RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos níveis de inclusão de quirera de arroz na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte sobre o desenvolvimento corporal. O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, onde foram alojados 160 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb com um dia de idade e divididos em quatro tratamentos (0, 20, 40 e 60% de quirera de arroz) com 10 repetições. Aos sete dias foram selecionadas as aves mais pesadas de cada boxe para a avaliação da alometria, sendo abatidas e evisceradas manualmente. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: comprimento corporal, pesos relativos da perna, do peito, da asa, do coração, do fígado e da moela; o comprimento de peito, de perna, de aparelho digestório e de intestino delgado, e a largura e profundidade de peito, bem como a umidade, o extrato etéreo, as cinzas e a proteína corporal. O peso relativo de fígado aumentou com o aumento do nível de quirera de arroz na dieta, enquanto o teor de cinza corporal diminuiu. O peso relativo de moela apresentou efeito quadrático, diminuindo até o nível de 20% e mantendo-se constante posteriormente. A quirera de arroz é um ingrediente de qualidade e pode ser incluída na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte em até 60%.

This work aimed to verify the influence of the levels of inclusion of broken rice in the pre-initial diet of broilers on body development. The experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Pelotas, where 160 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were housed and divided into four treatments (0, 20,40 and 60% of broken rice) with 10 repetitions. At seven days, the heaviest birds in each box were selected for the assessment of allometry, being slaughtered and eviscerated manually. The following parameters were evaluated: body length, relative weights of the leg, chest, wing, heart, liver, and gizzard; the length of the chest, leg, digestive tract, and small intestine, and the width and depth of chest, as well as moisture, ether extract, ash, and body protein. The relative weight of the liver increased with the increase in the level of broken rice in the diet, while the body ash content decreased. The relative weight of gizzard showed a quadratic effect, decreasing to 20% and remaining constant afterwards. The broken rice is a quality ingredient and can be included in the pre-starter diet of broilers by up to 60%.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a influência dos níveis de inclusão de quirera de arroz na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte sobre o desenvolvimento corporal. O experimento foi realizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, onde foram alojados 160 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb com um dia de idade e divididos em quatro tratamentos (0, 20, 40 e 60% de quirera de arroz) com 10 repetições. Aos sete dias foram selecionadas as aves mais pesadas de cada boxe para a avaliação da alometria, sendo abatidas e evisceradas manualmente. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: comprimento corporal, pesos relativos da perna, do peito, da asa, do coração, do fígado e da moela; o comprimento de peito, de perna, de aparelho digestório e de intestino delgado, e a largura e profundidade de peito, bem como a umidade, o extrato etéreo, as cinzas e a proteína corporal. O peso relativo de fígado aumentou com o aumento do nível de quirera de arroz na dieta, enquanto o teor de cinza corporal diminuiu. O peso relativo de moela apresentou efeito quadrático, diminuindo até o nível de 20% e mantendo-se constante posteriormente. A quirera de arroz é um ingrediente de qualidade e pode ser incluída na dieta pré-inicial de frangos de corte em até 60%.(AU)

This work aimed to verify the influence of the levels of inclusion of broken rice in the pre-initial diet of broilers on body development. The experiment was carried out at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Pelotas, where 160 one-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were housed and divided into four treatments (0, 20,40 and 60% of broken rice) with 10 repetitions. At seven days, the heaviest birds in each box were selected for the assessment of allometry, being slaughtered and eviscerated manually. The following parameters were evaluated: body length, relative weights of the leg, chest, wing, heart, liver, and gizzard; the length of the chest, leg, digestive tract, and small intestine, and the width and depth of chest, as well as moisture, ether extract, ash, and body protein. The relative weight of the liver increased with the increase in the level of broken rice in the diet, while the body ash content decreased. The relative weight of gizzard showed a quadratic effect, decreasing to 20% and remaining constant afterwards. The broken rice is a quality ingredient and can be included in the pre-starter diet of broilers by up to 60%.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Three studies were performed to determine the effects of oral energy sources on the performance, immune status, and intestinal morphology of piglets. In Exp. 1, 50 litters were selected based on genotype and parity order to determine the optimum amount of supplemental energy for neonatal pigs. They were distributed according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design, in which columns were represented by 5 sows and rows were represented by 5 newborn weight categories. Treatments consisted of 2 oral doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mL of rice bran oil (RBO). There was a positive response of RBO on BW with a numerical difference (P = 0.12) and a significant linear effect (P = 0.04) at weaning. In Exp. 2, litters (n = 340) were randomly allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: RBO supplemented either through oral doses (without supplementation or with 2 mL of RBO) or through prestarter feed (without supplementation or with 2% of RBO replacing 2% of soybean oil). Piglets orally receiving RBO showed a numerical increase in BW at weaning (P = 0.101) compared with the control group. Moreover, piglets supplemented by prestarter feed tended to increase feed intake (P = 0.084). In Exp. 3, litters (n = 245) were selected based on genotype and parity order and they were distributed according to a 7 × 7 Latin square design planed in the same way as in Exp. 1. Each neonatal pig within a litter was randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments: 1) control (no supplementation), 2) 2 mL of RBO enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, 3) 2.33 mL of pure glycerin, 4) 1.3 mL of soybean oil, 5) 1.4 mL of linseed oil, 6) 1.68 mL of coconut oil, and 7) 2 mL of RBO. Animal performance was analyzed using 2 data sets: all data (average initial BW of 1.479 kg) and low birth weight (LBW) piglet data (≤1.220 kg initial BW with average of 0.985 kg). Body weight or BW gain (BWG) were not different among treatments (P > 0.10) when all data were analyzed. However, LBW piglets fed coconut oil tended to increase BW (P = 0.099) during the first week. In conclusion, the oral use of RBO may increase BW at weaning and the supplementation by prestarter feed may enhance the feed intake of piglets. In addition, coconut oil may increase BW of LBW piglets in the first week of life without affecting mortality, immune response, or gut morphology. The routine practice of oral supplementation of energy for newborn pigs could be an important tool in swine production.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was carried out to determine the combining effects of feeding up to 15 mg kg−1 ractopamine (RAC) to physically castrated (PC) pigs or those injected with an anti-GnRF vaccine (IC), on growth performance during suckling, weaning, growing and finishing phases. Out of a total of 1,160 male piglets, 50 % were surgically castrated at age 7, while 50 % underwent immunization against GnRF on the 103rd and 136th day of life. A completely randomized design, with two treatments (PC and IC), was used from the 1st until the 60th day of life. Afterwards, 792 animals, PC and IC, selected according to overall average weight (23.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted based on a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (castration categories × RAC levels) with 9 replications (11 animals) per main combination effect. IC growing pigs improved feed conversion due to lower average daily feed intake and higher average daily gain (ADG). During the finishing phase, both RAC and immunocastration increased body weight, but the effects were independent. RAC, on its own improved ADG and feed conversion. However, pigs fed 10 mg kg−1 RAC had higher blood lactate compared to those fed lower levels, suggesting that these animals were more susceptible to stress. Muscle depth was influenced only by RAC, whereas fat thickness was lower for IC. Lean meat increased and fat decreased in the shoulder and belly of IC; RAC had a positive effect on belly lean meat only. Either immunocastration or RAC inclusion (at least 5 mg kg−1) promoted muscle gain and fat reduction in pig carcass, adding value to pork.

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was carried out to determine the combining effects of feeding up to 15 mg kg−1 ractopamine (RAC) to physically castrated (PC) pigs or those injected with an anti-GnRF vaccine (IC), on growth performance during suckling, weaning, growing and finishing phases. Out of a total of 1,160 male piglets, 50 % were surgically castrated at age 7, while 50 % underwent immunization against GnRF on the 103rd and 136th day of life. A completely randomized design, with two treatments (PC and IC), was used from the 1st until the 60th day of life. Afterwards, 792 animals, PC and IC, selected according to overall average weight (23.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted based on a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments (castration categories × RAC levels) with 9 replications (11 animals) per main combination effect. IC growing pigs improved feed conversion due to lower average daily feed intake and higher average daily gain (ADG). During the finishing phase, both RAC and immunocastration increased body weight, but the effects were independent. RAC, on its own improved ADG and feed conversion. However, pigs fed 10 mg kg−1 RAC had higher blood lactate compared to those fed lower levels, suggesting that these animals were more susceptible to stress. Muscle depth was influenced only by RAC, whereas fat thickness was lower for IC. Lean meat increased and fat decreased in the shoulder and belly of IC; RAC had a positive effect on belly lean meat only. Either immunocastration or RAC inclusion (at least 5 mg kg−1) promoted muscle gain and fat reduction in pig carcass, adding value to pork.(AU)

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RESUMO

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do sistema de compostagem de dejetos e da aeração passiva no tratamento de resíduos da produção animal no município de Capão do Leão, no Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se uma estrutura coberta com filme de polietileno de baixa densidade e aberta nas laterais, que recebeu seis caixas de plástico reforçado com fibra de vidro. O estudo foi realizado com dois tratamentos, os quais foram constituídos pela mistura de dejetos líquidos de bovinos leiteiros e maravalha, e de bovinos leiteiros e cama de aviário de dois lotes de frangos de corte. O SISCODE é eficiente na transformação dos resíduos líquidos em sólidos da produção animal, já que a alta umidade relativa e a baixa temperatura ambiente no município não afetam tal sistema de tratamento. A aeração passiva não é eficiente na evaporação do excedente de água e na oxigenação dos substratos compostados, não devendo ser utilizada na compostagem da mistura de resíduos líquidos e sólidos da produção animal.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of composting of residues system and passive aeration for treating animal residues in Capão do Leão, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A low-density polythene film covered up a laterally opened structure was used. Such structure was to protect six plastic and glass fiber boxes. The study was carried out with two treatments, which were constituted by a mixture of liquid bovine residues and wood shaving; and a mixture of liquid bovine residues and poultry litter. SISCODE is efficient for transformation of the liquid in solid residues, given that local high-relative humidity and the low environmental temperature do not affect such residues treatment system. Passive aeration is not efficient for both evaporating excess of water and oxygenating composting substrates. Therefore, it should not be used for composting a mixture of liquid and solid residues from animal production.