RESUMO
Los premios Nobel surgen en 1895 cuando Alfred Nobel firma su testamento dejando una gran parte de su riqueza a la creación de la Fundación Nobel y para el establecimiento de premios, a personas capaces de ayudar a mejorar la humanidad a través del conocimiento, la ciencia y el humanismo. Este premio se otorga en áreas, como la física, fisiología o medicina, química, literatura, paz y economía. Inició en 1901 y se mantiene hasta la actualidad, donde se han galardonado a 943 personas y 25 organizaciones. La historia y conocimientos conmemorados en los premios Nobel ha permitido un desarrollo íntegro en la comprensión, diagnóstico, terapia y progresos científicos en los diversos tipos de cáncer, sentando las bases y siendo la inspiración de miles de científicos a nivel mundial que trabajan arduamente en el área de la oncología. Estimaciones de la web GLOBOCAN indican que a nivel mundial se produjeron aproximadamente 19 millones de nuevos casos de cáncer y casi 10 millones de muertes por cáncer solo en el 2020. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar y reunir los principales descubrimientos científicos premiados con el Nobel en el área de la fisiología o medicina y química, que contribuyeron al conocimiento, diagnóstico y/o tratamiento oncológico desde 1901 a 2021.
The Nobel Prize originated in 1895 when Alfred Nobel signed his will, leaving a large part of his wealth to the creation of the Nobel Foundation and the establishment of this prize, with the vision that people could help improve humanity through knowledge, science, and humanism. The Nobel Prize has been awarded in areas such as physics, physiology or medicine, chemistry, literature, peace, and economics. 943 people and 25 organizations have been awarded since 1901 to this day. The history and knowledge commemorated in the Nobel Prize have allowed an integral development in the understanding, diagnosis, therapy, and scientific progress in different types of cancer, laying the foundations and being the inspiration for thousands of scientists worldwide who work hard in the area of oncology. GLOBOCAN estimates indicated that there were approximately 19 million new cancer cases globally and almost 10 million cancer deaths in 2020 alone; hence, this study reviews and brings together the main scientific discoveries awarded with the Nobel Prize in the area of physiology or medicine and chemistry, which contributed to the knowledge, diagnosis and/or treatment of cancer from 1901 to 2021.
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Neoplasias/história , Prêmio NobelRESUMO
The Nobel Prize originated in 1895 when Alfred Nobel signed his will, leaving a large part of his wealth to the creation of the Nobel Foundation and the establishment of this prize, with the vision that people could help improve humanity through knowledge, science, and humanism. The Nobel Prize has been awarded in areas such as physics, physiology or medicine, chemistry, literature, peace, and economics. 943 people and 25 organizations have been awarded since 1901 to this day. The history and knowledge commemorated in the Nobel Prize have allowed an integral development in the understanding, diagnosis, therapy, and scientific progress in different types of cancer, laying the foundations and being the inspiration for thousands of scientists worldwide who work hard in the area of oncology. GLOBOCAN estimates indicated that there were approximately 19 million new cancer cases globally and almost 10 million cancer deaths in 2020 alone; hence, this study reviews and brings together the main scientific discoveries awarded with the Nobel Prize in the area of physiology or medicine and chemistry, which contributed to the knowledge, diagnosis and/or treatment of cancer from 1901 to 2021.