RESUMO
The jerivá (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and the macaúba (Acrocomia aculeata) are palm trees of the Arecaceae family, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas of Latin America, which have a low production cost and high productivity throughout the year. Due to the high content of lipids, their fruits have been used for oil extraction, which generates byproducts such as the pulps and the kernel cakes, a nutritionally rich byproduct that can be added into human food and, may have prebiotic potential. Therefore, the objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the prebiotic potential of jerivá pulp (JP), macaúba pulp (MP), jerivá kernel cake (JC) and macaúba kernel cake (MC). For this, the fruits characterization was carried out through proximate composition, phenolic compounds content, and antioxidant activity, besides evaluating the antimicrobial and fermentative capacity of Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus against Escherichia coli. Jerivá and macaúba pulps and kernel cakes presented high levels of dietary fiber (20.45% JP, 37.87% JC, 19.95% MP and 35.81% MC) and high antioxidant activity, especially JP, which also showed the high values found for ABTS and DPPH (2498.49 µMTrolox·g-1 fruit and 96.97 g fruit·g-1 DPPH, respectively), has a high total phenolic content (850.62 mg GAE·100 g-1). Also, JP promoted a better growth of probiotic strains and a more relevant pH reduction when compared to the commercial prebiotic FOS. However, MP, JC, and MC were also able to favor the growth of the strains. Probiotic microorganisms were able to use JP, MP, JC, and MC and produced short-chain fatty acids such as lactic, propionic, butyric, and acetic acid, capable of promoting health benefits. Therefore, the byproducts from jerivá and macaúba oil extraction have characteristics that indicate their prebiotic potential, and maybe interesting components to increase the nutritional value of foods.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Frutas , Antioxidantes/análise , Frutas/química , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , PrebióticosRESUMO
The aims of the present study were to develop and evaluate different formulations of probiotic and synbiotic sorbets produced with jussara (Euterpe edulis) pulp, polydextrose, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA3, and Lactobacillus paracasei BGP1. The pasteurized jussara pulp presented high content of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins, which were not inhibitory to the probiotics used in this study. The levels of polyphenols and anthocyanins present in the sorbets were also high and kept stable for 120 days, as well as the populations of both probiotics. On the other hand, probiotic populations reduced ca. 4 log CFU/g when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids. Altogether, the sorbets produced in this study showed interesting results, indicating the viability on producing functional foods with probiotics, prebiotics, and other components that are rich in polyphenols, such as jussara pulp. The combination of these elements can improve the health beneficial effects of these compounds and provide important advantages to the intestinal microbiota of consumers.
Assuntos
Euterpe/química , Trato Gastrointestinal/microbiologia , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/química , Lactobacillus acidophilus/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Prebióticos/análise , Probióticos/química , Simbióticos/análise , Armazenamento de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus paracasei/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Resíduos/análiseRESUMO
Aquatic ecosystems are the main receptors of toxic substances from human activities. With the increase in sugar cane production, vinasse - the main residue of ethanol production - is a potential contaminant of water resources, due to its high organic matter content. This study was aimed at evaluating the toxicity of vinasse by examining the liver of the fish Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different dilutions of sugar cane vinasse (1%, 2%, 5%, 5% and 10%) in laboratory bioassays. Portions of liver were collected and fixed for histological and histochemical techniques to detect total proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. In the histological analysis, the groups treated with vinasse exhibited significant alterations, such as loss of cytoplasmic integrity, loss of cell limit and tissue disorganization. Protein and lipid profiles were not altered. Higher accumulation of polysaccharides was detected in fish exposed to lower concentrations of vinasse, with a gradual decrease in animals treated with vinasse in higher concentrations. We concluded that vinasse has a dose-dependent toxic and cytotoxic potential in water bodies and that the liver is strongly affected when acutely exposed to this contaminant.
Assuntos
Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharum , Tilápia , Resíduos/análise , Poluentes da Água/toxicidade , Agricultura , Animais , Brasil , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Hepatócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatócitos/patologia , Hepatócitos/ultraestrutura , Fígado/química , Fígado/patologia , Saccharum/química , Saccharum/toxicidade , Tilápia/metabolismo , Resíduos/efeitos adversos , Poluentes da Água/análiseRESUMO
The inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. Vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). Because of the large quantities of vinasse produced, alternative treatments and uses have been developed, such as recycling of vinasse in fermentation, fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, and yeast and energy production. This review was aimed at examining the available data on the subject as a contribution to update the information on sugarcane vinasse, from its characteristics and chemical composition to alternatives uses in Brazil: fertirrigation, concentration by evaporation, energy production; the effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties; its influence on seed germination, its use as biostimulant and environmental contaminant. The low pH, electric conductivity, and chemical elements present in sugarcane vinasse may cause changes in the chemical and physical-chemical properties of soils, rivers, and lakes with frequent discharges over a long period of time, and also have adverse effects on agricultural soils and biota in general. Thus, new studies and green methods need to be developed aiming at sugarcane vinasse recycling and disposal.