RESUMO
The evaluation of the electrochemical determination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was carried out using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with Nafion-dispersed oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNT). The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a complete modification of the surface with the nanotubes and yeast interaction with them instead of the graphite surface. The redox couple Fe(CN)6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- was used to determine the electroactive area, the heterogeneous transfer constant, and the Nafion® effect. Results showed increases in electroactive area and heterogeneous transfer constant of 146% and 20.4%, respectively, due to the presence of nanotubes. Studies of the Nafion® effect showed that the polymeric membrane affects the electroactive area but not the heterogeneous transfer constant. Studies of the scan rate effect show that yeast oxidation is an irreversible mixed control process. As the concentration and scan rate increased, the anodic potential shifted toward more anodic values. The relationship between yeast concentration and the anodic current density (current/electroactive area) of yeast showed a linear range between 0.61 and 7.69 g L-1, the limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.17 g L-1, and 0.61 g L-1, respectively, and the sensibility obtained was 0.03 µA L g-1 mm-2. These results show that with the screen-printed carbon electrodes it is possible to improve the electrochemical determination of this microorganism, enhancing the analytical parameters and quantification, allowing greater portability and decreasing measurement times and associated waste.
RESUMO
Chronic migraine is a condition with significant prevalence all around the world and high socioeconomic impact, and its handling has been challenging neurologists. Developments for understanding its mechanisms and associated conditions, as well as that of new therapies, have been quick and important, a fact which has motivated the Latin American and Brazilian Headache Societies to prepare the present consensus. The treatment of chronic migraine should always be preceded by a careful diagnosis review; the detection of possible worsening factors and associated conditions; the stratification of seriousness/impossibility to treat; and monitoring establishment, with a pain diary. The present consensus deals with pharmacological and nonpharmacological forms of treatment to be used in chronic migraine.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Enxaqueca/terapia , Doença Crônica , Comorbidade , Humanos , América Latina , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Chronic migraine is a condition with significant prevalence all around the world and high socioeconomic impact, and its handling has been challenging neurologists. Developments for understanding its mechanisms and associated conditions, as well as that of new therapies, have been quick and important, a fact which has motivated the Latin American and Brazilian Headache Societies to prepare the present consensus. The treatment of chronic migraine should always be preceded by a careful diagnosis review; the detection of possible worsening factors and associated conditions; the stratification of seriousness/impossibility to treat; and monitoring establishment, with a pain diary. The present consensus deals with pharmacological and nonpharmacological forms of treatment to be used in chronic migraine.
A migrânea crônica é uma condição com prevalência significativa ao redor do mundo e alto impacto socioeconômico, sendo que seu manuseio tem desafiado os neurologistas. Os avanços na compreensão de seus mecanismos e das condições a ela associadas, bem como nas novas terapêuticas, têm sido rápidos e importantes, fato que motivou as Sociedades Latino-americana e Brasileira de Cefaleia a elaborarem o presente consenso. O tratamento da migrânea crônica deve ser sempre precedido por uma revisão cuidadosa do diagnóstico, pela detecção de possíveis fatores de piora e das condições associadas, pela estratificação de gravidade/impossibilidade de se tratar e pelo monitoramento com um diário da dor. Este consenso apresenta abordagens farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas para tratar a migrânea crônica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/terapia , Doença Crônica , Comorbidade , América Latina , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of arthroscopy in the selection of surgical procedure and treatment of both acute and recurrent traumatic anterior shoulder instability in rugby players by use of pre-established selection criteria. We describe the injury mechanisms, analyze the pathologic lesions and treatment indications based on surgical findings, and assess the results in patients treated with the arthroscopic suture anchor technique. METHODS: From November 1996 to November 2001, 204 rugby players with acute or recurrent traumatic anterior instability underwent an initial arthroscopic examination. Criteria such as type of Bankart lesion, tissue quality, and presence of bony defects were evaluated and used to determine the method of stabilization: arthroscopy or open stabilization. Open surgery was indicated in patients with bone humeral deficiencies greater than one fourth of the articular humeral head, bone glenoid deficiencies greater than 25% of the glenoid extension, capsular laxity with poor tissue quality, and humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament; all other patients underwent arthroscopic reconstruction via the bone suture anchor technique. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.9 years (range, 3.9 to 8.9 years). We performed arthroscopic stabilization in 39 cases of acute instability; only 1 case (2.5%) required the mini-open technique for reinsertion of humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament. Of 158 cases of recurrent instability, 121 underwent arthroscopic stabilization, and 37 (23.4%) required reconstruction with open surgery. The main cause was bony deficiency (treated with the Latarjet procedure). The results of the arthroscopic reconstructions were evaluated by use of the Rowe scale and analyzed according to stability and range of motion. Good or excellent results were found in 94.9% of cases in the acute instability group and in 91.8% in the recurrent instability group, the poor results were due to instability recurrence. In the acute instability group there were 2 cases of recurrence (5.1%) while playing rugby. In the recurrent instability group there were 10 recurrences (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic stabilization was possible in 97.5% of our patients with acute instability and 76.6% of patients with recurrent instability based on the selection criteria for this population. We were able to obtain excellent results in 90% of cases using the suture anchor technique in rugby players with our selection criteria. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas/cirurgia , Futebol Americano , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Lesões do Ombro , Articulação do Ombro/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura , Adolescente , Adulto , Seguimentos , Humanos , Ligamentos Articulares , Masculino , Seleção de Pacientes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Se sintetizaron anfolitos carrier (AC) mediante la reacción entre tetraetilenpoentamina (TEPA) y ácido acrílico (AA). El producto obtenido se utilizó en la separación de proteínas séricas mediante isoelectroenfoque (IEF) en geles de agarosa y de poliacrilamida (PAA). Se determinó el gradiente de pH obtenido y se analizó el comportamiento isotacoforético de las distintas fracciones del anfolito carrier, obtenidas luego de su IEF sobre gel de agarosa
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ponto Isoelétrico , Proteínas/sangue , Trietilenofosforamida/síntese química , Misturas AnfolíticasRESUMO
Se sintetizaron anfolitos carrier (AC) mediante la reacción entre tetraetilenpoentamina (TEPA) y ácido acrílico (AA). El producto obtenido se utilizó en la separación de proteínas séricas mediante isoelectroenfoque (IEF) en geles de agarosa y de poliacrilamida (PAA). Se determinó el gradiente de pH obtenido y se analizó el comportamiento isotacoforético de las distintas fracciones del anfolito carrier, obtenidas luego de su IEF sobre gel de agarosa (AU)
Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Trietilenofosforamida/síntese química , Proteínas/sangue , Ponto Isoelétrico , Misturas AnfolíticasRESUMO
O câncer do cólon e reto representa o 2- tumor mais comun em países desenvolvidos do mundo ocidental. Apesar desse fato, näo há, nos últimos 30 anos, qualquer melhora no prognóstico desses tumores. Trata-se de uma patologia com incidência maior faixa etária de 60-70 anos, sem predomínio em relaçäo ao sexo dos pacientes. Na literatura recente, pelo menos dois autores americanos publicaram estudos que mostram a tendência estatisticamente comprovada do aumento percentual na localizaçäo de tumores proximais. Säo estudados 74 casos de tumores cólon-retais ocorridos entre 1972-1982 no Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias. Näo se vê nesta série diferença significativa na incidência segundo o sexo, mesmo quando se estuda separadamente os tumores de cólon e do reto. Näo temos explicaçäo ainda para a diferença importante na incidência entre leucodernos e melanodernos. Quanto à localizaçäo, a distribuiçäo é a classicamente aceita como usual. O diagnóstico desses tumores foi feito em 44,6% dos casos pelo exame proctológico, 39,2% pelo exame radiológico e no restante o diagnóstico foi clínico ou cirúrgico. A dor abdominal foi o sintoma mais comun isoladamente - 72,97% - e o tumor de reto foi de sintomatologia mais rica com 71,05% (27/38 pacientes) apresentando quadro sinais (dor, emagrecimento, sangramento e massa palpável). Em 32% dos casos os doentes queixaram-se de constipaçäo, havendo 28,38% de casos en que näo havia queixas em relaçäo aos hábitos intestinais. Em nossa série, 28,57% das cirurgias foram meramente paliativas e 71,43% tiveram pretensöes curativas