RESUMO
The Medical Sciences School of the University of Santiago de Chile, is an institution inserted in the occidental culture and therefore on its conceptions and traditions. It subscribes the Principles defined in the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights of the United Nations and especially the importance of the human person, as an entity irrepetible, different to others. The human rights are over the institutions, the society and the laws of science. The Faculty considers the family as the cell or natural and fundamental element for the development of the human being in the society. It defines its historic mission as the search of the truth and the achievement of a society in pro of the welfare and health of the people in a frame of excellence, justice, humanism, efficiency and participation. As an expression of the cultural patrimony it should create and transfer knowledge. As guarantor of the ethical principles it should protect the dignity that emanates from the transcendent nature of the person and its moral principles and therefore its right to life, justice, freedom, equality, health, education, and happiness. As a paradigm of progress it must be involved in modernization and should impulse the development. As an entity committed with Society it should participate in the search of solutions for politics and programs looking for a higher level of life and a better model of health. The profile of our graduated students will identify them due to their profound spirit of welfare of the person, his family, his community, ethical sense, solidarity, justness and humanity, their orientation to the community and the environment with a solid professional formation in the strategy of Primary Health Care. They will provide education in health for the whole family in order to improve a better way of life. They will be trained to detect and solve the risks of individual, communities and environment. Research is also a priority of the Faculty in order to contribute to solve the problems of health of the Nation, since there is no development without education and there is no education neither development without health. For the Faculty the achievement of these purposes is mandatory and we will make them reality through the Prometeo Project 1997-2001.
Assuntos
Faculdades de Medicina/tendências , ChileRESUMO
The dynamics of the health policies of the last 30 years in Chile have been strongly influenced by the following issues: the achieved consciousness of the population that the access to health care is a human right; the important increase of the coverage of the health sector; the development of the human resources for health; and in the last decade the effect of the international recession that ultimately affected the financial situation of the Minister of Health and therefore leading to a stabilization of main health indexes. Other recent facts were the weakness of the normative central rol; the delegation of the primary health care to the mayor; the financing of local health services according to the number of consultancies (FAPEN), and the development of a system of private services (ISAPRES) for the higher income population, that concentrate a high proportion of the sector's resources.
Assuntos
Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Adolescente , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Criança , Chile , Feminino , Crescimento , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
PIP: This study developed instruments to predict the unsatisfactory growth of children in the context of social programs, (health, education, nutrition, social work, food and employment) which measure the probability of malnutrition using anthropometry. Variables used were biological and social (family incompetency). A cohort of 822 breastfeeding infants were followed prospectively from prenatal until 12 months of age in 5 primary health clinics in Santiago, Chile. Weight by age was the dependent variable, defined as "unsatisfactory growth" if it was under the 20th percentile established by the World Health Organization. By 1 year, 32% of the study population was in this category, reflecting national statistics; at 3 months 8% of the infant population and no more than 2% of those breastfeeding were under the 20th percentile. 25 high risk variables were selected that also demonstrated a high correlation with weight and age and these were evaluated by using 3 statistical methods: 1) the relative simple risk (RRS) used by the WHO; 2) logistical regression; and 3) classification and regression trees (CART).^ieng
Assuntos
Antropometria , Proteção da Criança , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Crescimento , Lactente , Métodos , Distúrbios Nutricionais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Características da População , Estudos Prospectivos , Pesquisa , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Técnicas Sociométricas , Estatística como Assunto , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , América , Biologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Chile , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Economia , Saúde , América Latina , População , Projetos de Pesquisa , América do SulRESUMO
The purpose of this investigation was to develop screening instruments for the prediction of infants' growth failure. Biological and social variables of subjects attending public clinics in Santiago, Chile, were prospectively collected and screened as possible risk factors of being underweight/age at the end of the first year of life using three methodologies. Methodologies used were: simple relative risk, logistic regression, and classification and regression trees. As judged by sensitivity and specificity properties, the screening instrument developed by the latter methodology is much better than the other two.
Assuntos
Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Previsões , Humanos , Lactente , Métodos , Distúrbios Nutricionais/fisiopatologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
PIP: Deterioration of Chile's National Supplementary Food Program in 1983 justifies adopting techniques to pinpoint groups most exposed to malnutrition, disease, and death. To this end, an instrument was developed for predicting deterioration of infant growth, using 2 sets of indicators. Set 1, termed "biomedical risk" indicators, included birthweight, age, the number of the mother's children, and maternal or newborn pathology. These indicators are related to susceptibilities of the infant. Set 2, termed "family incompetence" indicators, involved exposure to adverse conditions. 1 risk factor affecting only 3.5% of the mothers surveyed but having the highest predictive value (highest probability of failure to attain normal growth) was designated "lack of maternal interest in the child." This was based on observations recorded by a sociologist or social worker during an interview, at which the newborn was always present. In other cases, lack of interest was discerned from observation of the mother's behavior, including rough handling of the newborn, inability to comfort it, and especially insensitivity to crying, at time accompanied by refusal to nurse the child. Children were also placed in this category because they were abandoned at the hospital. The overall results show that the instruments devised were able to perform the required function while remaining simple and easy to use.^ieng
Assuntos
Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Chile , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transtornos do Crescimento/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PIP: Mortality rates among infants of mothers under 18 years old and their association with relevant variables were analyzed for the light they could shed on control of infant mortality and morbidity in Chile. Increased attention has been paid in recent years to maternal age, birth weight, and other risk factors in birth and death registration. Adolescent mothers who do not satisfy their own increased nutritional requirements are at greater risk of fetal malnutrition, often associated with low birth weight, high rates of infant mortality, and cerebral damages. 6% of all births in Chile in 1982 were to mothers aged 14-17. But the proportion of births to mothers under 20 has increased in Chile from 9% in 1965 to 17% in 1982. The age specific fertility rate declined for women 15-19 in the same years from 79 to 63/1000, while it declined by 1/2 for women aged 20-34. Infant mortality rates for children of adolescent mothers declined from 68.1/1000 in 1978 to 30/1000 in 1982, but marked rural-urban and regional differentials were noted. The infant mortality rate in 1978 we 43.8/1000 for children of married adolescent mothers and 96.5/1000 for children of unmarried adolescent mothers. Even higher rates were found in rural areas. By 1981, the rates and the magnitude of the differences had decreased, but rates continued to be higher for children of adolescent mothers. Malnutrition continues to be more prevalent among children of adolescent mothers, especially outside of the Santiago metropolitan region. Infant mortality increased with birth order among children of mothers under 18. Children weighing under 2 k can now be sent to centers for treatment of malnutrition when the household is judged to be incompetent for any reason. Such infants gain weight rapidly when they are well fed in a healthy environment. The mothers are instructed in child care at the center.^ieng
Assuntos
Geografia , Educação em Saúde , Mortalidade Infantil , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Estado Civil , Idade Materna , Mortalidade , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Gravidez na Adolescência , População Rural , Terapêutica , População Urbana , Fatores Etários , América , Biologia , Peso ao Nascer , Peso Corporal , Chile , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Educação , Fertilidade , Saúde , América Latina , Casamento , Distúrbios Nutricionais , Pais , Fisiologia , População , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Comportamento Sexual , América do SulRESUMO
En Chile, el perfeccionamiento continuo de los programas de salud infantil y familiar, es el resultado de la formulacion definida e implementacion progresiva y sistematizada de las actividades medicosanitarias pertinentes, en el contexto de una politica intersectorial que ha permitido a su vez el desarrollo economico-social y cultural progresivo del pais. En el marco de referencia expuesto tiene singular importancia, la opcion gubernamental materializada en 1966, en orden a incorporar las actividades de regulacion de la fecundidad en los programas de salud en desarrollo, lo que se ha traducido en una disminucion constante de las tasas de mortalidad materna e infantil y en una tendencia al descenso de la mortalidad. Todo ello ha ocurrido, en un ambiente de amplia aceptacion comunitaria y gubernamental, ya que se ha tenido como finalidad ultima el enriquecimiento de la calidad de la vida, respetando la libre e informada decision de las familias