RESUMO
Rhodococcus equi is responsible for foal pneumonia worldwide, with a significant economic impact on the production and breeding of horses. In Chile, the first case was reported in 2000, and since then, its incidence has been increasing. Distinctive characteristics of R. equi as an intracellular pathogen in macrophages, emergence of virulence plasmids encoding surface lipoprotein antigens, and appearance of antibiotic resistance against macrolides and rifampicin have significantly complicated the treatment of R. equi pneumonia in foals. Therefore, in vitro susceptibility studies of first-line and newer antibiotics against R. equi are the first step to establishing effective treatments and optimizing new therapeutic options. The aim of the present study is to determine the susceptibility profile of fourteen strains of R. equi isolated from foals in Chile to several antibiotics of the macrolide group including azithromycin, amikacin, tildipirosin and gamithromycin as well as others such as rifampicin, doxycycline and ceftiofur. Identification of R. equi in collected isolates from foals in Chile has been performed by CAMP test and PCR based on detecting of the gene encoding the 16 S rRNA. The presence of genes encoding virulence plasmids was also determined using PCR. Results obtained have demonstrated presence of virulent R. equi strains in Chile. In vitro susceptibility pattern to different antibiotics has shown better results for doxycycline and rifampicin similar to previous studies performed. Current macrolides have been evaluated in order to consider alternative treatment options in a context of emerging resistance to classic macrolides and rifampicin, obtaining better results with gamithromycin (MIC range of 0.125 to 128 mg/ml) than with tildipirosin (MIC range of 16 to 128 mg/ml). An adequate diagnosis of bacterial susceptibility based on antibiograms is necessary to treat the Rhodococcus equi infection in foals.
Assuntos
Rhodococcus equi , Rifampina , Cavalos , Animais , Rifampina/farmacologia , Doxiciclina , Rhodococcus equi/genética , Chile , Macrolídeos , Antibacterianos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Since 1948, the World Health Organization has been publishing the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a coded system of causes of disease and death with an in-depth revision every 10-15 years. In its latest revision, the ICD-11 uses nomenclature characterizing old age as "initial and final geriatric periods," implying the medicalization of this stage of life, which has created confusion and sparked controversy. This article discusses the new nomenclature proposed, given the current knowledge about old age and the aging process and its most accepted definition. The ICD not only classifies diseases but periods of life and "health-related problems," and old age per se is not a health-related problem for many people at this stage of life. It is therefore essential to change or provide a more nuanced definition of the term "old age" in the ICD-11, so it is not perceived as a symptom, sign, or anomalous clinical outcome, and to introduce nomenclature that more accurately reflects pathological aging. Two terms that are enjoying growing experimental and bibliographic support are "fragility" and "loss of intrinsic capacity," which offer greater precision when defining the condition of a person who is not experiencing healthy aging.
Desde 1948, a Organização Mundial da Saúde publica um sistema codificado de causas de doença e morte sob o nome de Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID), com revisões profundas a cada 10-15 anos. Sua última versão, a CID-11, utiliza determinada terminologia para caracterizar a velhice como "períodos geriátricos iniciais e finais", o que implica uma medicalização dessa fase da vida que tem gerado confusão e polêmica. Este artigo discute a nova terminologia proposta à luz dos conhecimentos atuais sobre a velhice e o processo de envelhecimento, e sua definição mais aceita. A CID não classifica apenas as doenças, mas também períodos da vida e "problemas de saúde", sendo que a velhice por si só não representa um problema de saúde para muitos que se encontram nesta fase da vida. A partir dessa perspectiva, é imprescindível alterar ou qualificar o verbete "velhice" da CID-11 para que não seja percebido como sintoma, sinal ou resultado clínico anormal, e em seu lugar introduzir termos que melhor reflitam o estado de envelhecimento patológico. Entre os termos que têm crescente suporte experimental e bibliográfico estão "fragilidade" e "perda de capacidade intrínseca", que proporcionam uma precisão muito maior na definição da condição de quem não goza de um envelhecimento saudável.
RESUMO
[RESUMEN]. Desde 1948, la Organización Mundial de la Salud ha venido publicando un sistema codificado de causas de enfermedad y muerte bajo el nombre genérico de Clasificación Estadística Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE), con revisiones en profundidad cada 10-15 años. En su última versión, CIE-11, se utiliza una terminolo-gía para caracterizar la vejez como “períodos geriátricos inicial y final”, lo que implica una medicalización de esta etapa de la vida que ha generado confusión y polémica. En este trabajo se discute la nueva terminología propuesta a la luz del conocimiento actual en torno a la vejez y el proceso de envejecimiento, y su definición más aceptada. La CIE no solo clasifica las enfermedades sino también los períodos de la vida y los “proble-mas relacionados con la salud”, y la vejez por sí sola no representa un problema relacionado con la salud para muchos de quienes se encuentran en esta etapa de la vida. Desde esta perspectiva, es imprescindible cambiar o matizar el epígrafe “vejez” de la CIE-11 para que no se perciba como síntoma, signo o resultado clínico anómalo, e introducir términos que reflejen mucho mejor el estado de envejecimiento patológico. Entre los términos que gozan de un creciente soporte experimental y bibliográfico están “fragilidad” y “pérdida de la capacidad intrínseca”, que aportan mucha mayor precisión a la hora de definir la condición de la persona que no goza de un envejecimiento saludable.
[ABSTRACT]. Since 1948, the World Health Organization has been publishing the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), a coded system of causes of disease and death with an in-depth revision every 10-15 years. In its latest revision, the ICD-11 uses nomenclature characterizing old age as “initial and final geriatric periods,” implying the medicalization of this stage of life, which has created confusion and sparked controversy. This article discusses the new nomenclature proposed, given the current knowledge about old age and the aging process and its most accepted definition. The ICD not only classifies diseases but periods of life and “health-related problems,” and old age per se is not a health-related problem for many people at this stage of life. It is therefore essential to change or provide a more nuanced definition of the term “old age” in the ICD-11, so it is not perceived as a symptom, sign, or anomalous clinical outcome, and to introduce nomenclature that more accurately reflects pathological aging. Two terms that are enjoying growing experimental and bibliographic support are “fragility” and “loss of intrinsic capacity,” which offer grea-ter precision when defining the condition of a person who is not experiencing healthy aging.
[RESUMO]. Desde 1948, a Organização Mundial da Saúde publica um sistema codificado de causas de doença e morte sob o nome de Classificação Estatística Internacional de Doenças e Problemas Relacionados à Saúde (CID), com revisões profundas a cada 10-15 anos. Sua última versão, a CID-11, utiliza determinada terminologia para caracterizar a velhice como “períodos geriátricos iniciais e finais”, o que implica uma medicalização dessa fase da vida que tem gerado confusão e polêmica. Este artigo discute a nova terminologia proposta à luz dos conhecimentos atuais sobre a velhice e o processo de envelhecimento, e sua definição mais aceita. A CID não classifica apenas as doenças, mas também períodos da vida e “problemas de saúde”, sendo que a velhice por si só não representa um problema de saúde para muitos que se encontram nesta fase da vida. A partir dessa perspectiva, é imprescindível alterar ou qualificar o verbete “velhice” da CID-11 para que não seja percebido como sintoma, sinal ou resultado clínico anormal, e em seu lugar introduzir termos que melhor reflitam o estado de envelhecimento patológico. Entre os termos que têm crescente suporte experimental e bibliográfico estão “fragilidade” e “perda de capacidade intrínseca”, que proporcionam uma precisão muito maior na definição da condição de quem não goza de um envelhecimento saudável.
Assuntos
Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Envelhecimento , Envelhecimento Saudável , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Envelhecimento , Envelhecimento Saudável , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Envelhecimento , Envelhecimento SaudávelRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are a limited number of tests for the assessment of shoulder and pelvic girdle stability. Reliable instruments are important to evaluate movement dysfunction at these joints in order to provide more objective parameters. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inter-day reliability of the Upper Body Test in young adults. METHODS: A reliability study was carried out with three assessments of the shoulder and pelvic girdle stability within 48-h intervals (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). The OctoBalance® platform was used to perform the Upper Body Test in 31 active young adults (24.5±8 years). Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,2) two-way mixed model, Coefficient of Variation, and Bland-Altman plots were used to verify the reliability of the test. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable difference (MDD95%) were calculated for clinical applicability. RESULTS: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ranged from 0.87 to 0.94 - Featuring a mean difference of 0.89 (95%CI=-0.19-1.97) to left and 0.95 (95%CI=-0.38-2.27) for the right side, with a low variation coefficient (3.31-5.91%) between the second and third days of assessment. There was a statistically significant difference between the first assessment day and the other test sessions. The Bland-Altman analyses revealed low bias with scores within the limits of agreement. Minimum detectable difference scores were between 4.02 and 5.10, and standard error of measurement between 1.75 and 2.72, depending on the movement side. CONCLUSION: The Upper Body Test presented good inter-day reliability for assessing the stability of the shoulder and pelvic girdle in young active healthy adults.
Assuntos
Extremidade Inferior/fisiopatologia , Dor da Cintura Pélvica/fisiopatologia , Ombro/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Movimento , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Xantomatose Cerebrotendinosa/diagnóstico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Colestanotriol 26-Mono-Oxigenase/deficiência , Colestanotriol 26-Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Colestanol/sangue , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/ultraestrutura , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Alucinações/etiologia , Humanos , Perda de Heterozigosidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos do Humor/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos do Humor/etiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Psicoterapia , Deleção de Sequência , Xantomatose Cerebrotendinosa/genética , Xantomatose Cerebrotendinosa/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La audición es un proceso complejo en el cual el sonido se convierte en energía eléctrica que se procesa e interpreta a nivel de la corteza auditiva. La musicoterapia es una ciencia de bajo costo aplicable a la anestesiología con beneficios económicos. Como coadyuvante a la terapia farmacológica permite usar menores dosis de algunos medicamentos. Objetivo: revisión no sistemática en bases de datos reconocidas. Metodología: búsqueda exhaustiva sobre revisiones sistemáticas, consensos, metaanálisis, utilizando los descriptores electrónicos en las bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSP, EBSCO y SciELO. Arrojó 393 artículos, 80 relacionados con música, musicoterapia, medicina y adulto, 77 con electroencefalografía, estimulación acústica y sincronización cortical, 32 con anestesia balanceada y éteres metílicos, y 68 relacionados con música y anestesiología. Se seleccionaron solo los artículos completos para un total de 100. Se complementó con 2 textos universitarios de física. Conclusión: la música en anestesiología representa una herramienta valiosa como alternativa de tratamiento para disminuir la morbimortalidad y los costos asociados. Se necesitan estudios complementarios para determinar los alcances de ésta asociación.
Audition is a complex process in which sound transduces into electrical energy which is processed and interpreted at the auditory cortex. Music therapy is an inexpensive technique applicable to anesthesia. As an adjuvant to pharmacological interventions it allows reducing the requirements of certain medicines. Objective: a non-systematic review in recognized databases. Methodology: A thorough search of systematic reviews, consensuses and meta-analyses on electronic databases PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSP, EBSCO and SciELO using electronic descriptors. 393 articles were retrieved from the searches which included 80 related with music, music therapy, medicine and adults; 77 regarding electrencephalography, acoustic stimulation and cortical synchronization; 32 on balanced anesthesia and methyl ethers; and, 68 related with music and anesthesia. Only 100 articles were eligible for inclusion as only full text reports were considered. Two university physics textbooks were used as supplemental reading resources. Conclusions: music is a valuable adjuvant of anesthesia which can provide reduced morbidity and mortality and related costs. Further studies are needed to determine the scope of this association.
Assuntos
Anestesia Balanceada , Estimulação Acústica , Sincronização Cortical , MusicoterapiaRESUMO
The aim of the study was to assess the acute effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise, with low frequency (5 Hz), on the pain level (PL), trunk flexibility, and cardiovascular responses (blood pressure [BP] and heart rate [HR]) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Forty-four individuals were included in the study (control: 15) or in (WBV exercise: 29) groups. They were submitted to 3 bouts (1 minute each) of WBV exercise (5 Hz and peak-to-peak displacements of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, corresponding to peak accelerations of 0.12, 0.25, and 0.35 g, respectively, sitting in a chair with the feet on the platform with knees flexed, followed by 1 minute of interset rest. The Control Group performed the same protocol, but the platform was turned off. The PL was measured through the visual analog pain scale, and the flexibility was measured through the anterior trunk flexion test. Significant improvements on PL (P = .031) and flexibility (P = .004) were found only in the WBV exercise group. The BP and HR remained at physiological levels. In conclusion, the WBV exercise would lead to physiological response decreasing PL and increasing flexibility as well as maintaining the cardiovascular responses in individuals with MetS.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of whole-body vibration exercises (WBVE) in different positions on muscular activity of flexor digitorum superficialis (FD), wrist extensor (ED), and handgrip strength (HG) of healthy men. Fifteen participants have performed 5 test sets each one consisting of HG strength measurement and 1-minute WBVE intervention (frequency: 50 Hz, amplitude: 1.53 mm, synchronous tri-planar oscillating/vibratory platform), that could be control (no exposition to vibration), squat (30 seconds of rest and 30 seconds of WBVE in squat position), or push-up (30 seconds of rest, and 30 seconds of WBVE in push-up position). After testing, participants had 2 minutes of rest and then were encouraged to keep themselves on a pull-up bar for 30 seconds. During all procedures, muscular activity of FD and ED was measured by surface electromyography (EMG). Statistical analysis has revealed that the EMG measured in the FD during the static pull-up bar exercise after SQUAT condition was significantly higher (P = .004) than the CONTROL and PUSH-UP conditions. Whole-body vibration exercises in squat position increase acutely muscle activation of the FD during isometric exercises of longer duration, while muscle activation of ED and HG strength are not affected by WBVE.
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Señor Editor: Los eventos arritmogénicos en la población pediátrica, ha presentado variaciones en sus registros durante las últimas décadas con una incidencia de 5% en niños hasta de 7 años[1]. Teniendo en cuenta que ésta patología constituye un grupo complejo e infrecuente, la comunidad médica en general se ha preocupado por tener un mayor conocimiento acerca de esta entidad clínica, lo cual ha contribuido a un mayor reconocimiento de cuadros clínicos congénitos asociados a muerte súbita infantil de origen cardiaco dentro de la población pediátrica [2, 3]. En pediatría, la prevalencia de este tipo de alteraciones es menos frecuente en comparación con la población adulta. En niños, la taquicardia supraventricular, es la arritmia más frecuente, siendo la principal causa de emergencia cardiovascular en niños con un 90% de los casos [1]. La utilización de herramientas diagnósticas, como el electrocardiograma de doce derivaciones, permite valorar éste tipo de situaciones dentro del servicio de urgencias, lo cual ha disminuido el número de muertes de origen cardíaco dentro de la población infantil, sin embargo, la utilización de estas ayudas diagnósticas, no presenta un grado de utilidad superior, cuando no se tiene el grado de pericia necesario para la interpretación de los hallazgos, equipos especializados y la posibilidad de proporcionar un tratamiento oportuno [4]. Estas condiciones, conlleva a que los procesos que se llevan a cabo dentro servicio de urgencias sean limitados y que su resolución tenga que ser manejada por personal diferente al de cardiología pediátrica [2, 5]. El reconocimiento de alteraciones del ritmo cardíaco en la población pediátrica, se ha convertido en un reto para el médico del siglo XXI, circunstancias especiales, tales como la edad del paciente y los fenómenos fisiológicos cardíacos que trae consigo el crecimiento en ésta población, genera dificultades para la interpretación de los resultados [6]. Un estudio realizado en 12 países, con más de 900 médicos de diferentes servicios, incluyendo especialistas de las diferentes áreas de medicina interna y médicos generales, concluyo que pese a tener una muestra considerable y no ser suficiente para describir toda la población médica, se encontró que menos del 50% podía reconocer plenamente las alteraciones del ritmo dentro del electrocardiograma de doce derivaciones [2]. El uso del electrocardiograma como herramienta diagnóstica de arritmias dentro del servicio de urgencias, ha permitido que sea ampliamente valorada su utilidad en los últimos quince años, con la finalidad de ser aplicada en grupos especiales de pacientes, diferentes a los que se encuentran propiamente en este servicio, justificándose ventajas, tales como, el reconocimiento de patologías como el síndrome de QT largo, lo que podría prevenir el desarrollo de arritmias letales dentro de la edad pediátrica, y la detección de patologías cardíacas de presentación asintomática que conducen a muerte súbita infantil [5, 6]. Consideramos fundamental que la formación médica actual, siga profundizando y proporcionando las herramientas suficientes al médico general para poder detectar y abordar de manera integral las arritmias en pediatría. Además de la necesidad de tener una mayor evidencia científica que justifique la implementación del uso del electrocardiograma en pacientes con una historia clínica personal y familiar compatible con patologías que tienen relación con el síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, teniendo en cuenta que en nuestro país la evidencia sobre la utilidad y el uso del mismo, como mecanismo de prevención es escasa.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Medicina de Emergência Pediátrica/métodos , Cardiologia/educação , Criança , Eletrocardiografia , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/tendências , Humanos , Medicina de Emergência Pediátrica/tendênciasRESUMO
The decision to administer general anesthesia is childhood age remains controversial. East the issue has not only generated a high degree of concern in health professionals for Neonates and infants, but also, by the school age, being susceptible to alterations. during the consolidation process of earning and memory, where anesthetics They alter brain functioning, causing alterations in synaptogenesis and neurodegeneration in different areas such as. primary visual cortex, temporal cortices / sensory, the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. This is associated with some factors. of risk as the drugs and / or doses used for the procedure, exposure time, or own conditions of the patient.
La decisión de administrar anestesia general en la edad infantil sigue siendo controversial. Este tema no solo ha generado un alto grado de preocupación en los profesionales de la salud por los neonatos y lactantes, sino también, por la edad escolar, siendo susceptibles a alteraciones durante el proceso de consolidación del aprendizaje y memoria, donde los anestésicos alteran el funcionamiento cerebral, provocando alteraciónes en la sinaptogénesis y neurodegeneración en diferentes áreas como la corteza visual primaria, cortezas temporales / somato sensoriales, la corteza frontal y el hipocampo . Esto asociado a algunos factores de riesgo como los fármacos y/o dosis utilizadas para el procedimiento, tiempo de exposición, o condiciones propias del paciente.
Assuntos
Anestesia Geral/efeitos adversos , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento/prevenção & controle , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: Acinetobacter baumannii es un cocobacilo no fermentativo gramnegativo, con amplio espectro de resistencia a los antibióticos. Existe relación entre la colonización de la bacteria y el origen de complicaciones durante el embarazo, principalmente: vasculitis del cordón umbilical, alteraciones en la gelatina de Wharton, bajo peso al nacimiento y parto pretérmino. Caso clínico: Paciente de 21 semanas de embarazo, con fiebre no cuantificada, dolor abdominal en el hipogastrio asociado con disuria, tenesmo vesical y polaquiuria de un mes de evolución. Se realizó urocultivo mediante sonda vesical y se procesó en un equipo MicroScan AutoSCAN-4®, automatizado, que resultó positivo para Acinetobacter baumannii, con recuento superior de 100,000 UFC/mL. Debido al cuadro clínico se aisló a la paciente, con protocolo de control y tratamiento materno-fetal estrecho, con egreso institucional satisfactorio. Quince semanas después ingresó, nuevamente, al servicio médico por síntomas urinarios, patrón fetal grado III y bioquímica sanguínea alterada. Se practicó cesárea de urgencia; se obtuvo un recién nacido prematuro, vivo, que recibió tratamiento antimicrobiano. No se reportaron alteraciones adicionales. Cinco días después del posoperatorio ambos pacientes fueron dados de alta. Conclusiones: Las infecciones por Acinetobacter baumannii durante el embarazo son poco frecuentes, pero se asocian con elevada morbilidad y el retraso en el tratamiento con alta mortalidad materna y fetal.
Abstract Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a non-fermentative gram-negative coccobacillus, with a broad spectrum of resistance to antibiotics. There is a relationship between the colonization of the bacteria and complications in the pregnancy, among which are: cord vasculitis, alterations in Wharton gelatin, low birth weight and preterm delivery. Clinical case: A pregnant woman of 21 weeks of gestation with unquantified fever, abdominal pain in hypogastrium associated with dysuria, bladder tenesmus and one-month-old urinary frequency; urine culture was performed by bladder catheter and processed in an automated MicroScan AutoSCAN-4®, which was positive for Acinetobacter baumannii, with colony counts greater than 100,000 CFU/mL. Due to the clinical picture, contact isolation, control and close maternal-fetal treatment were performed with satisfactory institutional discharge. The patient entered 15 weeks after the previous admission with urinary symptoms, grade III fetal pattern and altered blood biochemistry, whereby she underwent surgery, obtaining a premature birth which was treated with antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii infections during pregnancy are rare, however is associated with an increase in maternal-fetal morbidity, and delays in the administration are associated with increased maternal-fetal mortality.
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Whole body vibration (WBV) has been recognized as an effective alternative exercise modality to resistance exercise for its ability in enhancing force and power, generating capacity in skeletal muscle, increasing bone mass and improving cardiovascular function. Since the effect of WBV exercises on growth hormone (GH) levels has been never compared and discussed, the aim of this study was to review systematically the literature to verify the WBV effects on GH concentration. By using PubMed, Scopus and PEDRo databases with the keywords 'growth hormone' or GH and 'whole body vibration' or WBV, we found and analysed 12 papers (182 subjects recruited), verifying their level of evidence (National Health and Medical Research Council hierarchy of evidence) and the methodological quality (PEDRo scale). Although WBV induced GH responses in nine out of 12 publications, caution should be however taken when considering the results due to the markedly different methodologies among these publications.
Assuntos
Hormônio do Crescimento/sangue , Vibração/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Vibração/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The use of surface electromyography (sEMG) to evaluate muscle activation when executing whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) in studies provide neuromuscular findings, in healthy and diseased populations. OBJECTIVES: Perform a systematic review of the effects of WBVE by sEMG of lower limbs in non-healthy populations. METHODS: The search using the defined keywords was performed in PubMed, PEDRo and EMBASE databases by three independent researchers. Applying the PRISMA statement several studies were selected according to eligibility criteria and organized for the review. Full papers were included if they described effects of WBVE for the treatment of illnesses, evaluated by sEMG of lower limbs independently on the year of the publication; in comparison or associated with other treatment and evaluation techniques. RESULTS: Seven publications were selected; two in spinal cord injury patients, one in Friedreich's ataxia patients, three in stroke patients and one study in breast cancer survivors. Reported effects of WBV in were muscle activation by sEMG and also on strength, blood flow and exercise resistance; even in paretic limbs. CONCLUSION: By the use of sEMG it was verified that WBVE elicits muscle activation in diseased population. These results may lead to the definition of exercise protocols to maintain or increase muscular activation. However, due to the heterogeneity of methods among studies, there is currently no consensus on the sEMG signal processing. These strategies might also induce effects on muscle strength, balance and flexibility in these and other illnesses.
Assuntos
Extremidade Inferior/inervação , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Doenças Neuromusculares/reabilitação , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Vibração/uso terapêutico , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças Neuromusculares/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whole body vibration (WBV) exercise has been used in health sciences. Authors have reported that changes on the concentration of plasma biomarkers could be associated with the WBV effects. The aim of this investigation is to assess the consequences of exposition of 25 Hz mechanical vibration generated in oscillating/vibratory platform (OVP) on the concentration of some plasma biomarkers and on the weight of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The animals of the Experimental Group (EG) were submitted to vibration (25 Hz) generated in an OVP with four bouts of 30 seconds with rest time of 60 seconds between the bouts. This procedure was performed daily for 12 days. The animals of the control group (CG) were not exposed to vibration. RESULTS: Our findings show that the WBV exercise at 25 Hz was not capable to alter significantly (p<0.05) the weight of the rats. A significant alteration in the concentrations of amylase was found. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a modulation of the WBV exercise with vibration of 25 Hz of frequency (i) in the pathways related to the weight and (ii) in the concentration of some biomarkers, such as amylase.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Peso Corporal , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Vibração , Amilases/sangue , Animais , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Whole body vibration exercises (WBVE) improve the quality of life (QoL) of different populations. Metabolic syndrome patients (MetS) may be favored by physical activity. Questionnaires are used to assess the QoL. The aim was to evaluate the QoL of patients with MetS that have undergone WBVE with a brief WHOQOL (WHOQOL-BREF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MetS patients were randomly divided into three groups: (i) control group (CG), (ii) treated with WBVE once per week (WBVE1) and (iii) treated with WBVE twice per week (WBVE2). In the first session, the patient was sat in a chair in front of the platform with the feet on its base in 3 peak to peak displacements (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mm) and frequency of 5 Hz was used. From the second to the last session, patients were subjected to the same protocol, however they were standing on the base of the platform and the frequency was increased up to 14 Hz. The patients fulfilled the WHOQOL-BREF before the first and after the last sessions. Cronbach coefficients were determined to each domain of the WHOQOL-BREF and test Wilcoxon (p<0.05) was used. RESULTS: The patients of the WBVE1 group had improvements in the physical, psychological and environment domains while in the WBVE2, the improvements were in the physical and social relationships domain of the WHOQOL-BREF. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the WBVE in a protocol (one or two times per week) with a progressive and increased frequency improves the QoL of patients with MetS in different domains of the WHOQOL-BREF.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Síndrome Metabólica/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Vibração , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inappropriate medication use in older people is an important source of adverse events and complications. AIM: To determine the frequency of inappropriate medication use in the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: As part of the 2010 Chilean National Health Survey, 1,048 persons aged 65 years or more were interviewed about medication use. The information obtained was analyzed using standardized Beers criteria, adapted for the Chilean population, to define inappropriate medication use. A logistic regression model was performed to define risk factors for inappropriate medication use. RESULTS: Ten percent of subjects had a high risk of inappropriate medication use. The most common medications used were chlorphenamine, amitriptyline, diazepam, chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide and piroxicam. The risk factors detected were female gender, polypharmacy and a bad health self-perception. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate medication use is common among Chilean older people and should be discouraged.
Assuntos
Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Chile , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimedicação , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados/classificação , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Background. Appropriate management, including pulmonary rehabilitation, associated with correct diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients can contribute to improving clinical conditions of these patients. Physical activity is recommended for COPD patients. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a modality of physical activity. Putting together the biological effects and safe use of WBV, it may be a potentially feasible intervention to add to pulmonary rehabilitation. The purpose of this investigation was to systematically review studies regarding the effects of WBV, as a component of the pulmonary rehabilitation, in patients with COPD. Results. A total of six publications met inclusion for review. There was evidence to support the beneficial use of WBV to improve functional performance of the lower limbs and quality of life. However, the appropriateness of and descriptors of WBV methods were poorly described. Conclusions. The results of this review support the use of WBV as a component of pulmonary rehabilitation to assist management of patients with COPD. However, future research should examine the dose-response curve and optimal dosing regimen of WBV according to standard reporting recommendations for people with COPD. Such an approach will allow comparison among studies and the potential of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
RESUMO
Background: Inappropriate medication use in older people is an important source of adverse events and complications. Aim: To determine the frequency of inappropriate medication use in the general population. Material and Methods: As part of the 2010 Chilean National Health Survey, 1,048 persons aged 65 years or more were interviewed about medication use. The information obtained was analyzed using standardized Beers criteria, adapted for the Chilean population, to define inappropriate medication use. A logistic regression model was performed to define risk factors for inappropriate medication use. Results: Ten percent of subjects had a high risk of inappropriate medication use. The most common medications used were chlorphenamine, amitriptyline, diazepam, chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide and piroxicam. The risk factors detected were female gender, polypharmacy and a bad health self-perception. Conclusions: Inappropriate medication use is common among Chilean older people and should be discouraged.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados/estatística & dados numéricos , Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Modelos Logísticos , Chile , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo , Medição de Risco , Polimedicação , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados/classificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review the literature about the relevance of the whole body vibration (WBV) in decreasing the number of fractures in osteoporotic women. METHODS: Searches were performed by three independent researchers through the PubMed and PEDro databases. RESULTS: Only 0.1% of the publications with "Fracture and osteoporosis" have a relation with WBV exercise. The achievements have revealed a positive effect of this exercise in patients with risk factors for fractures like osteoporosis. Protocols were performed two to three times a week, from 6 up to 18 months, and with 12.6 up to 40 Hz as frequencies. Different tools were used to evaluate the effects of the WBV exercise in conditions that could cause fractures in postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: Although the paucity of research regarding direct effects of WBV in decreasing fractures, WBV could be a feasible and effective way to modify well-recognized risk factors for falls and fractures, improvements in some aspects of neuromuscular function and balance. More studies have to be performed establish protocols with well controlled parameters.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Whole body vibration (WBV) is increasingly being used to improve balance and motor function and reduce the secondary complications associated with cerebral palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to systematically appraise published research regarding the effects of static and/or dynamic exercise performed on a vibrating platform on gait, strength, spasticity and bone mineral density (BMD) within this population. METHODS: Systematic searches of six electronic databases identified five studies that met our inclusion criteria (2 at Level II and 3 at Level III-2). Studies were analysed to determine: (a) participant characteristics; (b) optimal exercise and WBV treatment protocol; (c) effect on gait, strength, spasticity and BMD; and (d) the outcome measures used to evaluate effect. As data was not homogenous a meta-analysis was not possible. RESULTS: Several design limitations were identified and intervention protocols are poorly described. The effects on strength, gait, spasticity and BMD in persons with CP remain inconclusive with weak evidence that WBV may improve selected muscle strength and gait parameters and that prolonged exposure may improve BMD; there is currently no evidence that WBV can reduce spasticity. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for exercise performed on a vibrating platform on mobility, strength, spasticity and BMD in CP remains scant and further larger scale investigations with controlled parameters to better understand the effects of WBV exercises in this population is recommended.