RESUMO

This study aimed to examine the in vitro culture of secondary preantral follicles, using reused ovaries, to compare both the 2D and 3D methods of in vitro culture of preantral follicles, and the system of medium replacement. Twenty-five pairs of ovaries from mixed-breed goats were used for the experiment. Follicular puncture of antral follicles was performed for in vitro production. After this procedure, the secondary preantral follicles were submitted to a microdissection procedure. The isolated preantral follicles were randomly divided into three treatments: (a) Two-dimensional culture with partial replacement of medium during culture (2D PR), (b) Three-dimensional culture with addition of medium during culture (3D AD) and (c) Three-dimensional culture with partial replacement of medium (3D PR). The culture period was 18 days. All treatments at the end of the in vitro culture period (18 days) presented a follicular survival rate which ranged from 59% to 70%, demonstrating that it was possible to perform an experiment with preantral follicles using ovaries that had previously been used in another reproductive biotechnique. The 3D AD treatment showed a survival percentage and follicular diameter higher than the 2D PR treatment, however, it did not differ from the 3D PR treatment. In conclusion, experiments employing the use of preantral follicles can be performed with success after the ovaries have been used for experiments with antral follicles. Moreover, the three-dimensional system with the addition of medium is recommended for in vitro culture of preantral follicles, since this system is more practical and financially feasible.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A maioria dos oócitos imaturos nos ovários encontra-se armazenada nos folículos pré-antrais, sendo este a principal reserva ovariana. Entretanto, durante o desenvolvimento folicular uma pequena proporção (0,1%) destes folículos chega ao estágio pré-ovulatório sendo o restante eliminado por atresia. A tecnologia de cultivo folicular in vitro, denominada ovário artificial, representa uma excelente ferramenta para desvendar o controle da foliculogênese nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, bem como poderá assegurar no futuro a utilização de um grande número de oócitos imaturos, previamente crescidos in vitro, em técnicas de reprodução assistida em humanos e em outras espécies, incluindo os ruminantes. Os melhores resultados da tecnologia do ovário artificial foram relatados em camundongos, com a produção de crias vivas a partir de folículos primordiais crescidos in vitro. Entretanto, em outras espécies, incluindo os ruminantes, os resultados têm sido restritos à produção de um pequeno e variável número de oócitos maturos e uma baixa taxa de produção de embriões após o cultivo in vitro de folículos secundários isolados. A presente revisão discute as aplicações, critérios para avaliação de eficiência, estado atual, limitações e perspectivas da tecnologia do ovário artificial em ruminantes, com ênfase nas espécies bovina, caprina e ovina.(AU)

Most immature oocytes in the ovaries are stored in the preantral follicles, which represent the main ovarian reserve. However, during follicular development, a small proportion (0.1%) of these follicles reaches the preovulatory stage, the rest being eliminated by atresia. The in vitro follicle culture technology, called artificial ovary, represents an excellent tool to understand the control of folliculogenesis in the early stages of development, as well as to ensure in the future the use of a large number of immature oocytes, previously grown in vitro, in assisted reproductive technologies in humans and other species, including ruminants. The best results from artificial ovary technology so far were reported in mice, with the production of live offspring from primordial follicles grown in vitro. However, in other species, including ruminants, the results have been limited to the production of a small and variable number of mature oocytes and a low rate of embryo production after in vitro culture of isolated secondary follicles. The present review discusses the applications, criteria for evaluating efficiency, current status, limitations and perspectives of artificial ovary technology in ruminants, with emphasis on bovine, caprine, and ovine species.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A maioria dos oócitos imaturos nos ovários encontra-se armazenada nos folículos pré-antrais, sendo este a principal reserva ovariana. Entretanto, durante o desenvolvimento folicular uma pequena proporção (0,1%) destes folículos chega ao estágio pré-ovulatório sendo o restante eliminado por atresia. A tecnologia de cultivo folicular in vitro, denominada ovário artificial, representa uma excelente ferramenta para desvendar o controle da foliculogênese nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, bem como poderá assegurar no futuro a utilização de um grande número de oócitos imaturos, previamente crescidos in vitro, em técnicas de reprodução assistida em humanos e em outras espécies, incluindo os ruminantes. Os melhores resultados da tecnologia do ovário artificial foram relatados em camundongos, com a produção de crias vivas a partir de folículos primordiais crescidos in vitro. Entretanto, em outras espécies, incluindo os ruminantes, os resultados têm sido restritos à produção de um pequeno e variável número de oócitos maturos e uma baixa taxa de produção de embriões após o cultivo in vitro de folículos secundários isolados. A presente revisão discute as aplicações, critérios para avaliação de eficiência, estado atual, limitações e perspectivas da tecnologia do ovário artificial em ruminantes, com ênfase nas espécies bovina, caprina e ovina.

Most immature oocytes in the ovaries are stored in the preantral follicles, which represent the main ovarian reserve. However, during follicular development, a small proportion (0.1%) of these follicles reaches the preovulatory stage, the rest being eliminated by atresia. The in vitro follicle culture technology, called artificial ovary, represents an excellent tool to understand the control of folliculogenesis in the early stages of development, as well as to ensure in the future the use of a large number of immature oocytes, previously grown in vitro, in assisted reproductive technologies in humans and other species, including ruminants. The best results from artificial ovary technology so far were reported in mice, with the production of live offspring from primordial follicles grown in vitro. However, in other species, including ruminants, the results have been limited to the production of a small and variable number of mature oocytes and a low rate of embryo production after in vitro culture of isolated secondary follicles. The present review discusses the applications, criteria for evaluating efficiency, current status, limitations and perspectives of artificial ovary technology in ruminants, with emphasis on bovine, caprine, and ovine species.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of the present study was to determine the role of GDF-9 and/or FSH on the growth and mRNA expression for FSH-R, GDF-9, and BMPs in goat secondary follicles after culture in vitro. Goat secondary follicles (~200µm) were isolated and cultured for six days in minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with GDF-9 (200 ng/mL), FSH (50 ng/mL) or both. At the beginning and end of culture, the follicular diameter was evaluated and compared. The levels of mRNA for GDF-9, FSH-R and BMPs -2, -4, -6, -7 and -15 in cultured follicles were quantified by real time PCR. The results showed that a significant increase of follicle diameter after six days when compared to day 0, but the presence of GDF-9 and FSH did not influence the follicular growth in comparison with those cultured in MEM. Real time PCR showed that GDF-9 down-regulated the levels of mRNA for BMPs -2 and -15, while FSH either alone or in combination with GDF-9 did not affect the expression of GDF-9, FSH-R and BMPs. In conclusion, GDF-9 reduced the expression of BMP-2 and -15 in caprine preantral follicles after their culture, but FSH either alone or in association with GDF-9 did not control the expression of GDF-9, FSH-R and BMPs.