RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Studies regarding the epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are lacking in Argentina. Our purpose was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of SLE in a university hospital-based health management organisation in Buenos Aires (HIMCP). METHODS: For incidence calculation, the population at risk included all adult members of the HIMCP, with continuous affiliation for at least 1â year from January 1998 to January 2009. Each person was followed until he/she voluntarily left the HIMCP, death or finalisation of the study. Multiple methods for case finding were used to ensure complete ascertainment: (a) patients with problem SLE, undifferentiated autoimmune disease or mixed connective tissue disease in the Computer-based Patient Record System, (b) patients with positive antinuclear antibody test, anti-Sm antibodies and/or anti-dsDNA antibodies in the laboratory database and (c) patients who consumed hydroxichloroquine, chloroquine, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, cyclosporine or rituximab, from the administrative HIMCP drugs database. Medical records of all patients found were reviewed, and only patients fulfilling ACR criteria for SLE were included. Global and gender incidence rate (IR) was calculated. Prevalence was estimated on 1 January 2009, and the denominator population was the number of active members >18â years at that date (n=127â 959). RESULTS: In the study period, 68 patients developed SLE. The observed IR (per 100â 000 person-years, (CI 95%)) was 6.3 (4.9 to 7.7) for total population; 8.9 (CI 6.6 to 11.2) for women and 2.6 (1.2 to 3.9) for men. On 1 January 2009, 75 prevalent cases were identified. Prevalence rates (cases per 100â 000 habitants, (CI 95%)) were 58.6 (46.1 to 73.5) for total population; 83.2 (63.9 to 106.4) for women and 23 (CI 11.9 to 40.1) for men. CONCLUSIONS: SLE incidence and prevalence rates in Argentina are in agreement with those of other studies from different parts of the world.
RESUMO
Annelid worms represent a significant part of freshwater benthic communities worldwide and Oligochaeta is a particularly species-rich group. Dero (A) bimagnasetus (Naididae) previously found and described from a small marsh in Surinam in 1974, has now been found for the first time in Barra Lake, MG, Brazil. Due to the scarce biological data and absence of ecological information in the literature regarding this species we are presenting morphological information on the specimens obtained and the physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat they were found. This species occurred only in the littoral zone of Barra Lake, in muddy, low oxygen, low conductivity and low organic matter sediment. The four individuals collected ranged 3.17-4.15 mm total length; 0.25 - 0.26 mm body width and 0.16-0.21 mm3 total volume. Considering the present anthropic pressures on freshwater biota and fast biodiversity losses worldwide it is now recognized that attention must be paid to low abundance species and the urgency for preservation of their habitats.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Oligoquetos/anatomia & histologia , Oligoquetos/classificação , Animais , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Lagos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Annelid worms represent a significant part of freshwater benthic communities worldwide and Oligochaeta is a particularly species-rich group. Dero (A) bimagnasetus (Naididae) previously found and described from a small marsh in Surinam in 1974, has now been found for the first time in Barra Lake, MG, Brazil. Due to the scarce biological data and absence of ecological information in the literature regarding this species we are presenting morphological information on the specimens obtained and the physical and chemical characteristics of the habitat they were found. This species occurred only in the littoral zone of Barra Lake, in muddy, low oxygen, low conductivity and low organic matter sediment. The four individuals collected ranged 3.17-4.15 mm total length; 0.25 - 0.26 mm body width and 0.16-0.21 mm3 total volume. Considering the present anthropic pressures on freshwater biota and fast biodiversity losses worldwide it is now recognized that attention must be paid to low abundance species and the urgency for preservation of their habitats.(AU)
Vermes anelídeos representam uma parte significativa das comunidades de água doce em todo o mundo e Oligochaeta é um grupo particularmente rico em espécies. Dero (A) bimagnasetus (Naididae) havia sido encontrado e descrito em um pequeno pântano no Suriname em 1974, e agora também coletado na lagoa Barra, MG, Brasil. Devido ao baixo número de espécimes coletados e à ausência de informações ecológicas sobre esta espécie, estamos apresentando informações sobre a morfometria dos espécimes obtidos e as características físicas e químicas de seu habitat. Esta espécie ocorreu apenas na região litorânea da lagoa da Barra, em sedimento lamacento e com pouca matéria orgânica, baixa concentração de oxigênio e baixa condutividade elétrica na água. Os quatro indivíduos encontrados tiveram 3,17-4,15 mm de comprimento total; 0,25-0,26 mm de largura e 0,16-0,21 mm3 de biovolume. Considerando as atuais pressões antrópicas sobre a biota de água doce e as rápidas perdas de biodiversidade em todo o mundo, é agora reconhecido que muita atenção deve ser dada às espécies pouco abundantes e que é urgentemente necessário preservar seus habitats.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ecossistema , Oligoquetos/anatomia & histologia , Oligoquetos/classificação , Biodiversidade , Brasil , Monitoramento Ambiental , Lagos , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The damming of a river causes dangerous consequences on structure of the environment downstream of the dam, modifying the sediment composition, which impose major adjustments in longitudinal distribution of benthic community. The construction of Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Dam in the Upper Paraná River has caused impacts on the aquatic communities, which are not yet fully known. This work aimed to provide more information about the effects of this impoundment on the structure of Chironomidae larvae assemblage. The analysis of data of physical and chemical variables in relation to biological data of 8 longitudinal sections in the Upper Paraná River showed that composition of Chironomidae larvae of stations near Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Dam differed of the other stations (farther of the Dam). The predominance of coarse sediments at stations upstream and finer sediments further downstream affected the choice of habitat by different morphotypes of Chironomidae and it caused a change in the structure of this assemblage in the longitudinal stretch.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Chironomidae/classificação , Monitoramento Ambiental , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Rios/química , Animais , Brasil , Larva , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
The damming of a river causes dangerous consequences on structure of the environment downstream of the dam, modifying the sediment composition, which impose major adjustments in longitudinal distribution of benthic community. The construction of Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Dam in the Upper Paraná River has caused impacts on the aquatic communities, which are not yet fully known. This work aimed to provide more information about the effects of this impoundment on the structure of Chironomidae larvae assemblage. The analysis of data of physical and chemical variables in relation to biological data of 8 longitudinal sections in the Upper Paraná River showed that composition of Chironomidae larvae of stations near Engenheiro Sérgio Motta Dam differed of the other stations (farther of the Dam). The predominance of coarse sediments at stations upstream and finer sediments further downstream affected the choice of habitat by different morphotypes of Chironomidae and it caused a change in the structure of this assemblage in the longitudinal stretch.(AU)
O barramento de um rio pode causar graves consequências sobre a natureza do ambiente, abaixo da barragem, modificando a composição do sedimento, as quais impõem importantes ajustes da distribuição longitudinal das comunidades bentônicas. A construção da Usina Hidrelétrica Engenheiro Sérgio Motta no alto rio Paraná, tem causado impactos em várias comunidades aquáticas, que ainda não são totalmente conhecidos. Este trabalho objetivou fornecer mais informações sobre os efeitos desse represamento na assembleia de Chironomidae. A análise das variáveis físicas e químicas em relação aos dados biológicos de oito transectos longitudinais no alto rio Paraná revelou que a composição das larvas de Chironomidae das estações mais próximas à barragem da Usina Engenheiro Sérgio Motta diferiu das demais (estações mais distantes). A predominância de sedimentos mais grosseiros nas estações a montante e sedimentos mais finos mais a jusante afetou a escolha de habitat pelos diferentes morfotipos de Chironomidae, que levou a alteração na estrutura desta assembleia ao longo do trecho amostrado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Chironomidae/classificação , Barragens/efeitos adversos , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , BrasilRESUMO
The Oligochaeta forms an important part of the macroinvertebrates inhabiting sediments of lotic ecosystems. It has an important role in the cycling of matter and energy transfer in these environments. The aim of this study is to analyse limnological variables, their influence on the structure and diversity of benthic oligochaete taxocenosis in a stretch of the Upper São Francisco River and its tributary the Piumhi River. Samples were taken in two climatic periods, the dry season in October 2006 and 2007 and the rainy season in March 2007 and 2008 at three points along the Piumhi River and six points along the São Francisco River. The sediment of the São Francisco consisted predominantly of sand and clay, whereas the sediment of the Piumhi was mainly sandy. Six species of oligochaete occurred in the Piumhi River while seven were found in the São Francisco. Of these, Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925, Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937, Bothrioneurum sp. Stolc, 1888 and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 occurred in the sediment of both rivers. L. hoffmeisteri showed the highest numerical abundance in the Piumhi River and Brinkhurstia americana (Brinkhurst, 1964) and L. neotropicus Cernosvitov, 1939 were the most abundant species in the São Francisco River. The highest oligochaete density was recorded in the Piumhi during the dry seasons. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) of sediment characteristics explained most of the data variability and the association of the presence of oligochaete species in the Piumhi and São Francisco Rivers with the limnological variables (grain size composition and total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the sediment).
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Oligoquetos/classificação , Rios/química , Animais , Brasil , Meio Ambiente , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Densidade Demográfica , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) is native to South America and inhabits lowlands from southern Mexico to Central Argentina and Uruguay. This grasshopper is host-specific to aquatic plants of the genera Eichhornia and Pontederia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper C. aquaticum in relationship to development stages and sex and to determine the food consumption rate in their host plant, Eichhornia crassipes. Samples were collected from April 2006 to May 2007 in different floodplain lakes of the Middle Parana River. The average consumption was greater in the females (0.127 g food/day ± 0.051) than in the males (0.060 g food/day ± 0.025). The feces of 361 nymphs and adults of this locust were examined and the most common tissue fragments found were of the water hyacinth (E. crassipes). In the initial nymphal stages (I, II and III), an exclusive consumption of E. crassipes was registered, while in the IV and V stages the choice included also other macrophytes. In summary, C. aquaticum presents polyphagy in the field, feeding on six macrophytes of different classes and families.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Gafanhotos/fisiologia , Animais , Argentina , RiosRESUMO
The Oligochaeta forms an important part of the macroinvertebrates inhabiting sediments of lotic ecosystems. It has an important role in the cycling of matter and energy transfer in these environments. The aim of this study is to analyse limnological variables, their influence on the structure and diversity of benthic oligochaete taxocenosis in a stretch of the Upper São Francisco River and its tributary the Piumhi River. Samples were taken in two climatic periods, the dry season in October 2006 and 2007 and the rainy season in March 2007 and 2008 at three points along the Piumhi River and six points along the São Francisco River. The sediment of the São Francisco consisted predominantly of sand and clay, whereas the sediment of the Piumhi was mainly sandy. Six species of oligochaete occurred in the Piumhi River while seven were found in the São Francisco. Of these, Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925, Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937, Bothrioneurum sp. Stolc, 1888 and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 occurred in the sediment of both rivers. L. hoffmeisteri showed the highest numerical abundance in the Piumhi River and Brinkhurstia americana (Brinkhurst, 1964) and L. neotropicus Cernosvitov, 1939 were the most abundant species in the São Francisco River. The highest oligochaete density was recorded in the Piumhi during the dry seasons. Canonical correspondence analyses (CCA) of sediment characteristics explained most of the data variability and the association of the presence of oligochaete species in the Piumhi and São Francisco Rivers with the limnological variables (grain size composition and total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the sediment).
Os Oligochaeta constituem uma parte importante dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos que habitam os sedimentos dos ecossistemas lóticos e tem papel relevante na ciclagem da matéria e transferência de energia nestes ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as variáveis limnológicas e suas incidências sobre a estrutura e a diversidade da taxocenose de Oligochaeta presentes na comunidade bentônica de um trecho do alto rio São Francisco e de seu tributário, rio Piumhi. As coletas foram realizadas em dois períodos climáticos, o seco em outubro de 2006 e 2007 e o chuvoso em março de 2007 e 2008, amostrando-se três pontos no rio Piumhi e seis pontos no rio São Francisco. Os sedimentos do rio São Francisco foram predominantemente arenosos e argilosos, e no rio Piumhi ocorreram principalmente substratos arenosos. No rio Piumhi, ocorreram seis espécies de oligoquetos, enquanto que no rio São Francisco registrou-se a presença de sete espécies. Destas, Pristina synclites Stephenson, 1925, Pristina americana Cernosvitov, 1937, Bothrioneurum sp. Stolc, 1888 e Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede, 1862 ocorreram no sedimento de ambos os rios. L. hoffmeisteri foi registrada com maior abundância numérica no rio Piumhi e Brinkhurstia americana (Brinkhurst, 1964) e L. neotropicus Cernosvitov, 1939 foram as espécies mais abundantes no rio São Francisco. Os maiores valores de densidade foram registrados no rio Piumhi durante os períodos secos. As análises de correspondência canônica (CCA) para as características do sedimento permitiram explicar a variabilidade dos dados, associando a composição de espécies Oligochaeta, presentes nos rios Piumhi e São Francisco, com as variáveis limnológicas (composição granulométrica e concentrações de nitrogênio e fósforo total no sedimento).
Assuntos
Animais , Biodiversidade , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Oligoquetos/classificação , Rios/química , Brasil , Meio Ambiente , Nitrogênio/análise , Densidade Demográfica , Fósforo/análise , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The aquatic grasshopper Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) is native to South America and inhabits lowlands from southern Mexico to Central Argentina and Uruguay. This grasshopper is host-specific to aquatic plants of the genera Eichhornia and Pontederia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the feeding patterns of the aquatic grasshopper C. aquaticum in relationship to development stages and sex and to determine the food consumption rate in their host plant, Eichhornia crassipes. Samples were collected from April 2006 to May 2007 in different floodplain lakes of the Middle Parana River. The average consumption was greater in the females (0.127 g food/day ± 0.051) than in the males (0.060 g food/day ± 0.025). The feces of 361 nymphs and adults of this locust were examined and the most common tissue fragments found were of the water hyacinth (E. crassipes). In the initial nymphal stages (I, II and III), an exclusive consumption of E. crassipes was registered, while in the IV and V stages the choice included also other macrophytes. In summary, C. aquaticum presents polyphagy in the field, feeding on six macrophytes of different classes and families.
Assuntos
Animais , Comportamento Alimentar , Gafanhotos/fisiologia , Argentina , RiosRESUMO
In this revision article it was tried to focus on the role played by pepsinogen/pepsin since its discovery until its practical use. Pepsinogen determination as the gastric acid secretion has different basal or stimulated secretion levels in the peptic ulcer, gastritis, etc. The methods for pepsinogen determination are evaluated, verifying that, in spite of radioimmunoassay utilization another methods less sophisticated have been used successfully. The pepsinogen seric levels (PSL) after stimulation with Histalog, discriminate the patients suffering from duodenal ulcer from normal individuals, and they are higher among men than women. A parallelism is made between pepsinogen-I and II finding out pepsinogen-I higher level in smoking individuals. The pepsinogen-I is increased in the duodenal ulcer and II in the gastric ulcer and both of them bent to be characterized as a genetic marker for peptic ulcer. Finally, the main clinical applicability for PSL group I determination is the detection of atrophic gastritis considering its potential for gastric malignancy.
Assuntos
Úlcera Duodenal/sangue , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Pepsinogênio A , Pepsinogênios/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Úlcera Duodenal/etiologia , Humanos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Two hundred and thirty five duodenal ulcer patients agreed to be treated with Misoprostol 400 mcg b.i.d. during four weeks. The influence of cigarette smoking, alcohol and coffee on the healing rate were determined. Endoscopic examinations were performed at the beginning of the study and after four weeks of treatment. Clinical evaluations were done at the beginning and after two and four weeks of treatment. According to the type of cohort the healing rate after four weeks of treatment was: a) 70.6% when all 235 patients intended to be treated were considered; b) 77.9% when all patients reexamined after four weeks + 5 withdrawn because of side effects (3) or worsening of symptoms (2) where analysed and, c) 79.8% when only the 208 patients that completed four weeks of treatment were considered. Loosen stools or diarrhea were observed in 37% of the patients but only in 2 (0.85%) severe diarrhea resulted in interruption of the treatment. The healing rates were not altered by the use of cigarettes, alcohol or coffee, suggesting that Misoprostol probably inhibited the deleterious effects of those risk factors.