RESUMO

We compared abundance, species richness, and capture efficiency with pitfall traps and mini-Winkler extractors to examine their use as complementary methods for sampling soil Coleoptera during dry (2010) and high water seasons (2011) in three areas, including inundated and non-inundated regions, in the Pantanal of Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We paired treatments with two 10 × 10 m plots in inundated and non-inundated locations that were repeated three times in each location for a total of 18 plots. In each plot, we used nine pitfall traps and collected 2 m(2) of leaf litter and surface soil samples with mini-Winkler extractors. We collected a total of 4260 adult beetles comprising 36 families, 113 genera, and 505 species. Most were caught in pitfalls (69%) and the remainder in the mini-Winkler extractors (31%). Each method provided distinct information about the beetle community: 252 species were captured only in pitfall traps, 147 using only the mini-Winkler extractors, and these methods shared another 106 species. Pitfall and mini-Winkler contribute in different ways for the sampling of the soil beetle community, and so they should be considered complementary for a more thorough assessment of community diversity.

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Here we examine assemblage structure of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (dung beetles) in the Pantanal of the state of Mato Grosso with respect to flooding regimes, soil texture, leaf litter volume and tree dominance in native and exotic pastures. Samples were collected along 30 transects of 250 m in length in a 5×5 km grid (25 km2). Five pitfalls baited with human feces were placed in each transect. A total of 1692 individuals in 19 species were captured, the majority in the subfamily Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae. Assemblages were influenced by the duration of flooding and leaf litter volume. None of the other habitat variables was correlated with species richness. Cultivated pastures with exotic grasses were unimportant for composition of the assemblages of beetles. These results indicate that duration of flooding is the most important regulating force in this community.

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RESUMO

Abstract Here we examine assemblage structure of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (dung beetles) in the Pantanal of the state of Mato Grosso with respect to flooding regimes, soil texture, leaf litter volume and tree dominance in native and exotic pastures. Samples were collected along 30 transects of 250 m in length in a 5×5 km grid (25 km2). Five pitfalls baited with human feces were placed in each transect. A total of 1692 individuals in 19 species were captured, the majority in the subfamily Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae. Assemblages were influenced by the duration of flooding and leaf litter volume. None of the other habitat variables was correlated with species richness. Cultivated pastures with exotic grasses were unimportant for composition of the assemblages of beetles. These results indicate that duration of flooding is the most important regulating force in this community.

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou a estrutura espacial de assembleias de Scarabaeidae coprófagos no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, em função do tempo de inundação, textura do solo, volume da serapilheira, dominância de arbóreas, pastagens nativa e exótica. As coletas foram realizadas em 30 transectos de 250 m cada distribuídos sistematicamente em uma área de 25 km2. Cinco armadilhas pitfall iscadas com fezes humanas foram instaladas em cada transecto, e obtidos 1.692 indivíduos distribuídos em 19 espécies pertencentes às subfamílias Scarabaeinae e Aphodiinae. A estrutura e composição das assembleias foram afetadas pelo tempo de inundação e o volume da serapilheira. Todas as variáveis explanatórias foram fracamente correlacionadas e de forma não significativa com a riqueza de espécies. A existência de pastagem exótica não afetou a composição das assembleias de besouros. Esses resultados indicam que o tempo de inundação é a principal força reguladora dessa comunidade no ambiente pantaneiro.

RESUMO

Here we examine assemblage structure of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (dung beetles) in the Pantanal of the state of Mato Grosso with respect to flooding regimes, soil texture, leaf litter volume and tree dominance in native and exotic pastures. Samples were collected along 30 transects of 250 m in length in a 5×5 km grid (25 km2). Five pitfalls baited with human feces were placed in each transect. A total of 1692 individuals in 19 species were captured, the majority in the subfamily Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae. Assemblages were influenced by the duration of flooding and leaf litter volume. None of the other habitat variables was correlated with species richness. Cultivated pastures with exotic grasses were unimportant for composition of the assemblages of beetles. These results indicate that duration of flooding is the most important regulating force in this community.(AU)

Esse estudo avaliou a estrutura espacial de assembleias de Scarabaeidae coprófagos no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, em função do tempo de inundação, textura do solo, volume da serapilheira, dominância de arbóreas, pastagens nativa e exótica. As coletas foram realizadas em 30 transectos de 250 m cada distribuídos sistematicamente em uma área de 25 km2. Cinco armadilhas pitfall iscadas com fezes humanas foram instaladas em cada transecto, e obtidos 1.692 indivíduos distribuídos em 19 espécies pertencentes às subfamílias Scarabaeinae e Aphodiinae. A estrutura e composição das assembleias foram afetadas pelo tempo de inundação e o volume da serapilheira. Todas as variáveis explanatórias foram fracamente correlacionadas e de forma não significativa com a riqueza de espécies. A existência de pastagem exótica não afetou a composição das assembleias de besouros. Esses resultados indicam que o tempo de inundação é a principal força reguladora dessa comunidade no ambiente pantaneiro.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Here we examine assemblage structure of coprophagous Scarabaeidae (dung beetles) in the Pantanal of the state of Mato Grosso with respect to flooding regimes, soil texture, leaf litter volume and tree dominance in native and exotic pastures. Samples were collected along 30 transects of 250 m in length in a 5×5 km grid (25 km2). Five pitfalls baited with human feces were placed in each transect. A total of 1692 individuals in 19 species were captured, the majority in the subfamily Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae. Assemblages were influenced by the duration of flooding and leaf litter volume. None of the other habitat variables was correlated with species richness. Cultivated pastures with exotic grasses were unimportant for composition of the assemblages of beetles. These results indicate that duration of flooding is the most important regulating force in this community.

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou a estrutura espacial de assembleias de Scarabaeidae coprófagos no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, em função do tempo de inundação, textura do solo, volume da serapilheira, dominância de arbóreas, pastagens nativa e exótica. As coletas foram realizadas em 30 transectos de 250 m cada distribuídos sistematicamente em uma área de 25 km2. Cinco armadilhas pitfall iscadas com fezes humanas foram instaladas em cada transecto, e obtidos 1.692 indivíduos distribuídos em 19 espécies pertencentes às subfamílias Scarabaeinae e Aphodiinae. A estrutura e composição das assembleias foram afetadas pelo tempo de inundação e o volume da serapilheira. Todas as variáveis explanatórias foram fracamente correlacionadas e de forma não significativa com a riqueza de espécies. A existência de pastagem exótica não afetou a composição das assembleias de besouros. Esses resultados indicam que o tempo de inundação é a principal força reguladora dessa comunidade no ambiente pantaneiro.

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RESUMO

Insects show morphometric variations associated with the environment that may be the result of phenotypic response or genetic inheritance, or both. Thereby, studies that emphasise the variability in body size are very useful for understanding the dynamics and the stability of ecological systems. Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, 1906) (Acrididae) is a semi-aquatic grasshopper, distributed from the southeast of Mexico to the south of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and is intimately associated with the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia spp. and Pontederia spp. In its wide habitat distribution, C. aquaticum shows variations in its life cycle and morphometric differences that were observed suggesting geographic and host plant influence. Considering these findings, this study aimed to find out the morphometric characteristics of this species at the Pantanal of Poconé - MT, using the protocol of the project "HICWA - Host-Insect Coevolution on Waterhyacinth", as well as to assess possible differences in each stage of development between the sexes and among seasonal periods (flood, high water, low water and dry). During 12 months a total of 600 individuals were collected in monthly collections of 50 grasshoppers, and of this total, 261 were adults and 339 nymphs. The following measurements were taken: total length (A); body length (B); wing length (I) and measurement of the hind femur (H). The results showed that both male and female have different measurements but not correlated with seasonal periods. The average obtained for each character and the seasonality showed the highest values during the flood period. In nymphs, the measurement of the posterior femur presented the lower variation between individuals and characters.

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RESUMO

Insects show morphometric variations associated with the environment that may be the result of phenotypic response or genetic inheritance, or both. Thereby, studies that emphasise the variability in body size are very useful for understanding the dynamics and the stability of ecological systems. Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, 1906) (Acrididae) is a semi-aquatic grasshopper, distributed from the southeast of Mexico to the south of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and is intimately associated with the aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia spp. and Pontederia spp. In its wide habitat distribution, C. aquaticum shows variations in its life cycle and morphometric differences that were observed suggesting geographic and host plant influence. Considering these findings, this study aimed to find out the morphometric characteristics of this species at the Pantanal of Poconé MT, using the protocol of the project “HICWA Host-Insect Coevolution on Waterhyacinth”, as well as to assess possible differences in each stage of development between the sexes and among seasonal periods (flood, high water, low water and dry). During 12 months a total of 600 individuals were collected in monthly collections of 50 grasshoppers, and of this total, 261 were adults and 339 nymphs. The following measurements were taken: total length (A); body length (B); wing length (I) and measurement of the hind femur (H). The results showed that both male and female have different measurements but not correlated with seasonal periods. The average obtained for each character and the seasonality showed the highest values during the flood period. In nymphs, the measurement of the posterior femur presented the lower variation between individuals and characters.(AU)

Insetos apresentam variações morfométricas associadas ao ambiente que podem ser resultado tanto de respostas fenotípicas, quanto da herança genética, ou de ambos. Assim, estudos que enfatizam a variabilidade no tamanho do corpo do inseto são de grande utilidade para o entendimento da dinâmica e da estabilidade dos sistemas ecológicos. Cornops aquaticum (Bruner, 1906) (Acrididae) é um gafanhoto semi-aquático, distribuído desde o sudeste do México até o sul da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina, demonstrando íntima associação com macrófitas aquáticas dos gêneros Eichhornia e Pontederia. Em sua ampla distribuição de habitats, C. aquaticum apresenta variações em seu ciclo biológico e diferenças morfométricas que sugerem uma influência tanto geográfica, quanto da planta hospedeira. Diante disto, esse estudo objetivou conhecer as características morfométricas dessa espécie no Pantanal de Poconé (MT), empregando o protocolo do projeto “HICWA Host-Insect Coevolution on Waterhyacinth”, bem como avaliar possíveis diferenças em cada estádio de desenvolvimento entre os sexos e entre os períodos sazonais dessa região (enchente, cheia, vazante e seca). Durante 12 meses foram coletados, mensalmente, 50 gafanhotos, totalizando 600 indivíduos, sendo 261 adultos e 339 ninfas, nos quais foram tomadas as medidas do comprimento total (A); comprimento do corpo (B); comprimento da asa (I) e medida do fêmur posterior (H). Os resultados indicam indivíduos adultos, tanto machos quanto fêmeas, de tamanho variado em todos os períodos sazonais, entretanto, essas variações não estão correlacionadas à sazonalidade. As médias obtidas para cada caracter entre os períodos sazonais demonstraram que houve diferenciação entre as medidas, revelando os maiores valores médios durante a enchente. Em ninfas, a menor variação entre os indivíduos em relação aos outros caracteres avaliados foi encontrada na medida do fêmur posterior.(AU)

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Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults females of two of these species, Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, belonging to the family Pyrgodesmidae, had a unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes, with P. salvator present grouping of oocytes into a structure similar to ovisacs. This condition appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species ( 10 mm) and their short life cycle. The third species, Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae), had a large body and an ovary with paired ovisacs, which was symplesiomorphic with other Polydesmida families.

A ordem Polydesmida é a maior da classe Diplopoda em número de espécies, gêneros e famílias, entretanto existem poucos estudos sobre a morfologia ovariana de suas espécies. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo sobre a morfologia ovariana de três espécies dessa ordem a fim de contribuir para discussões sobre a evolução morfológica deste sistema no grupo. Duas dessas espécies, Poratia salvator e Myrmecodesmus hastatus, representantes da família Pyrgodesmidae, apresentam ovário como um órgão tubular único, com a primeira possuindo os ovócitos agrupados em uma estrutura semelhante a ovissacos. Esta condição parece ser uma apomorfia aparentemente associada ao tamanho diminuto dos animais destas espécies (menos de 10 mm) e suas histórias de vida curtas. A terceira espécie, Telonychopus klossae, um quelodesmídeo de tamanho corporal grande, possui um ovário pareado com presença de ovissacos, condição simplesiomórfica semelhante à de outras famílias de Polydesmida.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults females of two of these species, Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, belonging to the family Pyrgodesmidae, had a unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes, with P. salvator present grouping of oocytes into a structure similar to ovisacs. This condition appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species ( 10 mm) and their short life cycle. The third species, Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae), had a large body and an ovary with paired ovisacs, which was symplesiomorphic with other Polydesmida families.(AU)

A ordem Polydesmida é a maior da classe Diplopoda em número de espécies, gêneros e famílias, entretanto existem poucos estudos sobre a morfologia ovariana de suas espécies. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo sobre a morfologia ovariana de três espécies dessa ordem a fim de contribuir para discussões sobre a evolução morfológica deste sistema no grupo. Duas dessas espécies, Poratia salvator e Myrmecodesmus hastatus, representantes da família Pyrgodesmidae, apresentam ovário como um órgão tubular único, com a primeira possuindo os ovócitos agrupados em uma estrutura semelhante a ovissacos. Esta condição parece ser uma apomorfia aparentemente associada ao tamanho diminuto dos animais destas espécies (menos de 10 mm) e suas histórias de vida curtas. A terceira espécie, Telonychopus klossae, um quelodesmídeo de tamanho corporal grande, possui um ovário pareado com presença de ovissacos, condição simplesiomórfica semelhante à de outras famílias de Polydesmida.(AU)

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of mini-Winkler extractor and pitfall traps as appropriate and complementary methods to sample ant communities in the phytophysiognomy mosaic in the Poconé Pantanal region, state of Mato Grosso, Brasil. Seven units were studied for landscape, located within a 25 km(2) collection area, formed by thirty 250-m transects, at 1-km intervals in a 5 × 5 km area. Five collection points were marked in each transect at 50-m intervals, totaling 150 points. A collection was made at each sampling point with mini-Winkler extractor and pitfall traps. Using the mini-Winkler extractor, 1,088 individuals were collected distributed in 20 genera and 55 species, with Solenopsis invicta Buren and Pheidole (gr. biconstricta) sp.1 as the most frequent ants. Using pitfall traps, 2,726 individuals distributed in 24 genera and 48 species were sampled and Dorymyrmex (gr. pyramicus) sp.1 and Pheidole (gr. biconstricta) sp.1 were the most frequent species. A significant difference between the methods was observed in measured species number. The Principal coordinates analysis discriminated two species groups exclusively sampled by the mini-Winkler extractor and another by the pitfall methods. Therefore, it was concluded that these methods were complementary for ant diversity inventories in the Poconé Pantanal region.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Polydesmida is the largest order in the class Diplopoda in terms of the number of species, genera and families, but there are few studies of the ovarian morphology of species in this order. This study aimed to perform a comparative study of the ovarian morphology of three species from this order to increase the understanding of the morphological evolution of this system in Polydesmida. Adults females of two of these species, Poratia salvator and Myrmecodesmus hastatus, belonging to the family Pyrgodesmidae, had a unpaired ovary that formed a tubular organ containing oocytes, with P. salvator present grouping of oocytes into a structure similar to ovisacs. This condition appeared to be apomorphic and was associated with the small size of these species (< 10 mm) and their short life cycle. The third species, Telonychopus klossae (Chelodesmidae), had a large body and an ovary with paired ovisacs, which was symplesiomorphic with other Polydesmida families.

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RESUMO

Diplopods are very susceptible to various degrees of environmental disturbance, particularly climate, altitude and diet. In order to increase our understanding of millipede ecological plasticity, we used fertility tables to access and to compare the fertility and survival of two populations of the parthenogenetic species Poratia salvator from two areas with distinct characteristics. Collecting was conducted in two localities within the state of Mato Grosso, in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, and in the municipality of Várzea Grande. The specimens were maintained at room temperature. In the first generation, individuals from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso population reproduced early and also died earlier when compared with individuals from the Várzea Grande population. Furthermore, the population from the Pantanal had a lower net reproduction rate and a higher intrinsic growth rate than the population from the Várzea Grande. The generation time was lower for the Pantanal population than for the Várzea Grande population. In the second generation, the net reproduction rate observed for both populations was higher than that observed in the first generation, suggesting an increase in the reproductive potential of the females throughout their lives. The intrinsic growth rate of both populations decreased as a function of an increase in generation time observed in the second generation. As a result, the population growth rate in the second generation was slower when compared with the first generation, probably a result of the longer life expectancy of the second generation, which may have become adapted to the artificial conditions of the experiment.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Diplopods are very susceptible to various degrees of environmental disturbance, particularly climate, altitude and diet. In order to increase our understanding of millipede ecological plasticity, we used fertility tables to access and to compare the fertility and survival of two populations of the parthenogenetic species Poratia salvator from two areas with distinct characteristics. Collecting was conducted in two localities within the state of Mato Grosso, in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, and in the municipality of Várzea Grande. The specimens were maintained at room temperature. In the first generation, individuals from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso population reproduced early and also died earlier when compared with individuals from the Várzea Grande population. Furthermore, the population from the Pantanal had a lower net reproduction rate and a higher intrinsic growth rate than the population from the Várzea Grande. The generation time was lower for the Pantanal population than for the Várzea Grande population. In the second generation, the net reproduction rate observed for both populations was higher than that observed in the first generation, suggesting an increase in the reproductive potential of the females throughout their lives. The intrinsic growth rate of both populations decreased as a function of an increase in generation time observed in the second generation. As a result, the population growth rate in the second generation was slower when compared with the first generation, probably a result of the longer life expectancy of the second generation, which may have become adapted to the artificial conditions of the experiment.(AU)

Os Diplopoda demonstram forte sensibilidade às mudanças ambientais em diferentes escalas, sendo que fatores como clima, altitude e disponibilidade de alimento são os que mais influenciam o seu desenvolvimento biológico. Dessa maneira, este estudo objetivou estimar as taxas de sobrevivência e fertilidade da espécie partenogenética Poratia salvator através da elaboração de tabelas de fertilidade, a fim de caracterizar o crescimento populacional desta espécie, oriunda de diferentes ambientes. As coletas foram realizadas em duas localidades, uma no Pantanal de Mato Grosso, município de Nossa Senhora do Livramento, e outra no município de Várzea Grande-MT. Os indivíduos foram mantidos sob temperatura ambiente. Como resultado observou-se que a população proveniente do Pantanal apresentou aceleração da reprodução, na primeira geração, com mortalidade prematura das progenitoras. Para a população oriunda de Várzea Grande, a reprodução ocorreu em idades mais avançadas do período reprodutivo, e as fêmeas viveram por um maior período. Na primeira geração, a população do Pantanal teve menor taxa líquida de reprodução e maior taxa intrínseca de crescimento que a população de Várzea Grande. O tempo de geração da população do Pantanal foi menor que a de Várzea Grande. Na segunda geração, observou-se que a taxa líquida de reprodução das duas populações foi maior que a observada na primeira geração, evidenciando um incremento no potencial reprodutivo de cada uma das fêmeas ao longo da vida. A taxa intrínseca de crescimento diminuiu devido ao aumento no tempo de geração da segunda geração estudada. Com isso, a taxa de crescimento das populações, na segunda geração, foi mais lenta que a primeira, visto que houve um prolongamento na vida das progenitoras, aparentemente, devido à adaptação dos animais às condições artificiais.(AU)

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O perfil psicologico de 40 individuos portadores de sindromes vestibulares perifericas, foi realizado atraves do Teste das Piramides Coloridas de Pfister, teste projetivo que faz uma avaliacao da personalidade, em seus niveis latentes e manifestos tendo sido conhecido para informar sobre a expressao da afetividade e o controle dos impulsos. O teste de Pfister sempre foi realizado apos a avaliacao otoneurologica de casuistica, e pos computacao dos dados objetivos da sua interpretacao nos pacientes labirinticos, observou-se a ocorrencia expressiva de determinados eventos, com signficados explicitos: 1: - constriccao do campo psicologico. 2 - insuficiencia de mecanismos defensivos adequados, prevalecendo o carater primariamente funcional e secundariamente, o carater organico.O grupo de pacientes que apresentou exame vestibular alterado foi considerado em piores condicoes psicologicas do que o grupo de pacientes em que o exame vertibular foi normal

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