RESUMO
This article explores the progressive integration of -omics methods, including genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics, into sports research, highlighting the development of the concept of "sportomics." We discuss how sportomics can be used to comprehend the multilevel metabolism during exercise in real-life conditions faced by athletes, enabling potential personalized interventions to improve performance and recovery and reduce injuries, all with a minimally invasive approach and reduced time. Sportomics may also support highly personalized investigations, including the implementation of n-of-1 clinical trials and the curation of extensive datasets through long-term follow-up of athletes, enabling tailored interventions for athletes based on their unique physiological responses to different conditions. Beyond its immediate sport-related applications, we delve into the potential of utilizing the sportomics approach to translate Big Data regarding top-level athletes into studying different human diseases, especially with nontargeted analysis. Furthermore, we present how the amalgamation of bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and integrative computational analysis aids in investigating biochemical pathways, and facilitates the search for various biomarkers. We also highlight how sportomics can offer relevant information about doping control analysis. Overall, sportomics offers a comprehensive approach providing novel insights into human metabolism during metabolic stress, leveraging cutting-edge systems science techniques and technologies.
Assuntos
Inteligência Artificial , Multiômica , Humanos , Genômica , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Proteômica/métodos , Metabolômica/métodosRESUMO
Sportomics is a subject-centered holistic method similar to metabolomics focusing on sports as the metabolic challenge. Dried blood spot is emerging as a technique due to its simplicity and reproducibility. In addition, mass spectrometry and integrative computational biology enhance our ability to understand exercise-induced modifications. We studied inflammatory blood proteins (Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein-A1AG1; Albumin; Cystatin C; C-reactive protein-CRP; Hemoglobin-HBA; Haptoglobin-HPT; Insulin-like growth factor 1; Lipopolysaccharide binding protein-LBP; Mannose-binding lectin-MBL2; Myeloperoxidase-PERM and Serum amyloid A1-SAA1), in 687 samples from 97 World-class and Olympic athletes across 16 sports in nine states. Data were analyzed with Spearman's rank-order correlation. Major correlations with CRP, LBP; MBL2; A1AG1, and SAA1 were found. The pairs CRP-SAA1 and CRP-LBP appeared with a robust positive correlation. Other pairs, LBP-SAA1; A1AG1-CRP; A1AG1-SAA1; A1AG1-MBL, and A1AG1-LBP, showed a broader correlation across the sports. The protein-protein interaction map revealed 1500 interactions with 44 core proteins, 30 of them linked to immune system processing. We propose that the inflammation follow-up in exercise can provide knowledge for internal cargo management in training, competition, recovery, doping control, and a deeper understanding of health and disease.
Assuntos
Lectina de Ligação a Manose , Esportes , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Proteínas de Fase Aguda , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , AtletasRESUMO
(1) Background: We have been using the Sportomics approach to evaluate biochemical and hematological changes in response to exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and hematologic responses of world-class canoeists during a training session; (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken at different points and analyzed for their hematological properties, activities of selected enzymes, hormones, and metabolites; (3) Results: Muscle stress biomarkers were elevated in response to exercise which correlated with modifications in the profile of white blood cells, where a leukocyte rise was observed after the canoe session. These results were accompanied by an increase in other exercise intensity parameters such as lactatemia and ammonemia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol increased during the exercise sessions. The acute rise in both erythrocytes and white blood profile were probably due to muscle cell damage, rather than hepatocyte integrity impairment; (4) Conclusion: The cellular and metabolic responses found here, together with effective nutrition support, are crucial to understanding the effects of exercise in order to assist in the creation of new training and recovery planning. Also we show that Sportomics is a primal tool for training management and performance improvement, as well as to the understanding of metabolic response to exercise.