out. Both semi-structured interviews and a cognitive laboratory with nine participants were conducted to obtain DEBM-Q items. DEBM-Q was applied to 570 freshmen male in Mexico City. Psychometric characteristics and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) were analyzed. An item-total correlation value greater than 0.30 was determined, and factor loads greater than 0.40 were considered valid. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA, n1 = 297) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n2 = 273) were performed. RESULTS: Two fixed factors explaining 55.08% of the total variance were extracted. Factor 1, "Drive for Thinness" (8 items), explained 30.84% of the variance, whereas factor 2, "Drive for Muscularity" (8 items), explained 24.23% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.84. DEBM-Q was correlated with the Dutch Food Restriction Scale (RS) (r = 0.52, p < 0.001), Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), Emotional Eating Scale (EES) (r = 0.18, p < 0.001), and Negative Affect Subscale (PANAS-X) (r = 0.11, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: DEBM-Q is a valid and practical short screening tool (16 items) allowing early identification of disordered eating in young men, thereby facilitating clinical management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V: Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

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SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that obesity is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, admission to critical care units, and the development of serious complications from COVID-19. This review analyzes the available epidemiological evidence that relates obesity to a higher risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19, examining the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that explain this phenomenon on a cellular and molecular level.

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The aim of this study was to determine color change after accelerated artificial ageing (AAA) of different composite cements that are used with veneers. Five cylindrical test specimens, 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were made from a single layer of each of the following: RelyX Veneer 3M ESPE (RX), Paracore White Coltene (PC), Solocem White Opaque Coltene (SO), Resin Duo Cement Densell (DC), Panavia V5 Paste Kuraray Noritake (PA) and Panavia F2.0 Kuraray Noritake (PF) (30 specimens altogether). The specimens were light cured following manufacturers' instructions using a Coltolux LED (Coltene) unit. Initial color was determined using an Easyshade - Vita Zahnfabrik Spectrophotometer. Then, the specimens were subjected to AAA for two weeks (336 hours) with cycles of 4 hours of UV light at 60 °C and 4 hours of vapor condensation at 50 °C, successively, after which color was recorded again. Color change was determined for each specimen according to the differenceinshadeon the Vita scale before and after AAA. Results were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 8.40 (1.52); PC 8.60 (3.13); SO 6.40 (3.51); DC 10.00 (0.00); PA 7.60 (3.29); PF 2.00 (0.00). The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant difference for material (p<0.05), and comparison of means showed difference between Panavia F2.0 and the other materials. A table providing equivalence between the Vita Classic and CIELAB scales was used to transfer the recorded colors to the CIELAB scale, and the color difference ΔE was calculated for each group, where ΔL, Δa and Δb are the differences in the L, a and b values before and after the AAA. The mean and standard deviation were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 14.94 (2.02); PC 14.51 (4.02); SO 12.08 (4.53); DC 16.31 (0.00); PA 10.9 (3.38); PF 7.24 (0.00). The ANOVA test showed significantdifferenceformaterial (p<0.05). Tukey's test showed two groups (PF-DC, RX, PA). Under the experimental conditions of this study, it can be concluded that accelerated ageing significantly affects the color stability of the resin based cements tested.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el cambio de coloración de distintos medios de fijación a base de resinas con indicación para carillas estéticas luego de someterse al envejecimiento artificial acelerado (AAA). Se confeccionaron 30 probetas cilíndricas de 15 mm de diámetro y 2 mm de espesor con RelyX Veneer 3M ESPE (RX), Paracore White Coltene (PC), Solocem White Opaque Coltene (SO), Resin Duo Cement Densell (DC), Panavia V5 Paste Kuraray Noritake (PA) y Panavia F2.0 Kuraray Noritake (PF) de una sola capa de material. Se polimerizaron según las indicaciones del fabricante con unidad de curado Coltolux LED (Coltene). Cada grupo quedó conformado con 5 probetas de cada material. Se tomó el color con el espectrofotómetro Easyshade de Vita Zahnfabrik. A continuación, se sometieron a AAA por dos semanas (336 horas) con ciclos de 4 horas de radiaciones ultravioletas a 60°C Y 4 horas de condensación de vapor de agua a 50°C sucesivamente. Unavezterminado esteproceso se volvió a registrar el color. El cambio de color se evaluó dentro de la escala de color, ordenada en función del valor. El dato registrado fue la diferencia en la posición inicial y final en esta escala. Los resultados obtenidos para cada grupo fueron analizados por medio de la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Los valores de media y desvío estándar de cada grupo fueron: RX 8,40 (1,52); PC 8,60 (3,13); SO 6,40 (3,51); DC 10,00 (0,00); PA 7,60 (3,29); PF 2,00 (0,00). El análisis con la prueba de Kruskal Wallis mostró diferencia significativa para el factor material (p<0.05) y la comparación de medias mostró diferencia entre PF y el resto de los materiales. Por otra parte, con una tabla de equivalencia entre los colores en escala de Vita Classic y CIE Lab, se hicieron el pasaje de los valores registrados a la escala de CIE Lab y se calculó la diferencia de color ΔE de cada grupo antes y después del AAA. La media y el desvío estándarfueronanalizadosestadísticamente por el test de ANOVA y prueba de Tukey. Los valores de media y desvío estándar de cada grupo fueron: RX 14,94 (2,02); PC 14,51 (4,02); SO 12,08 (4,53); DC 16,31 (0,00); PA 10,9 (3,38); PF 7,24 (0,00). En la evaluación de los resultados con ANOVA se encontró diferencia significativa entre los materiales evaluados (p<0,05). La comparación de medias con prueba de Tukey mostró la presencia de dos grupos (PF-DC, RX, PA). En las condiciones experimentales de este trabajo puede concluirse que el envejecimiento acelerado afecta significativamente la estabilidad de color de los cementos utilizados en este trabajo.

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Abstract The advent of the erector spinae plane block brought a new therapeutic option in a multimodal analgesia strategy, as evidenced in this case, which describes a five-year old pre-school patient who presented with severe abdominal cancer pain, secondary to an abdominal neuroblastoma, with partial high-dose opioid response, undergoing bilateral erector spinal plane block. The technique used did not give rise to complications and proved to be effective in blocking pain and reducing the opioid dosage 36 hours after the procedure. The paper discusses the variables involved in the administration mode (continuous infusion vs. bolus) and the benefit for optimal analgesia in the pediatric oncology setting.

Resumen Con la aparición del bloqueo del plano erector espinal surgen nuevas alternativas terapéuticas dentro de una estrategia de analgesia multimodal, tal como se puede apreciar en este caso, en el cual se describe un paciente preescolar de cinco años, quien cursó con dolor abdominal oncológico intenso secundario a neuroblastoma abdominal con respuesta parcial a opioides en dosis altas y en el que se empleó el bloqueo mencionado aplicado bilateralmente. La técnica empleada no generó complicaciones y demostró ser efectiva al permitir el control del dolor y la disminución de las dosis de opioides en las 36 horas posteriores a su colocación. Se plantea la discusión de variables con relación a la forma de administración (infusión continua vs. bolo) y la utilidad en la optimización analgésica en el contexto oncológico pediátrico.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine color change after accelerated artificial ageing (AAA) of different composite cements that are used with veneers. Five cylindrical test specimens, 15 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were made from a single layer of each of the following: RelyX Veneer 3M ESPE (RX), Paracore White Coltene (PC), Solocem White Opaque Coltene (SO), Resin Duo Cement Densell (DC), Panavia V5 Paste Kuraray Noritake (PA) and Panavia F2.0 Kuraray Noritake (PF) (30 specimens altogether). The specimens were light cured following manufacturers' instructions using a Coltolux LED (Coltene) unit. Initial color was determined using an Easyshade - Vita Zahnfabrik Spectrophotometer. Then, the specimens were subjected to AAA for two weeks (336 hours) with cycles of 4 hours of UV light at 60 °C and 4 hours of vapor condensation at 50 °C, successively, after which color was recorded again. Color change was determined for each specimen according to the difference in shade on the Vita scale before and after AAA. Results were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 8.40 (1.52); PC 8.60 (3.13); SO 6.40 (3.51); DC 10.00 (0.00); PA 7.60 (3.29); PF 2.00 (0.00). The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant difference for material (p<0.05), and comparison of means showed difference between Panavia F2.0 and the other materials. A table providing equivalence between the Vita Classic and CIELAB scales was used to transfer the recorded colors to the CIELAB scale, and the color difference ΔE was calculated for each group, where ΔL, Δa and Δb are the differences in the L, a and b values before and after the AAA. The mean and standard deviation were analyzed statistically by the ANOVA test and Tukey's test. Mean and standard deviation for each group were: RX 14.94 (2.02); PC 14.51 (4.02); SO 12.08 (4.53); DC 16.31 (0.00); PA 10.9 (3.38); PF 7.24 (0.00). The ANOVA test showed significant difference for material (p<0.05). Tukey's test showed two groups (PF-DC, RX, PA). Under the experimental conditions of this study, it can be concluded that accelerated ageing significantly affects the color stability of the resin based cements tested.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el cambio de coloración de distintos medios de fijación a base de resinas con indicación para carillas estéticas luego de someterse al envejecimiento artificial acelerado (AAA). Se confeccionaron 30 probetas cilíndricas de 15 mm de diámetro y 2 mm de espesor con RelyX Veneer 3M ESPE (RX), Paracore White Coltene (PC), Solocem White Opaque Coltene (SO), Resin Duo Cement Densell (DC), Panavia V5 Paste Kuraray Noritake (PA) y Panavia F2.0 Kuraray Noritake (PF) de una sola capa de material. Se polimerizaron según las indicaciones del fabricante con unidad de curado Coltolux LED (Coltene). Cada grupo quedó conformado con 5 probetas de cada material. Se tomó el color con el espectrofotómetro Easyshade de Vita Zahnfabrik. A continuación, se sometieron a AAA por dos semanas (336 horas) con ciclos de 4 horas de radiaciones ultravioletas a 60°C Y 4 horas de condensación de vapor de agua a 50°C sucesivamente. Una vez terminado este proceso se volvió a registrar el color. El cambio de color se evaluó dentro de la escala de color, ordenada en función del valor. El dato registrado fue la diferencia en la posición inicial y final en esta escala. Los resultados obtenidos para cada grupo fueron analizados por medio de la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Los valores de media y desvío estándar de cada grupo fueron: RX 8,40 (1,52); PC 8,60 (3,13); SO 6,40 (3,51); DC 10,00 (0,00); PA 7,60 (3,29); PF 2,00 (0,00). El análisis con la prueba de Kruskal Wallis mostró diferencia significativa para el factor material (p<0.05) y la comparación de medias mostró diferencia entre PF y el resto de los materiales. Por otra parte, con una tabla de equivalencia entre los colores en escala de Vita Classic y CIE Lab, se hicieron el pasaje de los valores registrados a la escala de CIE Lab y se calculó la diferencia de color ΔE de cada grupo antes y después del AAA. La media y el desvío estándar fueron analizados estadísticamente por el test de ANOVA y prueba de Tukey. Los valores de media y desvío estándar de cada grupo fueron: RX 14,94 (2,02); PC 14,51 (4,02); SO 12,08 (4,53); DC 16,31 (0,00); PA 10,9 (3,38); PF 7,24 (0,00). En la evaluación de los resultados con ANOVA se encontró diferencia significativa entre los materiales evaluados (p<0,05). La comparación de medias con prueba de Tukey mostró la presencia de dos grupos (PF-DC, RX, PA). En las condiciones experimentales de este trabajo puede concluirse que el envejecimiento acelerado afecta significativamente la estabilidad de color de los cementos utilizados en este trabajo.

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Background: ¿In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of the respiratory disease called COVID-19, in Wuhan, China. At the end of February 2020, it was detected in Mexico the first case of COVID-19. With this disease, chronic degenerative diseases are decisive for comorbidity to continue increasing. Objective: To know the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidity in workers sick with COVID-19 from the Veracruz Norte Regional Deconcentrated Administrative Operation Body, from the Mexican Institute for Social Security (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS). Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 228 COVID-19 patients, who were IMSS workers. Variables such as age, gender, as well as medical unit, contractual category, comorbidities, etc., were analyzed and were taken from April to June 2020 from the Online Notification System for Epidemiological Surveillance (SINOLAVE) database. It was used descriptive statistics, and Pearson's chi-squared, with a p < 0.05. Results: 228 patients were analyzed. The nursing staff was the one with the highest prevalence with 101 patients (44.3%). Comorbidities such as obesity in the foreground, with 27 patients (11.8%), and diabetes mellitus alone with 15 patients (6.6%), and as a group, along with arterial hypertension, obesity and being a chronic smoker in 22 patients (9.6%) were the most frequent. Conclusions: The nursing staff predominated; the prevalent comorbidities were obesity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

Introducción: en diciembre de 2019, el coronavirus 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) provocó un brote en Wuhan, China, de la enfermedad respiratoria denominada COVID-19. A finales de febrero de 2020 se detectó en México el primer caso de COVID-19. Con esta enfermedad, las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas son determinantes para que la comorbilidad continúe en aumento. Objetivo: conocer las características epidemiológicas y la comorbilidad en trabajadores enfermos de COVID-19 del Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Estatal Veracruz Norte, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal que incluyó a 228 pacientes de COVID-19, trabajadores del IMSS. Se analizaron variables como edad, género, así como unidad médica, categoría contractual, comorbilidades, etcétera, las cuales se tomaron de abril a junio de 2020 de la base del Sistema de Notificación en Línea para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINOLAVE). Se empleó estadística descriptiva y chi cuadrada de Pearson, con una p < 0.05. Resultados: se analizaron 228 pacientes. El personal de enfermería fue el de mayor prevalencia, con 101 pacientes (44.3%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la obesidad en primer plano, con 27 pacientes (11.8%), y la diabetes mellitus por sí sola con 15 (6.6%), y en conjunto, con hipertensión arterial, obesidad y ser fumador crónico se presentaron en 22 pacientes (9.6 %). Conclusiones: predominó el personal de enfermería; las comorbilidades prevalentes fueron la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial.

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Pollen-food syndrome (PFS) is characterized by allergic sensitization to proteins of pollens of grasses, weeds, and trees, which produce a type I hypersensitivity reaction that is associated with the intake of plant-derived foods that are usually in raw form. The most frequently-associated protein families are: profilins, PR-10, and ns LTP; however, others such as thaumatins, isoflavones, reductases, and B1,2 glucanases have been documented. The prototype syndrome is birch-fruit-vegetables, and of these, the most common is birch-apple due to the fact that more than 70 % of patients who are sensitized to birch present symptoms associated with the intake of plant-derived foods. The symptoms are restricted to the oral cavity; however, some patients may present systemic symptoms, including anaphylaxis, so it is important to identify the type of protein that is involved since the type of reaction that the patient may present depends on that. In spite of everything, it is considered an entity that may be under diagnosed due to its complex diagnosis and treatment, since the procedure, in most cases, is an elimination diet, because treatment with immunotherapy is not yet available. The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology, as well as the most common pollen-food syndromes.

El síndrome polen-alimento (SPA) se caracteriza por la sensibilización alérgica a proteínas de pólenes de pastos, malezas y árboles, que producen una reacción de hipersensibilidad de tipo I, asociada a la ingesta de alimentos derivados de plantas, usualmente en forma cruda. Las familias de proteínas que más frecuentemente están asociadas son las profilinas, las PR-10 y las ns LTP; sin embargo, se ha documentado otras, como las taumatinas, isoflavonas reductasas y las B1,2 gluconasas. El síndrome prototipo es el abedul-frutas-vegetales, y de ellos el más común es el abedul-manzana, debido a que más de 70 % de los pacientes sensibilizados al abedul presentan síntomas asociados a la ingesta de alimentos derivados de plantas. Los síntomas están restringidos a la cavidad oral; sin embargo, algunos pacientes pueden presentar síntomas sistémicos, incluso anafilaxia, por lo que es importante identificar el tipo de proteína implicada, ya que de eso depende el tipo de reacción que puede presentar el paciente. Pese a todo, se considera una entidad que puede estar subdiagnosticada debido a su valoración y tratamiento complejos, debido a que el procedimiento en la mayor parte de los casos es dieta de eliminación, ya que aún no está disponible el tratamiento con inmunoterapia. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir la fisiopatología, así como los síndromes polen-alimento más comunes.

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Traditionally, edible flowers have been used as foods and for therapeutic purposes, today they have gained importance due to their bioactive compounds such as flavonols, anthocyanins or other phenolic compounds, which give them potential for biomedical applications. This work evaluated a methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea. Eleven individual phenolic compounds were found and quantified by mass spectrometry in the extract. Antioxidant activity tests (TEAC, FRAP and DPPH) and other characterization parameters were assayed (total phenolic content and total flavonoid content). In vitro studies showed antitumoral activity against ovarian tumoral cells mediated by the induction of non-dependent caspase cell death and by the activation of reactive oxygen species. The effect of the extract against features of Alzheimer disease was in vivo assayed in Caenorhabditis elegans. Tulbaghia extract led to a reduction in the 1-42 beta amyloid peptide formation and prevented oxidative stress. These results suggested that Tulbaghia violacea could be a new source of phenolic compounds for nutraceuticals and functional food development.

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Studies on size changes of Ophiuroidea are limited, despite their importance and implications in taxonomy, phylogenetics, ecology, and distribution. These studies have traditionally been based on descriptive size series seldom integrating quantitative analyses to assess the morphological variability of species, despite their potential use to study size changes in brittle stars. To confirm the latter, size changes of Ophiocomella alexandri were studied here using this approach. The studied size series of O. alexandri included specimens from 1.64 to 23.64 mm disc diameter (DD). Quantitative and qualitative external morphological characters were examined on each specimen, and quantitative analyses (cluster, one-way permutational analysis of variance, and discriminant analysis) were employed to identify size groups within the species. The allometric relationship disc diameter-total arm length (DD-AL) was estimated for each size group and the combined size groups. Two size groups were identified: Group 1, subdivided into Subgroup 1.1 and Subgroup 1.2, and Group 2. Each size group presented particular characters which were described, discussed, and compared with relevant literature. The relationship DD-AL was positively allometric for Group 1 and combined size groups, and isometric for Group 2. The results highlight the potential of quantitative analyses to address size-related morphological changes in ophiuroids, and the importance of conducting this type of study to correctly identify species regardless of their size. This is the first study to describe size-related morphological changes of a brittle star from the Eastern Pacific, and the first one focused on a member of Ophiocomidae globally.

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Introducción: en diciembre de 2019, el coronavirus 2 causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) provocó un brote en Wuhan, China, de la enfermedad respiratoria denominada COVID-19. A finales de febrero de 2020 se detectó en México el primer caso de COVID-19. Con esta enfermedad, las enfermedades crónicas degenerativas son determinantes para que la comorbilidad continúe en aumento. Objetivo: conocer las características epidemiológicas y la comorbilidad en trabajadores enfermos de COVID-19 del Órgano de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Estatal Veracruz Norte, del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal que incluyó a 228 pacientes de COVID-19, trabajadores del IMSS. Se analizaron variables como edad, género, así como unidad médica, categoría contractual, comorbilidades, etcétera, las cuales se tomaron de abril a junio de 2020 de la base del Sistema de Notificación en Línea para la Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINOLAVE). Se empleó estadística descriptiva y chi cuadrada de Pearson, con una p < 0.05. Resultados: se analizaron 228 pacientes. El personal de enfermería fue el de mayor prevalencia, con 101 pacientes (44.3%). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron la obesidad en primer plano, con 27 pacientes (11.8%), y la diabetes mellitus por sí sola con 15 (6.6%), y en conjunto, con hipertensión arterial, obesidad y ser fumador crónico se presentaron en 22 pacientes (9.6 %). Conclusiones: predominó el personal de enfermería; las comorbilidades prevalentes fueron la obesidad, la diabetes mellitus y la hipertensión arterial

Background: In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak of the respiratory disease called COVID-19, in Wuhan, China. At the end of February 2020, it was detected in Mexico the first case of COVID-19. With this disease, chronic degenerative diseases are decisive for comorbidity to continue increasing. Objective: To know the epidemiological characteristics and comorbidity in workers sick with COVID-19 from the Veracruz Norte Regional Deconcentrated Administrative Operation Body, from the Mexican Institute for Social Security (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS). Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study, which included 228 COVID-19 patients, who were IMSS workers. Variables such as age, gender, as well as medical unit, contractual category, comorbidities, etc., were analyzed and were taken from April to June 2020 from the Online Notification System for Epidemiological Surveillance (SINOLAVE) database. It was used descriptive statistics, and Pearson's chi-squared, with a p < 0.05. Results: 228 patients were analyzed. The nursing staff was the one with the highest prevalence with 101 patients (44.3%). Comorbidities such as obesity in the foreground, with 27 patients (11.8%), and diabetes mellitus alone with 15 patients (6.6%), and as a group, along with arterial hypertension, obesity and being a chronic smoker in 22 patients (9.6%) were the most frequent. Conclusions: The nursing staff predominated; the prevalent comorbidities were obesity, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension

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En el presente trabajo se describe un caso de muerte súbita en una mujer de 70 años que fallece 20 días después de ser dada de alta tras ingreso por infección urinaria secundaria a litiasis renal complicada con shock séptico e insuficiencia renal y respiratoria. En el corazón se identificó una cardiopatía isquémica crónica y extensas áreas de miocardio calcificado. Además, se exponen los tipos de calcificaciones del miocardio existentes y sus causas; y se analizan aquellos factores que en el caso presentado han podido causar la calcificación del miocardio(AU)

In the present report, we describe a case of sudden death in a 70-year-old woman who died 20 days after been discharged after admission for urinary infection secondary to renal lithiasis complicated with septic shock and renal and respiratory failure. It has been identified chronic ischemic heart disease and extensive areas of calcified myocardium. Also, we review myocardial calfications subtypes and its causes, and we analyze the specifics of the presented case(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Evaluate the effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of 5% NaOCl applied after acid etching on ground anterior teeth with fluorosis and analyze the surface with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), also compare fluorotic and healthy ground enamel by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Vickers microhardness (VM). For the SBS test 30 anterior teeth with moderate and severe fluorosis according Dean index were selected by an examiner previously calibrated with an expert in fluorosis by using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). With the help of a calibrated high speed diamond bur for veneer preparation and a parallel chamfer high speed diamond bur he vestibular face was prepared with a uniform reduction of .3 mm under water cooling. In one half of the vestibular face of the teeth the conventional adhesive procedure was carried out while in the other half was added an additional step with 5% NaOCl applied for 1 minute and washing after acid etchant. A resin post was adhered in each half and load was applied until fracture. The failure mode was evaluated and a SEM analysis was made. Posteriorly 10 samples of fluorotic and healthy ground enamel were used to measure the nanostructural characteristics by AFM (roughness average and absolute depth profile) and the VM in three operative steps (after ground, after etchant and after deproteinization). The Shapiro-Wilks and Brown-Forsythe methods were used to test the distribution of variables. The Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the differences between mean bond strength (MPa) in the two groups for SBS test. Chi- square analyzes were performed to compare the failure modes between groups. One- way ANOVA analysis and Tukey-Kramer post hoc test were used to compare groups for roughness average, absolute depth profile and Vickers microhardness. A greater SBS (32.17±4.20 MPa) and a surface more homogeneous and less contaminated were observed in the deproteinization subgruoup compared to the conventional subgroup (27.74±4.88 MPa). AFM parameters were greater in fluorosis subgroup than in healthy enamel subgroup. VM was lower in the fluorotic enamel in each operative step in comparation with healthy enamel. The use of 5% NaOCl as a deproteinizing agent after acid etchant in ground fluorotic enamel results in better adhesion, which may imply greater success in adhesive treatments. The ground surface of fluorotic enamel shows higher values of roughness and depth and lower values of VM which proves that there is a more irregular and less hard surface.

RESUMEN: Evaluar el efecto en la resistencia adhesiva al cizallamiento (SBS) de la aplicación de 5% de NAOCl después del grabado ácido en dientes anteriores fluoróticos tallados y analizar la superficie con microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), también comparar esmalte tallado fluorótico y sano por microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM) y microdureza Vickers (VM). Para la prueba SBS 30 dientes anteriores con fluorosis moderada y severa de acuerdo al índice de Dean fueron seleccionados por un examinador previamente calibrado por un experto en fluorosis usando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC). La cara vestibular se preparó .3mm con la ayuda de una fresa calibrada para la preparación de carillas y una paralela con punta en chamfer de diamante a alta velocidad e irrigación. En una mitad de la superficie vestibular de los dientes se llevó a cabo el procedimiento adhesivo tradicional, mientras que en la otra mitad se incluyó un paso adicional con la aplicación de NaOCl al 5% por un minute y lavado posterior al grabado ácido. Un poste de resina fué adherido en cada mitad y se aplicó carga hasta la fractura. Se evaluó el modo de fallo y se realizó un análisis con SEM. Posteriormente se utilizaron 10 muestras de esmalte tallado fluorótico y sano para medir las características nano estructurales por medio de AFM (rugosisdad promedio y perfil de profundidad absoluta) y la VM en tres diferentes pasos operativos (posterior al tallado, posterior al grabado ácido y posterior a la desproteinización). Se utilizaron los métodos de Shapiro Wilks y Brown-Forsythe para conocer la distribución de las variables. Una T de student pareada se utilizó para comparar la diferencia entre los promedios de la fuerza de unión (MPa) entre grupos para la prueba SBS. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de chi cuadrada para comparer los modos de fallo entre los grupos. Análisis de ANOVA de una vía y Tukey-Kramer post hoc fueron utilizados para comparar los grupos para las variables rugosidad promedio, perfil de profundidad absoluta y microdureza Vickers. Se observó una mayor SBS (32,17±4,20 MPa) y una superficie más homogénea y menos contaminada en el subgrupo con desproteinización en comparación con el subgrupo convencional (27,74±4,88 MPa). Los parámetros de AFM fueron mayores en el subgrupo de fluorosis que en el subgrupo de esmalte sano. La VM fue más baja en el esmalte fluorótico en cada paso operativo en comparación con el esmalte sano. El uso de NaOCl al 5% como agente desproteinizante después del grabado ácido en el esmalte fluorótico tallado da como resultado una mejor adhesión, lo que puede implicar un mayor éxito en los tratamientos adhesivos. La superficie tallada del esmalte fluorótico muestra valores más altos de rugosidad y profundidad y valores más bajos de VM lo que prueba que existe una superficie más irregular y menos dura.

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Health measures instantiated to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have imposed significant constraints for the population and impacted on drinking habits and mental health. This study longitudinally compared changes in alcohol consumption before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and the impact of sociodemographic and mental health variables on such changes among a community sample of young adults. Data were collected in the context of a larger, ongoing longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 305 young adults from Spain aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age = 21.27, (SD = 2.21), female = 53.4%; college students = 61.6%) who completed first (November-2019 and February-2020; i.e., before the outbreak of COVID-19) and second follow-up questionnaires (March 2021, a year after the COVID-19 outbreak). Alcohol use (quantity and drinking frequency), depression and anxiety symptoms were measured. Quantity and frequency of alcohol use decreased from the pre- to post-COVID-19 period. A decrease in drinking frequency was observed among college students, but not in noncollege peers. Although we found no effect of pre-COVID-19 anxiety on alcohol use changes, those with more depressive symptoms at the pre-COVID assessment were more resistant to decreasing their drinking quantity and frequency after the COVID-19 outbreak. This information will be of value when designing interventions aimed at reducing harmful alcohol use and highlights the role of mental health status when identifying high risk populations of young-adults during this, and future, public health crises.