RESUMO
This study aims to address a critical gap in the literature by examining the incorporation of uncertainty in measuring carbon emissions using the greenhouse gas (GHG) Protocol methodology across all three scopes. By comprehensively considering the various dimensions of CO2 emissions within the context of organizational activities, our research contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge. We address challenges such as data quality issues and a high prevalence of missing values by using information entropy, techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the contextual variables. Our findings, derived from the data sample of 56 companies across 18 sectors and 13 Brazilian states between 2017 and 2019, reveal that Scope 3 emissions exhibit the highest levels of information entropy. Additionally, we highlight the pivotal role of public policies in enhancing the availability of GHG emissions data, which, in turn, positively impacts policy-making practices. By demonstrating the potential for a virtuous cycle between improved information availability and enhanced policy outcomes, our research underscores the importance of addressing uncertainty in carbon emissions measurement for advancing effective climate change mitigation strategies.
Assuntos
Mudança Climática , Gases de Efeito Estufa , Gases de Efeito Estufa/análise , Brasil , Entropia , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Incerteza , Dióxido de Carbono/análiseRESUMO
This study evaluated the effects of 6 weeks of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise on flexibility and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) individuals using 2 biomechanical conditions (fixed frequency [FF] and variable frequency [VF]). Nineteen MetS individuals were randomly allocated in FF-WBV (n = 9, 7 women and 2 men) and VF-WBV (n = 10, 8 women and 2 men) groups. Anterior trunk flexion (ATF) and RPE were determined before and after each session. The acute cumulative exposure effects were analyzed. The FF-WBV group was exposed to 5 Hz on a side alternating vibrating platform (SAVP), exposed to 10 and 50 seconds with the SAVP turned off. The VF-WBV group individuals were intermittently exposed (1 minute WBV exercise/1 minute rest) to 5 to 16 Hz, increased by 1 Hz per session and the peak-to-peak displacement (PPD) were 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm. Regarding to ATF, significant improvements (P < .05) were observed in the in the acute (VF group) and cumulative intervention (FF and VF-WBV groups). The RPE significantly (P < .05) improved only in VF-WBV (cumulative intervention). In conclusion, WBV exercise improved the flexibility and decreased the RPE in MetS individuals. These findings suggest that WBV exercise can be incorporated into physical activities for MetS individuals.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review the literature about the effect of whole body vibration exercise in the BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis without medications. METHODS: A systematic review was performed. RESULTS: The frequency of the mechanical vibration used in the protocols has varied from 12 to 90 Hz. The time used in the protocols varied from 2 up to 22 months. Techniques with X-rays were used in nine of the twelve publications analyzed, the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in eight studies and the High resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in one publication. The concentration of some biomarkers was determined, as the sclerostin, the bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide X and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Among the twelve articles analyzed, seven of them have shown an improvement of the BMD of some bone of postmenopausal women exposed to whole body vibration exercises not associated to medications; as well as modifications in biomarkers.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Osteoporose Pós-Menopausa/reabilitação , Vibração/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
In February 1992, an epidemic of cholera began in Argentina. The first known case appeared in an aborigine population living by the Pilcomayo river on the Bolivian border. By the end of that year, 551 cases and 15 deaths were reported to the health authorities. Epidemiological analysis helped identify the pattern of transmission of the disease in this region of South America. Polluted watercourses and little pools, formed after the rainy season, were identified as the single source of infection for subsequent cases. Then, the epidemic adopted a person-to-person pattern of transmission and was propagated over a long course with weekly occurrence. Anthropological, cultural, and other factors that contributed to the origin and spread of cholera in northern Argentina are described in this study.
Assuntos
Cólera/transmissão , Surtos de Doenças , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Cólera/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
"In the first part of the article the vital statistics system of the Republic of Argentina is presented, highlighting its characteristics as a data source, the integrity of its death records, the quality of the medical certification as to the cause of death by means of indirect indicators and the under registration of maternal causes. In the second part, the results of a research on maternal mortality carried out in the Federal Capital from 1987 to 1989, which was later extended to other jurisdictions of the country (Cordoba, Tucuman and Corrientes), is synthesized.... The principal objectives were...to know the real structure of maternal mortality in the Federal Capital and to identify the factors associated with it, in order to orient the activity of the health services and reduce these deaths." (SUMMARY IN ENG)