RESUMO
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a condition that has no clinical signs and symptoms. LTBI patients are characterized by persistent immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and approximately 5-10% of these infected individuals will develop active TB at some point in their lives. The antigen transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1) is a protein involved in the transport of the antigen from the cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum by means of the association with MHC class I molecules. It plays a fundamental role in the immune response, promoting the clearance of intracellular pathogens. Our pilot study aimed to determine the association between TAP1 gene 1177A>G (rs1057141) and 2090A>G (rs1135216) genetic polymorphisms with susceptibility to LTBI. In this case-control study, 153 individuals from shelters were analyzed (46 were LTBI-positive and 92 were controls). Genotyping of the rs11352216 (2090A>G) and rs1057141 (1177A>G) gene IDs was performed using the Applied Biosystems Step One Thermal Cycler Real-Time PCR allelic discrimination technology. The haplotypic analyses were performed with the Arlequin 3.5 program. Social assistance centers and shelters that serve vulnerable populations represent high-risk sites due to overcrowding and the impaired nutritional status of their residents. The G allele (OR=1.99, CI=1.109-3.587, p=0.021) and the GG genotype of rs11352216 (A>G) were associated with susceptibility to LTBI, according to the codominant genetic model (OR=8.32, CI=1.722-61.98, p=0.007). The rs1057141 (A>G) polymorphism was not associated with LTBI risk. The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of rs1135216 (A>G) are susceptible to LTBI.
Assuntos
Tuberculose Latente , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Membro 2 da Subfamília B de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Tuberculose Latente/genética , México , Projetos Piloto , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo ÚnicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a respiratory tract disease that affects children and adults and is characterized by the recurrent proliferation of multiple papillomas. The etiologic agent is the human papillomavirus, mainly genotypes 6 and 11. Furthermore, polymorphisms in TAP1 appear to influence the selection of antigenic peptides and the transport process to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, for their subsequent presentation to T lymphocytes, an essential process against viral diseases and tumor processes. Previous studies have shown that individuals with those polymorphisms are susceptible to immune, infectious, and tumor-related diseases. The present study aimed to determine the association between the TAP1 rs1057141 (c.1177A>G) and rs1135216 (c.2090A>G) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and RRP. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on a group of 70 individuals (35 controls and 35 patients). RRP diagnosis, HPV genotyping, and viral load were determined through histology and PCR. SNPs rs1057141 and rs1135216 were identified through allelic discrimination, using real-time PCR. The haplotypic analyses were performed using the Arlequin 3.5 program. RESULTS: HPV-6 and HPV-11 were the genotypes found in the samples. In the polymorphism analysis, rs1057141 showed no significant differences (p = 0.049, CI = 0.994-7.331). In contrast, a significant difference was found in rs1135216 (p = 0.039, OR = 2.4) in the allelic analysis, as well as in the dominant (p = 0.027, OR = 3.06), codominant (p = 0.033, OR = 3.06), and additive model (p = 0.043, OR = 2.505) in subjects with the G allele. CONCLUSION: The G allele in rs1135216 was associated with a genetic risk of susceptibility for RRP in a population in Western Mexico.
Assuntos
Membro 2 da Subfamília B de Transportadores de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Infecções por Papillomavirus/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Infecções Respiratórias/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Padrões de Herança/genética , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Genéticos , Projetos Piloto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
This paper reports a case of furuncular myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in a domestic dog from Colombia. A male domestic dog, German shepherd breed, of approximately 2â¯years old was brought for medical consultation. The reason was the presence of one furuncular lesion and discomfort in the patient. Clinical examination revealed a wound over the sacral area similar to an inflammatory papule, with a central punctum exuding a serosanguinous discharge. In the medical examination was applied pressure around the wound, that allowed evidencing a larva inside the tissue. The applied treatment was surgical removal of the larva in the dog. Treatment was complemented with Cephalexin (20â¯mg / kg, twice a day orally for 7â¯days), Meloxicam (0.2â¯mg / kg, once a day orally for 3â¯days) and cleaning with chlorhexidine, three times a day until removal of points 7â¯days later. The larva was sent to Parasitology laboratory of the UDES for morphology identification. The larva was identified as Dermatobia hominis.
Assuntos
Dípteros/fisiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Miíase/veterinária , Animais , Colômbia , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Masculino , Miíase/diagnóstico , Miíase/parasitologia , Miíase/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Given their ability for colonizing the supraglottic region, desiccation tolerance, resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and adherence to both inert surfaces and epithelial cells, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are potentially pathogenic microorganisms for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To perform a molecular characterization and detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in K. pneumoniae and E. coli strains isolated from the supraglottic region of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an ICU. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted in 18 isolates. Disk diffusion technique was used for detecting ESBL-producing bacteria. Molecular characterization was made by BOX-PCR technique, while ESBL production was confirmed by testing the isolates against cefotaxime and ceftazidime, alone and in combination with clavulanic acid. Results: a K. pneumoniae strain and another E. coli strain were confirmed as ESBL producers. A divergence greater than 50% was observed in most of the strains; besides non-infectious origin strains resistant to third generation cephalosporins were found. Conclusion: The polyclonality found in this study might indicate that most of the strains belong to each patient's microbiota.
Resumen Introducción. Dada su capacidad para colonizar la región supraglótica, tolerar desecación, resistir los antibióticos β-lactámicos y adherirse tanto a superficies como a células epiteliales, la Klebsiella pneumoniae y la Escherichia coli son microorganismos potencialmente patógenos para los pacientes de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Objetivo. Realizar la caracterización molecular y la detección de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEES) a cepas de K. pneumoniae y E. coli aisladas de la región supraglótica de pacientes internados en UCI y sometidos a ventilación mecánica. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo realizado en 18 aislamientos. Se utilizó la técnica de difusión en disco para detectar bacterias productoras de BLEES. La caracterización molecular se realizó mediante la técnica de BOX-PCR y la producción de ESBL fue confirmada mediante la prueba con cefotaxima y ceftazidima, solas y combinadas con ácido clavulanico. Resultados. Una cepa de K. pneumoniae y otra de E. coli resultaron productoras de BLEES. La mayoría de cepas presentaron una divergencia superior al 50%, evidenciándose, además, cepas de origen no infeccioso resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Conclusión. La policlonalidad encontrada podría indicar que la mayoría de las cepas pertenecen a la microbiota de cada paciente.
RESUMO
This study evaluates the risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic chagasic miocardiopathy (CChM) in 115 seropositive individuals to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, in Barinas state, Venezuela. Serology was performed with ELISA and MABA; while the CChM diagnosis was established by electrocardiography and echocardiography. A complete clinical history including epidemiological, personal/familiar antecedents and psychobiological habits, plus socioeconomic, psychosocial and alimentary habits interviews were performed for each individual. Risk factors were determined through binary logistic regression. Results showed that 81 patients (70,4%; CI 95% = 66.4-74.4) had criteria for CChM, of which 74 (64.4%; IC 95% = 60.2-68.6) were in phase II; while 34 (29.6%; IC 95% = 25.5-33.5) were in phase I of the disease and 7 (6.1%; IC 95% = 4.0-8.2) in phase III. In a one year period, two patients in phase III died of heart failure. The diagnosis of CChM was associated with hunting practice, maternal history of cardiopathies, chewing chimó, medical history of hypertension and apex beat visible; it was negatively associated with canned and preserved foods ingest. In conclusion the CChM diagnosis has high frequency in seropositive individuals in Barinas and heart failure prevention must be based on an early medical attention and educative strategies in order to control risk factors.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Animais , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/diagnóstico , Comorbidade , Dieta , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Emoções , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Hábitos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Habitação , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exame Físico , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tabaco sem Fumaça , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se determinaron los factores de riesgo asociados al diagnóstico de miocardiopatía chagásica crónica (MChC) en 115 individuos seropositivos para anticuerpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, en el Estado Barinas, Venezuela. La seropositividad fue determinada mediante ELISA y MABA (Multiple Antigen Blot Assay) y el diagnóstico de MChC fue establecido mediante electrocardiografía y ecocardiografía. A cada individuo se le realizó una historia clínica completa que incluyó antecedentes epidemiológicos, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, y hábitos psicobiológicos; además se realizó una encuesta donde se interrogó acerca de factores de riesgo socioeconómicos, psicosociales y de hábitos alimentarios. Los factores de riesgo fueron establecidos mediante una regresión logística binaria. Los resultados mostraron que 81 (70,4%; IC95% = 66,4-74,4) pacientes reunían criterios para el diagnóstico de MChC, de los cuales 74 (64,4%; IC95% = 60,2-68,6) estaban en Fase II (6,1%; IC95% = 4,0-8,2) y 7 en Fase III, mientras que 34 (29,6%; IC95% = 25,5-33,5) estaban en Fase I. En el periodo de 1 año murieron 2 individuos en Fase III. El diagnóstico de MChC estuvo asociado con la práctica de la caza de animales silvestres, el consumo de chimó, antecedentes maternos de cardiopatía, antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial y un ápex visible, como factores de riesgo, mientras que: el consumo de alimentos preservados y enlatados constituyó un factor de protección. En conclusión, el diagnóstico de MChC tiene una alta frecuencia en individuos seropositivos del estado Barinas y la prevención del desarrollo de insuficiencia cardíaca debe basarse en la atención médica precoz y en medidas educativas para controlar los factores de riesgo.
This study evaluates the risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic chagasic miocardiopathy (CChM) in 115 seropositive individuals to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, in Barinas state, Venezuela. Serology was performed with ELISA and MABA; while the CChM diagnosis was established by electrocardiography and echocardiography. A complete clinical history including epidemiological, personal/familiar antecedents and psychobiological habits, plus socioeconomic, psychosocial and alimentary habits interviews were performed for each individual. Risk factors were determined through binary logistic regression. Results showed that 81 patients (70,4%; CI95% = 66.4-74.4) had criteria for CChM, of which 74 (64.4%; IC95% = 60.2-68.6) were in phase II; while 34 (29.6%; IC95% = 25.5-33.5) were in phase I of the disease and 7 (6.1%; IC95% = 4.0-8.2) in phase III. In a one year period, two patients in phase III died of heart failure. The diagnosis of CChM was associated with hunting practice, maternal history of cardiopathies, chewing chimó, medical history of hypertension and apex beat visible; it was negatively associated with canned and preserved foods ingest. In conclusion the CChM diagnosis has high frequency in seropositive individuals in Barinas and heart failure prevention must be based on an early medical attention and educative strategies in order to control risk factors.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Comorbidade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/diagnóstico , Dieta , Reservatórios de Doenças/parasitologia , Emoções , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Hábitos , Habitação , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Exame Físico , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tabaco sem Fumaça , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Phlebotomine vector ecology was studied in the largest recorded outbreak of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Colombia in 2004. In two rural townships that had experienced contrasting patterns of case incidence, this study evaluated phlebotomine species composition, seasonal abundance, nocturnal activity, blood source, prevalence of Leishmania infection, and species identification. CDC miniature light traps were used to trap the phlebotomines. Traps were set indoors, peridomestically, and in woodlands. Natural infection was determined in pools by polymerase chain reaction-Southern blot, and blood sources and species identification were determined by sequencing. Large differences were observed in population abundance between the two townships evaluated. Lutzomyia longiflocosa was the most abundant species (83.1%). Abundance was higher during months with lower precipitation. Nocturnal activity was associated with human domestic activity. Blood sources identified were mainly human (85%). A high prevalence of infection was found in L. longiflocosa indoors (2.7%) and the peridomestic setting (2.5%). L. longiflocosa was responsible for domestic transmission in Chaparral.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Características da Família , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Insetos Vetores/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Dinâmica Populacional , Psychodidae/classificação , Psychodidae/genética , Psychodidae/parasitologia , Chuva , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Se determinó la utilidad de la administración de los óvulos de progesterona vaginal, como soporte de fase lútea en las pacientes sometidas a inseminación artificial homóloga intrauterina; se cuantificaron los valores de progesterona sérica, efectos colaterales y número de gestaciones en dos grupos, de los cuales uno recibió óvulos de progesterona 100 mg cada 12 horas y el otro no. Se estudiaron 65 parejas distribuidas en 74 ciclos durante 6 meses (junio - diciembre de 1996 ), a las cuales se les realizó estimulación ovárica controlada, seguimiento folicular por Ecografía Transvaginal, inseminación artificial homóloga y soporte de fase lútea, en Profamilia e In Ser (Clínica del Prado) Medellín. Se encontró que los dos grupos con óvulos (45) y sin óvulos (29) eran similares en cuanto edad, número de ciclos, número de folículos, indicación de la inseminación, tipo de infertilidad y dosis utilizada. Se presentaron más gestaciones en aquellas pacientes que utilizaron óvulos de progesterona, 11.1 por ciento por ciclo, versus 3.4 por ciento por ciclo en aquellas que no utilizaron soporte de fase lútea (p= 0.57).Se halló un aumento significativo de la progesterona sérica el día 21 y 23 del ciclo, luego de administrar óvulos de progesterona intravaginales (200 mg/día por 15 días), en promedio de 44.3 ng/dl +/- 23.9 para el día 21 y 46.4 ng/dl +/- 27.6 para el dia 23. Mientras que en aquellas pacientes que no utilizaron óvulos el valor el día 21 del ciclo fue de 27.5 ng/dl +/- 12.5 y el día 23 del ciclo fue de 20.68 ng/dl +/- 10.7. Se encontro una diferencia significativa en los valores de progesterona del día 21 (p= 0.0008) y del día 23 ( p= 0.000007), entre las pacientes que recibieron o no óvulos de progesterona.Al realizar el delta de progesterona sérica entre del día 21 y 23 en las pacientes que recibieron los óvulos de progesterona, se presentó una tendencia al aumento en los niveles; mientras en las pacientes que no tuvieron soporte de fase con los óvulos, el valor de.