RESUMO
The use of commercial pesticides combinations increases the risk of intoxication in non-target aquatic organisms. Here, we investigate the potential of a commercial pesticide formulation containing (CYP) plus chlorpyrifos (CPF) to induce oxidative damage on two fish species (common carp and zebrafish). Carp and zebrafish were exposed for 96â¯h under laboratory conditions. Fish were divided in three different groups: CTL, 0.3⯵gâ¯L-1 or 0.6⯵gâ¯L-1 of CYP and 0.5 or 1⯵gâ¯L-1 of CPF in commercial formulation. Both carp and zebrafish showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity when compared to control group. Other oxidative parameters responded differently to exposure in carp and zebrafish. There were an increase in ascorbic acid (ASA) levels and decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels in treated groups of carps. In the other hand, zebrafish showed significant decrease in ASA and increase in CAT activity and NPSH levels. Overall, we demonstrate noxious effects on redox parameters in two fish experimental models and different effects were observe in each fish species exposed to commercial pesticide formulation. This difference responses observed can be related with specific mechanisms of detoxification and antioxidant defense system of each species.
Assuntos
Carpas/fisiologia , Clorpirifos/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Piretrinas/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Peixe-Zebra/fisiologia , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Concentração Osmolar , Especificidade da Espécie , Compostos de Sulfidrila , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
Considering the antioxidant properties of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and the involvement of oxidative stress events in paraquat-induced neurotoxicity, this study investigated the protective effect of dietary Na2SeO3 on biochemical and behavioral parameters of zebrafish exposed to paraquat (PQ). Fish were pretreated with a Na2SeO3 diet for 21 days and then PQ (20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally with six injections for 16 days. In the novel tank test, the Na2SeO3 diet prevented the locomotor impairments, as well as the increase in the time spent in the top area of the tank, and the exacerbation of freezing episodes. In the preference for conspecifics and in the mirror-induced aggression (MIA) tasks, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in the latency to enter the area closer to conspecifics and the agonistic behavior of PQ-treated animals, respectively. Na2SeO3 prevented the increase of carbonylated protein (CP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels, as well as the decrease in non-protein thiols (NPSH) levels. Regarding the antioxidant enzymatic defenses, Na2SeO3 prevented the increase in catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities caused by PQ. Altogether, dietary Na2SeO3 improves behavioral and biochemical function impaired by PQ treatment in zebrafish, by modulating not only redox parameters, but also anxiety- and aggressive-like phenotypes in zebrafish.