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PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to assess the effects of orthopedic functional appliances for anterior open bite (AOB) in primary or mixed dentition children. METHODS: A search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted in November 2020 in electronic databases with no data or language restrictions. Primary outcomes were skeletal cephalometric variables and adverse events. We used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool to assess methodological quality and the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS: We identified five RCTs (220 participants). Very low certainty evidence showed an improvement in overbite (mean difference [MD] 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.63-4.57) and in the angulation of the upper incisors to the palatal plane (MD 3.70; 95% CI 0.85-6.55) with Frankel's functional regulator, compared to no treatment. There was no difference in the measured cephalometric variables when comparing removable palatal crib to fixed palatal crib, bonded spurs, and chin cup. When comparing removable versus magnetic bite blocks, a beneficial effect was observed in overbite, overjet, skeletal anteroposterior angular measurements, and skeletal vertical linear measures in the magnetic group. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: There was insufficient evidence to infer the effects of these treatments for AOB, and high-quality RCTs are needed to increase the estimated effects. PROSPERO REGISTER: CRD42020175634, prospectively registered (05 July 2020).

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Introduction: Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) have been shown to be good carriers of calcium, phosphate, and hydroxide ions to promote enamel remineralization with applications in oral care products, professional dental products, and food products. Objectives: Evaluate the cytotoxicity of a casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste in rat fibroblasts. Materials and methods: Cytotoxicity was measured by the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and the MTT assay. Results: Long term (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) and short term tests (0, 4, 8, and 12 hours) were performed with the Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskall Wallis tests. After one day, the cell viability of the CPP-ACP study group was between 80 and 100%. In the short term experiments, a reduction of cell viability in the study group was observed compared with the control group; yet viable cells were present over the evaluation period. With the MTT assay, a viability of 76.43% was observed in the study group, a significant difference from the control group (P = 0.003). Conclusion: CPP-ACP paste demonstrates low cytotoxicity in rat fibroblast culture.

Introdução: A caseína fosfopeptídea (CPP) tem demonstrado ser uma provedora de cálcio, fosfato e hidróxido, capaz de promover a remineralização do esmalte dentário, sendo utilizada em produtos de higiene oral, materiais dentários e alimentos. Objetivos: Avaliar a citotoxicidade da pasta a base de caseína (CPP-ACP) em fibroblastos de ratos. Materiais e métodos: A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pelos testes de exclusão azul de Tripan e MTT. Resultados: Testes de longo prazo (1, 3, 5 e 7 dias) e de curto prazo (0, 4, 8 e 12 horas) foram realizados com o teste azul de Tripan. Os dados foram analisados com os testes de ANOVA e Kruskall Wallis. Após um dia, a viabilidade celular do grupo de estudo CPP-ACP estava entre 80 e 100%. Nos experimentos de curto prazo, uma redução de viabilidade celular no grupo de estudo foi observada em relação ao grupo controle, mas as células viáveis foram observados durante todo o período de avaliação. Com o método MTT, foi observada no grupo de estudo a viabilidade de 76,43% f, com diferença significativa do grupo controle (P = 0,003). Conclusão: A pasta CPP-ACP demonstra baixa citotoxicidade em cultura de fibroblastos de ratos.

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Uno de los principales objetivos en el manejo del paciente pediátrico con caries es la utilización de técnicas no invasivas, que permitan el tratamiento de la patología dentaria sin afectar el comportamiento del niño. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la reacción de niños y registrar su sensación mientras recibían tratamiento de caries dentinal utilizando elementos rotatorios de baja velocidad, en comparación al tratamiento químico mecánico de caries dentinal en dentición decidua. Participaron en el estudio 36 niños, entre 4 y 8 años de edad. Se utilizó un diseño de estudio al azar de sección cruzada de manera tal que cada niño sirviera como su propio control, recibiendo cada tratamiento en cada lado de la misma arcada. Cada paciente era asignado al azar para recibir el tratamiento con elementos rotatorios o tratamiento químico mecánico en la primera visita, administrándosele el restante en la segunda visita. Luego de su tratamiento, todos los dientes fueron obturados con ionómero de vidrio fotopolimerizable. Para la evaluación objetiva de la reacción de los niños se aplicó la Escala de Comportamiento ante el Dolor Modificada. Inmediatamente después de realizado el tratamiento, se solicitaba a los niños que llenaran el formulario que contenía la Escala Facial para Registro del Dolor de Wong-Baker (Facial Pain Scale) para la evaluación subjetiva. El tratamiento químico mecánico demostró ser un procedimiento mejor aceptado por los pacientes pediátricos que el tratamiento con elementos rotatorios de baja velocidad.

One of the main objectives during the pedodontics assistance is the use of noninvasive techniques, that allow the treatment of the dental caries without affecting the behavior of the child. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reaction of children and to register its sensations during the treatment of dental caries in deciduous teeth, using low speed cutting rotatory instruments in comparison to the chemical and mechanical caries removal treatment. 36 children participated in the study, between 4 and 8 years of age. A cross section study design was used and each child served like his own control, receiving the two treatment in teeth of the same arches. Each patient one was selected randomly to receive the treatment with rotatory instruments or the chemical and mechanical treatment in the first visit, administered him to it the rest treatment in the second visit. After their treatment, all the teeth were restorated with light-curing glass ionomer. For the objective evaluation of the reaction of the children the Behavior Scale in the Modified Pain was applied. Immediately after the treatment, one asked for the children who filled the form that contained the Wong-Baker’s Face Scale for Registry of the Pain (Face Pain Scale) for the subjective evaluation. The chemical-mechanical treatment demostrated to be more accepted for the children in comparasion to the treatment with cutting rotatory istruments.

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