RESUMO
PURPOSE: To present an overview of type 2 diabetes status in Latin America and the Caribbean region. METHODS: The data were collected from the International Diabetes Federation Atlas and other available published sources where we identified the prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean, the trends by regions, and sex. Also, we summarized the type 2 diabetes direct and indirect costs, and the current preventative programs and policies available for each region. RESULTS: Latin America and the Caribbean has one of the fastest-growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, in particular the Caribbean region. Costs are relatively high in Central American countries and the Caribbean Islands. Currently, type 2 diabetes prevention, diagnosis, and management are insufficient in Latin America and the Caribbean and they do not offer a multidisciplinary integrative approach. CONCLUSION: Effective and preventive multidisciplinary policies should be implemented in Latin America and the Caribbean to decrease the high burden of type 2 diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Índias Ocidentais/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Alimentos , Valor Nutritivo , Ingestão de Alimentos , Necessidades Nutricionais , Índias OcidentaisRESUMO
Despite lack of uniformity of data, emerging evidence of the effictiveness of nutrition services in outpatient services , prenatal services, among diabetic and hypertensive patients indicate that nutrition services can lead to dietary change and subsequently to improved health outcomes and ultimately to decreased health care costs
Assuntos
Humanos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Programas de Nutrição , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Aleitamento Materno , Jamaica , Distúrbios Nutricionais/economia , Prevenção PrimáriaRESUMO
Despite lack of uniformity of data, emerging evidence of the effictiveness of nutrition services in outpatient services , prenatal services, among diabetic and hypertensive patients indicate that nutrition services can lead to dietary change and subsequently to improved health outcomes and ultimately to decreased health care costs
Assuntos
Humanos , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Análise Custo-Benefício , Programas de Nutrição , Prevenção Primária , Aleitamento Materno , Distúrbios Nutricionais/economia , JamaicaRESUMO
This survey sets out to examine Jamaican Service Club members' beliefs about prevention strategies for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity; the prevalence of modifiable risk factors and to estimate self-reported cardiovascular risk. Kiwanis, Lions and Rotary Club members completed questionnaires which assessed their knowledge of specific strategies to prevent hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Service clubs in Kingston, Jamaica were sampled at their regular monthly meetings. Among the 320 members, 253 were males, 67 were females and the majority (61.4 per cent) of respondents had attended university. Respondents demonstrated moderate to high accuracy in their ability to identify prevention strategies for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. The majority of respondents (85.9 per cent) reported normal blood pressure levels, and a non-smoking habit (84.8 per cent). However, as many as 31.8 per cent of respondents indicated that their blood cholesterol levels had never been measured. More females (49.3 per cent) than males (27.0 per cent) had never measured their blood cholesterol level. Despite widespread awareness of the importance of exercise for decreasing the risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity, only 36.7 per cent of males and 27.3 per cent of females participated in aerobic activity three times a week. Since exercise appears to be the limiting factor for improving cardiovascular health, programme planners who seek to improve cardiovascular health among service club members need to offer effective strategies for translating individuals' knowledge about the importance of exercise into a personal fitness programme. The highest cardiovascular risk score was derived by those who never participated in aerobic exercise (1.13), compared to those who exercised three times a week (.66). Maximum cardiovascular score was 3.5, minimum 0.0. Those who had attempted to lose weight within six months of the survey (1.00) had a significantly higher risk score than those who had never attempted weight loss (.56) (p<.05), suggesting that chronic dieters were largely unsuccessful at achieving permanent weight loss. Females (.93) had a higher cardiovascular risk compared to males (.77), although the difference was not statistically significant. History of attempted weight loss and aerobic exercise were the only significant predictors of cardiovascular risk
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico , Jamaica , Obesidade , Fatores de Risco , Redução de PesoRESUMO
This survey sets out to examine Jamaican Service Club members' beliefs about prevention strategies for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity; the prevalence of modifiable risk factors and to estimate self-reported cardiovascular risk. Kiwanis, Lions and Rotary Club members completed questionnaires which assessed their knowledge of specific strategies to prevent hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. Service clubs in Kingston, Jamaica were sampled at their regular monthly meetings. Among the 320 members, 253 were males, 67 were females and the majority (61.4 per cent) of respondents had attended university. Respondents demonstrated moderate to high accuracy in their ability to identify prevention strategies for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. The majority of respondents (85.9 per cent) reported normal blood pressure levels, and a non-smoking habit (84.8 per cent). However, as many as 31.8 per cent of respondents indicated that their blood cholesterol levels had never been measured. More females (49.3 per cent) than males (27.0 per cent) had never measured their blood cholesterol level. Despite widespread awareness of the importance of exercise for decreasing the risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity, only 36.7 per cent of males and 27.3 per cent of females participated in aerobic activity three times a week. Since exercise appears to be the limiting factor for improving cardiovascular health, programme planners who seek to improve cardiovascular health among service club members need to offer effective strategies for translating individuals' knowledge about the importance of exercise into a personal fitness programme. The highest cardiovascular risk score was derived by those who never participated in aerobic exercise (1.13), compared to those who exercised three times a week (.66). Maximum cardiovascular score was 3.5, minimum 0.0. Those who had attempted to lose weight within six months of the survey (1.00) had a significantly higher risk score than those who had never attempted weight loss (.56) (p<.05), suggesting that chronic dieters were largely unsuccessful at achieving permanent weight loss. Females (.93) had a higher cardiovascular risk compared to males (.77), although the difference was not statistically significant. History of attempted weight loss and aerobic exercise were the only significant predictors of cardiovascular risk (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , 21003 , Feminino , Adulto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hipertensão/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Jamaica , Obesidade , Exercício Físico , Redução de Peso , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Household interviews were conducted with a nationally representative quota sample of 948 rural and urban Jamaicans to examine attitudes to fast food restautants and fast food eating patterns; and how those attitudes and patterns vary by age, location, social class and gender. The most popular fast food restaurant was Kentucky Fried Chicken, which was twice more favoured as its closest rival Mothers', followed by Tastee Patties. Professionals were more likely to patronize Burger King than unskilled persons. Kentucky Fried Chicken was rated as the most expensive fast food restaurant as well as the fast food restaurant offering the fastest service; serving the tastiest, and best quality food. the most popular fast food was fried chicken, twice as popular as traditional Jamaican patties (cresent-shaped pastry shells filled with a green leafy vegetable, vegetables, or ground beef), followed by hamburgers and cheeseburgers. Regarding frequency of visits to fast food restaurants, 20.2 percent of respondents had visited fast food restaurants once in the three-month period prior to the interview. Approximately 29.2 percent had patronized fast food restaurants between two-to-five times, and 19.8 percent had not visited a fast food restaurant within the last three-months. Males were more likely than females to patronize fast food restaurants on a regular basis
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ingestão de Alimentos , Comportamento Alimentar , Jamaica , Restaurantes , Comportamento do ConsumidorRESUMO
Household interviews were conducted with a nationally representative quota sample of 948 rural and urban Jamaicans to examine attitudes to fast food restautants and fast food eating patterns; and how those attitudes and patterns vary by age, location, social class and gender. The most popular fast food restaurant was Kentucky Fried Chicken, which was twice more favoured as its closest rival Mothers', followed by Tastee Patties. Professionals were more likely to patronize Burger King than unskilled persons. Kentucky Fried Chicken was rated as the most expensive fast food restaurant as well as the fast food restaurant offering the fastest service; serving the tastiest, and best quality food. the most popular fast food was fried chicken, twice as popular as traditional Jamaican patties (cresent-shaped pastry shells filled with a green leafy vegetable, vegetables, or ground beef), followed by hamburgers and cheeseburgers. Regarding frequency of visits to fast food restaurants, 20.2 percent of respondents had visited fast food restaurants once in the three-month period prior to the interview. Approximately 29.2 percent had patronized fast food restaurants between two-to-five times, and 19.8 percent had not visited a fast food restaurant within the last three-months. Males were more likely than females to patronize fast food restaurants on a regular basis (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Alimentar , Ingestão de Alimentos , Restaurantes/economia , Jamaica , Comportamento do Consumidor , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of potential drug/food interactions among 290 elderly Barbadian outpatients. These findings indicate that chart audit is insensitive to definite interactions but was able to detect the prevalence of potential interactions (1.38 per outpatient). The risk of potential interaction was significantly higher among outpatients who were older, female, and those who used a larger number of prescribed medications. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of potential interactions among diabetics and nondiabetics. The findings indicate that the absence of relevant data on patients'symptoms, and anthropometric and laboratory measures in more than 80 percent of patients' charts makes it impossible to assess the prevalence of definite drug/food interactions from chart audit. Weight changes, nutrient levels, and symptoms were the most frequently missing data. Chart audit is therefore an invalid and unreliavle approach to estimate definite drug/food medications (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Interações Alimento-Droga , Auditoria Médica , Avaliação Geriátrica , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Linhas Diretas , BarbadosAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Linhas Diretas , BarbadosRESUMO
The ultimate objective of nutrition education for diet-related diseases is lifelong dietary changes and this can be achieved only with the voluntary cooperation of the consumer. It is the responsibility of nutrition professionals to employ strategies that actively involve participants in the educational process and give regular feedback. The Self-Check, Group Check model approach is one such strategy, which is recommended for nutrition professionals who are willing but unable to devote maximal effort and resources to the development of effective nutrition education approaches
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
A knowledge survey on heart disease prevention or heart health was administered to 320 male and female Jamaican service club members. Respondents demonstrated moderate-to-high awareness of heart health in general (88 percent) but substantially less awareness of healthy heart nutrition (48.0 percent). Those respondents who demonstrated significantly higher awareness of heart health tended to be normotensive and non-smokers; self-described overweight and university-educated respondents. Those respondents who demonstrated significantly higher awareness of the relationship between diet and heart disease prevention tended to be male, university-educated, and affiliated to Rotary or Kiwanis (compared to the Lions Club). Due to the absence of existing data and awareness of weight loss strategies among Caribbean people, these data are particularly interesting. Approximately 43.6 percent of male and 56.7 percent of female respondents had attenpted to lose weight in the 6-month period prior to the survey. These weight loss attempts coexisted with moderately high levels of awareness of the best strategies for weight loss. Female respondents (56.7 percent) and recent dieters (73.8 percent) were significantly more likely to identify both strategies than male respondents (47.3 percent); and those who had never attempted to lose weight (26.2 percent). The data suggests that the existing knowledge gaps about heart disease prevention among privileged Jamaican are apparent in two areas; (1) the relationship between diet and heart disease; and (2) practical strategies for permanent weight loss which encourage individuals to translate knowledge into healthful behaviour. (AU)