RESUMO

This study aimed to assess the effects of environmental enrichment for pigs during transportation in different phases of their productive cycle. Two trials were conducted, the first during transportation of pigs from the piglet production unit (PPU) to the nursery (n = 250) and the second during the transportation of nonhuman animals from the finishing unit (FU) to the slaughterhouse (n = 120). This work was an observational study with five environmental enrichments: Control - no enrichment; object - use of enrichment objects in the truck; aroma - use of lavender aroma in the truck; music - music in the truck; and vehicle sound. Animal behavior during transportation, respiratory rate, skin surface temperature, and skin lesion score were assessed. Piglets from the treatment music had the lowest frequency of agonistic behaviors during transportation from the farrowing to the nursery and lower skin temperature after transportation. Piglets from the control had the highest respiratory rate prior to transportation. Pigs familiarized with vehicle noises spent most of their time lying during the trip to the slaughterhouse. The creation of a familiar environment to pigs seems promising in enhancing animal well-being during transportation.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Entre os minerais que demandam estudo na nutrição animal, o sódio se destaca pelas funções que exerce no organismo, como o transporte e a absorção de nutrientes pelas células, a transmissão de impulsos nervosos e o balanço eletrolítico. Ingredientes provenientes de fontes de origem animal possuem maiores níveis de sódio, entretanto as formulações de rações utilizadas na alimentação de frangos de corte são feitas com base no milho e no farelo de soja, tornando-se necessária a suplementação de sódio na alimentação das aves. No entanto a exigência de sódio em frangos de corte pode ser influenciada pelo sexo, pela fase de produção, pelas condições ambientais, pelo tipo de linhagem e pelas interrelações dos minerais. Dessa forma, é importante determinar os níveis ideais de sódio na alimentação e em cada fase de produção para que o crescimento dos frangos seja maximizado. Portanto, o objetivo com essa revisão de literatura foi expor a importância do sódio na alimentação de frangos de corte.

Among the minerals that require study in animal nutrition, sodium is notable for its functions in the body, such as transport and absorption of nutrients by cells, transmission of nerve impulses and electrolyte balance. Ingredients from sources of animal origin have higher levels of sodium; however, rations formulations used to feeding broilers are based on corn and soybean meal, making it necessary to supplement sodium in poultry feeding. However, the requirement of sodium in broilers can be influencedby sex, production stage, environmental conditions, lineage type and interrelations of minerals. In this way, it is important to determine the optimal levels of sodium in the feeding and at each stage of production so that its growth is maximized. Therefore, the objective with this literature review was to expose the importance of sodium in the feeding of broilers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Entre os minerais que demandam estudo na nutrição animal, o sódio se destaca pelas funções que exerce no organismo, como o transporte e a absorção de nutrientes pelas células, a transmissão de impulsos nervosos e o balanço eletrolítico. Ingredientes provenientes de fontes de origem animal possuem maiores níveis de sódio, entretanto as formulações de rações utilizadas na alimentação de frangos de corte são feitas com base no milho e no farelo de soja, tornando-se necessária a suplementação de sódio na alimentação das aves. No entanto a exigência de sódio em frangos de corte pode ser influenciada pelo sexo, pela fase de produção, pelas condições ambientais, pelo tipo de linhagem e pelas interrelações dos minerais. Dessa forma, é importante determinar os níveis ideais de sódio na alimentação e em cada fase de produção para que o crescimento dos frangos seja maximizado. Portanto, o objetivo com essa revisão de literatura foi expor a importância do sódio na alimentação de frangos de corte.(AU)

Among the minerals that require study in animal nutrition, sodium is notable for its functions in the body, such as transport and absorption of nutrients by cells, transmission of nerve impulses and electrolyte balance. Ingredients from sources of animal origin have higher levels of sodium; however, rations formulations used to feeding broilers are based on corn and soybean meal, making it necessary to supplement sodium in poultry feeding. However, the requirement of sodium in broilers can be influencedby sex, production stage, environmental conditions, lineage type and interrelations of minerals. In this way, it is important to determine the optimal levels of sodium in the feeding and at each stage of production so that its growth is maximized. Therefore, the objective with this literature review was to expose the importance of sodium in the feeding of broilers.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Arthritis implies inflammation of the intra-articular structures and is one of the causes of condemnation in broilers. The disease is associated with infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, which may pose a potential public health risk. This work was conducted with the objective to determine the occurrence of arthritis in broiler chickens, predominantly of bacterial staphylococcal origin and if there is a difference between the degrees of injury regarding the presence of the bacterium and the histological lesion. Sixty samples of chickens diagnosed with arthritis by Federal Inspection Service from commercial slaughterhouse were collected according to their severity (of mild and severe degree) and submitted to bacteriological and histopathological analysis. There was bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus in 3.3% of the samples classified as mild degree in 10% of the samples classified as severe grade of lesion (p=0,29). For histopathological evaluation, 16.67% and 70% of the samples presented inflammatory infiltrate in mild and severe degrees, respectively (p=0,0001). Mild degree arthritis is related to non-infectious lesions in their higher prevalence while severe-grade arthritis has infectious causes. The condemnation criteria were efficient since S. aureus could be present regardless of the degree of the lesion diagnosed in arthritis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Arthritis implies inflammation of the intra-articular structures and is one of the causes of condemnation in broilers. The disease is associated with infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus, which may pose a potential public health risk. This work was conducted with the objective to determine the occurrence of arthritis in broiler chickens, predominantly of bacterial staphylococcal origin and if there is a difference between the degrees of injury regarding the presence of the bacterium and the histological lesion. Sixty samples of chickens diagnosed with arthritis by Federal Inspection Service from commercial slaughterhouse were collected according to their severity (of mild and severe degree) and submitted to bacteriological and histopathological analysis. There was bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus in 3.3% of the samples classified as mild degree in 10% of the samples classified as severe grade of lesion (p=0,29). For histopathological evaluation, 16.67% and 70% of the samples presented inflammatory infiltrate in mild and severe degrees, respectively (p=0,0001). Mild degree arthritis is related to non-infectious lesions in their higher prevalence while severe-grade arthritis has infectious causes. The condemnation criteria were efficient since S. aureus could be present regardless of the degree of the lesion diagnosed in arthritis.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to study the behavior of swine females in the grower phase using different observation intervals (continuous, 5, and 10 min). A total of 42 swine were used, 14 of them for each treatment, which were identified with a marker stick. These animals were observed using the focal sampling method for 5 h. The treatments were the observation intervals: continuous, every 5 min, and every 10 min. Among the behaviors analyzed during the experiment, the different observation intervals did not affect the estimated time spent in the activities. Time observation intervals of 10 min or less adequately describe the duration of the main behavioral parameters of female pigs in this setting.(AU)

Assuntos