RESUMO
In a study of the phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a forest reserve in Recife, Pernambuco state, north-eastern Brazil, the sandflies landing on human bait between 1.00 and 1.42 h after sunset were collected weekly for 2 years. Although 10,287 sandflies of 10 Lutzomyia species were collected, almost all (96.5%) of the sandflies caught were Lu. umbratilis. This species and several others caught are potential vectors of some of the Leishmania parasites that cause human disease. The recorded landing rate for Lu. umbratilis peaked, at the high level of 333.3 flies/person-hour, during the collections made in May 2003.The relative rarity in the collections of males of some of the species caught probably indicates that these species do not lek on their bloodmeal sources. It is likely that the sizes of the local populations of species that are not very anthrophilic, such as Lu. flaviscutellata, are much larger than indicated by the collections made on human bait.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores , Psychodidae , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Razão de MasculinidadeRESUMO
Eighty dogs from a locality west of the Conceição Lagoon, in the Santa Catarina Island, Florianópolis Municipality, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were examined for dirofilariasis by thick smear and by modified Knott's method. Twelve of them (15%) were positive, five only by Knott's, two only by thick smear and five by both methods. Positive dogs were observed in several parts of the locality, indicating that the parasite is widespread. Prevalence was significantly higher in older animals. Size, sex, hair length, place of sleeping and hour of blood collection did not significantly influence the results. Forty dogs of the Military Police kennel, at São José Municipality, Santa Catarina State, were all negative. Studies on the transmission and control of dirofilariasis in the region should be developed.
Assuntos
Dirofilaria immitis/isolamento & purificação , Dirofilariose/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Dirofilariose/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Masculino , Parasitemia/veterinária , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The phlebotomine sandfly fauna of a primary forest reserve at Morretes (eastern Paraná State) was studied, using CDC-like light traps, one night per month, at canopy and ground level, between April 1995 and March 1996. A total of 3,106 insects were collected, identified as belonging to nine species. Lutzomyia ayrozai and Lu.geniculata were predominant, seven other species also being present. Monthly mean temperature, rainfall and the temperature of the collection night significantly influenced the numbers of Lu. ayrozai while the two first factors influenced the numbers of Lu. geniculata, besides the collected quantities of females of the two species. The influence of the factors on Lu. ayrozai numbers was more immediate than in those of Lu. geniculata. Numbers of both species and of the females of Lu. geniculata collected in different seasons, but not at the different heights, varied significantly. Differences between the behaviour of Lu. ayrozai in Morretes and in other regions could be attributed to environmental differences and/or to regional variations in the species, which could constitute species complexes. Hourly variations of collections were different in the species and seasons.
Assuntos
Phlebotomus , Animais , Brasil , Demografia , Ecologia , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do Ano , ÁrvoresRESUMO
The phlebotomine sandfly fauna of a primary forest reserve at Morretes (eastern Paraná State) was studied, using CDC-like light traps, one night per month, at canopy and ground level, between April 1995 and March 1996. A total of 3,106 insects were collected, identified as belonging to nine species. Lutzomyia ayrozai and Lu.geniculata were predominant, seven other species also being present. Monthly mean temperature, rainfall and the temperature of the collection night significantly influenced the numbers of Lu. ayrozai while the two first factors influenced the numbers of Lu. geniculata, besides the collected quantities of females of the two species. The influence of the factors on Lu. ayrozai numbers was more immediate than in those of Lu. geniculata. Numbers of both species and of the females of Lu. geniculata collected in different seasons, but not at the different heights, varied significantly. Differences between the behaviour of Lu. ayrozai in Morretes and in other regions could be attributed to environmental differences and/or to regional variations in the species, which could constitute species complexes. Hourly variations of collections were different in the species and seasons.
A fauna de flebotomíneos de uma reserva de floresta primária em Morretes (leste do Estado do Paraná) foi estudada, utilizando armadilhas luminosas tipo CDC, uma noite por mês, no nível do solo e da copa, entre abril de 1995 e março de 1996. Um total de 3.106 insetos foi coletado. Lu. ayrozai e Lu. geniculata foram predominantes, além de outras sete espécies. A temperatura média mensal, a pluviosidade e a temperatura na noite de coleta influenciaram significativamente as quantidades de Lu. ayrozai e os dois primeiros fatores influenciaram Lu. geniculata, além das quantidades de fêmeas coletadas de ambas as espécies. A influência do aumento dos fatores nas quantidades de Lu. ayrozai foi mais imediata que nas de Lu. geniculata. As quantidades coletadas de ambas as espécies e das fêmeas de Lu. geniculata nas estações, mas não nas alturas, foram significativamente diferentes. As diferenças entre os comportamentos de Lu. ayrozai em Morretes e em outras regiões poderiam ser atribuídas a diferenças ambientais e/ou a variações regionais na espécie, que poderia constituir um complexo de espécies. As variações horárias nas coletas foram diferentes nas espécies e estações.
Assuntos
Animais , Phlebotomus , Brasil , Demografia , Ecologia , Dinâmica Populacional , Estações do Ano , ÁrvoresRESUMO
Lutzomyia umbratilis, a known vector of Leishmania guyanensis in the north of Amazon basin, has been exclusively found in the Amazonian region. Here we report for the first time the occurrence of this species in northeastern Brazil. The epidemiological importance of the occurrence of this species in the Atlantic Forest is commented.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Feminino , Masculino , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The females of the two species of the Lutzomyia intermedia complex can be easily distinguished, but the males of each species are quite similar. The ratios between the extra-genital and the genital structures of L. neivai are larger than those of L. intermedia s. s., according to ANOVA. An artificial neural network was trained with a set of 300 examples, randomly taken from a sample of 358 individuals. The input vectors consisted of several ratios between some structures of each insect. The model was tested on the remaining 58 insects, 56 of which (96.6%) were correctly identified. This ratio of success can be considered remarkable if one takes into account the difficulty of attaining comparable results using traditional statistical techniques.
Assuntos
Insetos Vetores/anatomia & histologia , Redes Neurais de Computação , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , Genitália , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Caracteres Sexuais , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The influence of altitude and latitude on some structure sizes of Lutzomyia intermedia was noted; several structures of insects collected in higher localities were greater, according to Bergmann's rule. This influence was more remarkable in two localities of the State of Espírito Santo, probably due to greater differences in altitude. Comparing insects from different latitudes, more differences were noted in comparisons of insects from low altitude localities than in those of material from higher altitudes. The small number of differences between insects collected in July and in December does not indicate a defined influence of season and temperature on the size of adults. The possible epidemiological implications of these variations are discussed.
Assuntos
Altitude , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologia , Estações do Ano , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoAssuntos
Altitude , Dicionários como Assunto , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Feminino , MasculinoAssuntos
Psychodidae/anatomia & histologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Hidrato de Cloral , Dessecação , Etanol , Feminino , Fixadores , MasculinoAssuntos
Psychodidae/classificação , Animais , Bolívia , Humanos , Psychodidae/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
The geographical distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies of the Lutzomyia intermedia complex is presented, based in collections for this study and in personal informations from other workers and bibliography. The subject is discussed, in relation to climate and to altitude and latitude. Lutzomyia intermedia s.s. was found in smaller altitudes and latitudes than Lutzomyia neivai; the last species seems to be better adapted to colder and drier climates than the first.
Assuntos
Ecologia , Psychodidae/classificação , Animais , Argentina , Bolívia , BrasilRESUMO
A distribuição geográfica de flebotomíneos pertencentes a Lutzomyia intermedia s.l. é mostrada, baseada em coletas destes insetos para o presente estudo e em informações da bibliografia e de informações pessoais. O assunto é discutido, em relação ao clima e à altitude e latitude. Lutzomyia intermedia s.s. foi encontrada em latitudes e altitudes menores que Lutzomyia neivai, indicando melhor adaptação desta a climas mais frios e secos.
The geographical distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies of the Lutzomyia intermedia complex is presented, based in collections for this study and in personal informations from other workers and bibliography. The subject is discussed, in relation to climate and to altitude and latitude. Lutzomyia intermedia s.s. was found in smaller altitudes and latitudes than Lutzomyia neivai; the last species seems to be better adapted to colder and drier climates than the first.
Assuntos
Animais , Ecologia , Psychodidae/classificação , Argentina , Bolívia , BrasilRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Lutzomyia intermedia s. s. and L. neivai, usually considered as belonging to just one species, constitute a complex of species. The measurements of several anatomical structures of specimens of both groups, from Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia were analysed. METHOD: Thirty-nine structures were measured in specimens of both sexes, using a graduated ocular, analysing comparisons by analyses of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: A significant deviation in the proportions of females and males showing each palpal formula and the influence of the region of origin of the flies were verified. Labrum and maxilary palps were longer in females and Antennomere III was longer of males. Several significant differences in the measurements of wings were noted, most of them greater in females. The proportion of spermathecae with simple heads was significantly greater in L. neivai than in L. intermedia. Significant differences in the length of genital pump and filaments between the species were also noted. DISCUSSION: The variation in the palpal formulae in both sexes show the risk of the use of this formula for the association between specimens of the two sexes. The differences in the lengths of palps and labrum between the sexes could be related to female blood feeding. The possible biological significance of the sexual differential relation length/width of wings is commented on. The different proportions of females of the two species with each spermathecae head shape may help in identification. The differences in the lengths of genital pumps and filaments and the relation between them could help in the identification of males, which is still difficult.
Assuntos
Psychodidae/anatomia & histologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Argentina , Bolívia , Brasil , Ecologia , Feminino , Masculino , Paraguai , Psychodidae/classificação , Psychodidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia (Lutz & Neiva) is redescribed, a neotype is designated, and a very similar species, L. (N.) neivai (Pinto, 1926), is ressurrected; the male and the female are redescribed. The two species can be differentiated by differences in the spermathecae, common ducts and number of cibarial horizontal teeth of the females and in the size and proportions of several structures of both sexes. The know geographical distribution of both species is given.
Assuntos
Animais , Rhodnius/fisiologia , Rhodnius/classificaçãoRESUMO
Deltamethrin in emulsion concentrate was applied in doses of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0mg/m2, in households near the littoral of the State of Paraíba, where sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis were reported. There was a remarkable decrease in populations of several arthropods, including Lutzomyia longipalpis. This insect, however, was found again in some treated walls, 14 and 21 days after spraying. Statistical analysis indicated significant control for only two four-weeks periods, with extreme irregularity in the quantity captured.
Assuntos
Inseticidas , Phlebotomus , Piretrinas , Animais , Brasil , Avaliação de Medicamentos , NitrilasRESUMO
We compared, for Triatoma brasiliensis, the egg-laying process and the mortality of adults under conditions of almost permanent darkness and with normal laboratory luminosity. Mortality did not differ between groups. The egg-laying per vial and per female was significantly greater in the group of normal luminosity. We consider that it is not recommendable to keep the adults of this species under complete darkness. Other biological aspects should be analysed in relation to luminosity.