RESUMO
Los dientes supernumerarios representan una anomalía del desarrollo caracterizada por un excedente en la formula dental normal, su etiología no se encuentra claramente identificada, sin embargo, entre las reportadas, toma importancia la relacionada con alteraciones durante la fase de inicio y proliferación del desarrollo dental. Epidemiológicamente suele presentarse con mayor frecuencia en maxilar que en mandíbula, mas que hombres que en mujeres y con prevalencia en la dentición permanente. El diagnóstico se lleva acabo básicamente mediante radiografías, sin embargo el método clínico puede ser usado de acuerdo las condiciones bajo las cuales se presente. El tratamiento de elección es la excisión quirúrgica. A continuación se reporta un caso de paciente masculino, de 22 años de edad que asiste a consulta para la eliminación quirúrgica de diente supernumerario a nivel de la mandíbula en zona posteroinferior.
Supernumerary teeth are a development anomaly, characterised by over-abundance of teeth in the regular dental formula. The aetiology hasn't been clearly identified, however, among reported cases, alterations during the initial and proliferation phase of dental growth have been found. Epidemiologically, this anomaly appears more frequently in maxilla, male patients and permanent dentition. Diagnosis is carried out by means of radiographies and clinical examination. The treatment of choice is surgical removal. In the following case report, a 22 year- old- male patient who will have supernumerary teeth surgically removed of left posteroinferior mandibular area.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Dente Supranumerário/cirurgia , Dente Supranumerário/diagnóstico , Dente ImpactadoRESUMO
Se evaluó la frecuencia de micosis superficiales en una población de 71 adultos mayores entre 62 y 98 años, de sexo masculino y femenino, residentes de la Unidad Geriátrica, durante el periodo octubre 2005-Febrero 2006, de los cuales 49 presentaron diagnóstico sugestivo. A las muestras obtenidas, se les practicó examen directo con KOH al 10%, se cultivaron en agar Fungobiotic y se incubaron durante 15 días a temperatura ambiente. Las colonias filamentosas se identificaron a través de las características macro y microscópicas, mientras que las levaduras del género Candida por el sistema de identificación API 20 C AUX®. Los resultados obtenidos fueron analizados a través del método de análisis porcentual (%) y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (c²). Resultaron positivos 40 (81,63%) casos, de los cuales el 82,50% fueron para candidosis cutáneas, siendo la candidosis ungueal la más frecuente, seguido de la tinea unguium (12,50%) y las onicomicosis por hongos no dermatofitos (5,00%). No se detectó ningún caso de pitiriasis versicolor. C. albicans fue el hongo más frecuentemente aislado (64,81%), sobre todo en uñas de pies, seguido de C. parapsilosis (12,96%) y Trichophyton mentagrophytes (5,56%). En la vejez, se observa una alta incidencia de candidosis cutáneas, la cual es favorecida por las condiciones físicas propias del adulto mayor, enfermedades concomitantes, déficit en la inmunidad celular y ciertos factores predisponentes como el ritmo de vida, el uso de calzados cerrados, el clima cálido y la humedad de la región donde se reside.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Candida , Candidíase/patologia , Micoses/diagnósticoRESUMO
The vanadium is a metal that presents great interest from the toxicological point of view, because of the numerous alterations that can take place in different biological systems. This work evaluated the capacity of vanadium accumulation and its correlation with genotoxic effects in root cells of Allium cepa L. The bulbs were cultivated in renovated filtered water each 24 h, at a temperature of 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C, in darkness and constant aeration. Treatments were carried out under the same experimental conditions, using water solutions of vanadium of 25, 50, 75 and 100 microg/g for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. A control was carried out where metal solution was substituted by distilled water. After the treatment, the meristems were fixed with alcohol--acetic acid (3:1) and stained according to the technique of Feulge n. The capacity of accumulation was determined by GFAAS. The analysis of the results revealed an accumulation of the metal for all times and concentrations. No correlation was presented among vanadium accumulation, growth and mitotic index; however, positive correlation was given with the induction of chromosomic aberrations. In conclusion, vanadium is able to induce cytotoxic effect in the exposed roots, but only genotoxic effect was correlated with metal accumulation.(AU)
Assuntos
Cebolas/citologia , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cebolas/genética , Vanádio/metabolismo , Vanádio/toxicidade , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromossomos de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Meristema/citologia , Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The vanadium is a metal that presents great interest from the toxicological point of view, because of the numerous alterations that can take place in different biological systems. This work evaluated the capacity of vanadium accumulation and its correlation with genotoxic effects in root cells of Allium cepa L. The bulbs were cultivated in renovated filtered water each 24 h, at a temperature of 25 +/- 0.5 degrees C, in darkness and constant aeration. Treatments were carried out under the same experimental conditions, using water solutions of vanadium of 25, 50, 75 and 100 microg/g for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. A control was carried out where metal solution was substituted by distilled water. After the treatment, the meristems were fixed with alcohol--acetic acid (3:1) and stained according to the technique of Feulge n. The capacity of accumulation was determined by GFAAS. The analysis of the results revealed an accumulation of the metal for all times and concentrations. No correlation was presented among vanadium accumulation, growth and mitotic index; however, positive correlation was given with the induction of chromosomic aberrations. In conclusion, vanadium is able to induce cytotoxic effect in the exposed roots, but only genotoxic effect was correlated with metal accumulation.
Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Cebolas/citologia , Cebolas , Cebolas/genética , Cromossomos de Plantas , Vanádio/metabolismo , Vanádio/toxicidade , Análise de Variância , Dano ao DNA , Meristema/citologia , Meristema , Mitose , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
This work evaluated the qualitative and quantitative cellular changes induced by treatment with 5-aminouracil (5-AU) and a combination of 5-AU and caffeine in plant cells in relation to DNA damage, repaired damage, and residual damage. As biological material, Allium cepa L. root tips were used, grown in filtered water, in darkness, with aeration at constant temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 0.5. Cell populations were synchronized using 5 mM caffeine in order to study the effects of 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment on the DNA content and their incidence in the entrance to mitosis. The results showed a delay in the G2 period due to induced DNA damage by the 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment, shown by aberrant metaphases, anaphases and telophases. The effect of caffeine in the combined treatment was heightened in spite of lengthening the checkpoints route that retains the cells in G2. The existence of G2 checkpoints was shown in the cell population studied, inducing lesions in the DNA, chromosomic aberrations and cellular instability.
Assuntos
Cafeína/farmacologia , DNA/metabolismo , Uracila/análogos & derivados , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Aberrações Cromossômicas , DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Dano ao DNA , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Fase G2 , Alho/efeitos dos fármacos , Metáfase , Mitose , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacologia , Plantas/metabolismo , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Uracila/farmacologiaRESUMO
This work evaluated the qualitative and quantitative cellular changes induced by treatment with 5-aminouracil (5-AU) and a combination of 5-AU and caffeine in plant cells in relation to DNA damage, repaired damage, and residual damage. As biological material, Allium cepa L. root tips were used, grown in filtered water, in darkness, with aeration at constant temperature of 25ºC ± 0.5. Cell populations were synchronized using 5 mM caffeine in order to study the effects of 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment on the DNA content and their incidence in the entrance to mitosis. The results showed a delay in the G2 period due t
Assuntos
Cafeína , Cafeína/diagnóstico , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central , Mitose , DNA/diagnóstico , Plantas/citologiaRESUMO
This work evaluated the qualitative and quantitative cellular changes induced by treatment with 5-aminouracil (5-AU) and a combination of 5-AU and caffeine in plant cells in relation to DNA damage, repaired damage, and residual damage. As biological material, Allium cepa L. root tips were used, grown in filtered water, in darkness, with aeration at constant temperature of 25°C ± 0.5. Cell populations were synchronized using 5 mM caffeine in order to study the effects of 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment on the DNA content and their incidence in the entrance to mitosis. The results showed a delay in the G2 period due to induced DNA damage by the 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment, shown by aberrant metaphases, anaphases and telophases. The effect of caffeine in the combined treatment was heightened in spite of lengthening the checkpoints route that retains the cells in G2. The existence of G2 checkpoints was shown in the cell population studied, inducing lesions in the DNA, chromosomic aberrations and cellular instability
Assuntos
Cafeína , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central , Cafeína , DNA , Mitose , Plantas/citologiaRESUMO
This work evaluated the qualitative and quantitative cellular changes induced by treatment with 5-aminouracil (5-AU) and a combination of 5-AU and caffeine in plant cells in relation to DNA damage, repaired damage, and residual damage. As biological material, Allium cepa L. root tips were used, grown in filtered water, in darkness, with aeration at constant temperature of 25 degrees C +/- 0.5. Cell populations were synchronized using 5 mM caffeine in order to study the effects of 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment on the DNA content and their incidence in the entrance to mitosis. The results showed a delay in the G2 period due to induced DNA damage by the 5-AU and caffeine/5-AU combined treatment, shown by aberrant metaphases, anaphases and telophases. The effect of caffeine in the combined treatment was heightened in spite of lengthening the checkpoints route that retains the cells in G2. The existence of G2 checkpoints was shown in the cell population studied, inducing lesions in the DNA, chromosomic aberrations and cellular instability.
RESUMO
Maleic hydrazide (MH) is an herbicide and is a regulator of the growth of buds in vegetables during storage. It is used in agriculture-in despite its known effect as a mutagenic and clastogenic agent. In this research the effect of MH on the root tips of Allium cepa L. was determined; correlations between the effects of different concentrations and exposure times on the mitotic index (MI) and induction of chromosomal aberrations (ChA) were also examined. Experiments were carried out in triplicate, using aqueous solutions of MH to concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3)M, at intervals of 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h, with a control for each combination (with the MH substituted by distilled water). The results revealed an inhibition of the MI linked to the concentration and time of treatment (F=845.51, P<0.01 and F=427.58, P<0.01, respectively). For all the concentrations used and exposure periods longer than 12 h, different types of ChA were present, with significantly increased frequencies with increases in the concentration and time of exposure (P<0.01). To determine the mechanism through which the herbicide exerts its toxicity, ultrastructural electron microscopy was conducted. The results reveal nucleolar alterations, suggesting an inhibitory effect of biosynthetic activity.
Assuntos
Allium/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Exposição Ambiental , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Hidrazida Maleica/toxicidade , Dano ao DNA , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Hidrazida Maleica/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Raízes de PlantasRESUMO
Fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) has been suggested as an enzymatic marker for nociceptive primary afferent terminals in the spinal dorsal horn, however there has not been demonstrated a direct functional relation between FRAP activity and an increased nociceptive transmission. For this purpose, we quantitated FRAP activity in the spinal dorsal horn of the rat in a heat-induced cutaneous inflammatory model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats anaesthetised with thiopental were separated in two groups where the left hindpaw was submerged during 60 s either in water at room temperature (control group) or in water at 60 degrees C (inflammation group) which induce in this group a progressive hindpaw inflammation. After 8 h, the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord was extracted, cut in slices and 1 mm micropunch fragments were obtained from the right and left dorsal horn. The activity of FRAP was determined using the Gomori colorimetric method and corrected by the protein concentrations. FRAP activity in the left dorsal horn was statistically higher than right dorsal horn in the inflammation group (3.05+/-0.54 versus 1.91+/-0.23 u/g per l; P<0.05). Also, FRAP activity from the left dorsal horn of the control and inflammation groups show a significant increase in the last group (3.05+/-0.54 versus 2.17+/-0.23 u/g per l; P<0.05). This results demonstrate that FRAP is not only an enzymatic marker for neuronal and fibre integrity of nociceptive primary afferents but also it is associated to the nociceptive afferent activation.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Neurônios Aferentes/enzimologia , Células do Corno Posterior/enzimologia , Medula Espinal/citologia , Fosfatase Ácida/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Lateralidade Funcional , Temperatura Alta/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/enzimologia , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Estimulação Física , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
This study of the effect of cadmium on nucleolar ultrastructure was carried out with meristematic cell populations of Allium cepa L. Meristems, grown at 25 degrees C, were treated with 10 ppm cadmium chloride. Conventional and silver staining techniques were carried out, and the ultrastructure was analyzed using electron microscopy. Observation showed alterations in the nucleoli of the cells that had been treated with cadmium and this effect varied according to the time of exposure to the metal. After 4h of treatment, nucleolar segregation was observed in interphase, probably because of the effect of cadmium on the synthesis of ribosomal RNA precursors. A decrease in the fibrillar to granular component ratio also occurred in the cells exposed to Cd2+ for 8 h. Some changes were observed in the G1 cells; their chromatin still remained very condensed, and prenucleolus bodies remained scattered within the nucleus. At the same time, there was a large amount of interchromatin granules. These changes produced by cadmium resembled those produced during inhibition of RNA synthesis. The fibrillar bodies, another morphologic feature, resulting from a blocked transcription, were also evidenced. All these observations suggest that one of the ways that cadmium exercises its toxicity is by altering the biosynthesis of the preribosomal RNA precursor.
Assuntos
Cádmio/toxicidade , Nucléolo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Nucléolo Celular/ultraestrutura , Meristema/efeitos dos fármacos , Meristema/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Cebolas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
We analyzed growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Priacanhus arenatus, captured by the shrimp trawling fishery (1989-1996), in northeastern Venezuela. The growth coefficient (K) and the asymptotic length (L8) were estimated by length-frequency data using the Battacharya method and other routines of the FISAT program. Total mortality (Z) and exploitation (E) rates were obtained by length-converted catch curve analysis, based on length-frequency data, and the Berverton and Holt's yield per recruit model, respectively. The mean growth parameters L and K were estimated as 474.7 mm and 0.69 year(-1), respectively. Mean total mortality was 4.03 and the exploitation rate range was 0.70-0.80. Results indicated that the population is overexploited.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Pesqueiros , Perciformes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Mortalidade , Perciformes/anatomia & histologia , VenezuelaRESUMO
We analyzed growth, mortality and exploitation rate of Priacanhus arenatus, captured by the shrimp trawling fishery (1989-1996), in northeastern Venezuela. The growth coefficient (K) and the asymptotic length (L8) were estimated by length-frequency data using the Battacharya method and other routines of the FISAT program. Total mortality (Z) and exploitation (E) rates were obtained by length-converted catch curve analysis, based on length-frequency data, and the Berverton and Holt's yield per recruit model, respectively. The mean growth parameters L and K were estimated as 474.7 mm and 0.69 year(-1), respectively. Mean total mortality was 4.03 and the exploitation rate range was 0.70-0.80. Results indicated that the population is overexploited.