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PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: To establish the eligibility criteria, the acronym PECOS was used: Population: non-institutionalized older adults; Exposure: older adults with malnutrition; Control: older adults without malnutrition; Outcome: masticatory problems in malnourished older adults; Study types: observational studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: It selected studies assessing malnutrition and mastication difficulties in non-institutionalized adults over 60 years old, of both sexes. Mastication and malnutrition were evaluated with questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and clinical and instrumental assessments. There were no restrictions on language, year of publication, or ethnicity. DATA ANALYSIS: The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. For the cross-sectional studies included, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: After searching the databases, 692 references were retrieved, with three studies selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The values obtained in the meta-analysis for association show that malnutrition and mastication difficulties were 2.21 times as likely to occur (OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 0.93 - 5.26; I2 = 94%) as individuals without malnutrition (p < 0.001). The assessment of the risk of bias presented a high-risk, a moderate-risk, and a low-risk study. The certainty of evidence was rated very low with the GRADE tool. CONCLUSION: Individuals at risk of malnutrition are 2.21 times as likely to have mastication difficulties.

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ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the relationship between mastication and malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults. Research strategies To establish the eligibility criteria, the acronym PECOS was used: Population: non-institutionalized older adults; Exposure: older adults with malnutrition; Control: older adults without malnutrition; Outcome: masticatory problems in malnourished older adults; Study types: observational studies. Selection criteria It selected studies assessing malnutrition and mastication difficulties in non-institutionalized adults over 60 years old, of both sexes. Mastication and malnutrition were evaluated with questionnaires on self-reported symptoms and clinical and instrumental assessments. There were no restrictions on language, year of publication, or ethnicity. Data analysis The included studies were evaluated for methodological quality with the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. For the cross-sectional studies included, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results After searching the databases, 692 references were retrieved, with three studies selected for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The values obtained in the meta-analysis for association show that malnutrition and mastication difficulties were 2.21 times as likely to occur (OR = 2.21; 95%CI = 0.93 - 5.26; I2 = 94%) as individuals without malnutrition (p < 0.001). The assessment of the risk of bias presented a high-risk, a moderate-risk, and a low-risk study. The certainty of evidence was rated very low with the GRADE tool. Conclusion Individuals at risk of malnutrition are 2.21 times as likely to have mastication difficulties.

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PURPOSE: To analyze the impact of photobiomodulation combined with orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) on the oral health quality of life (OHQOL) of individuals with temporomandibular disorder, before and after the treatment. METHODS: Blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial with 34 volunteers randomly distributed into two groups: G1, who received OMT combined with photobiomodulation, and G2, treated with OMT combined with inactive laser. The subjects were first assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) to classify them according to the degree of orofacial pain and with the Oral Health Impact Profile - Short Form (OHIP-14) regarding the impact on the OHQOL. The resulting data were statistically analyzed. The significance level was set at 0.05 (95%). RESULTS: "Physical pain", "psychological discomfort", "physical disability", and "psychological disability" were the aspects with the greatest impact on the OHQOL. The G1 subjects responded positively to their treatment, as well as G2 to theirs. There was a strong positive correlation between VAS and total OHIP-14 score in both groups after the treatment. However, the functional recovery in the control group individuals (G2) was the most perceived positive change in the OHQOL in comparison with the experimental group (G1). CONCLUSION: The people who received photobiomodulation combined with OMT perceived an improvement in the OHQOL, as well as those treated with placebo laser. There was a strong positive correlation in both groups in the improvement of the degree of pain and self-perception of the OHQOL.

OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde oral de indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular, antes e após o tratamento de fotobiomodulação associada a terapia miofuncional orofacial. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado e cego, com 34 voluntários distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G1, que recebeu a Terapia Miofuncional Orofacial (TMO) associada a fotobiomodulação e o G2, tratado pela TMO associada ao laser inativo. Os indivíduos foram submetidos, primeiramente, à avaliação para serem classificados de acordo com o grau da dor orofacial pela Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e também quanto ao impacto da qualidade de vida relacionada a saúde oral (QVRSO) pelo questionário Oral Health Impact Profile ­ Short form (OHIP-14). Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05 (95%). RESULTADOS: "Dor física", "desconforto psicológico", "limitação física" e "limitação psicológica" foram os aspectos mais impactantes na QVRSO. O G1 apresentou respostas positivas para o respectivo tratamento, assim como o G2. Observou-se correlação positiva e de grau forte para EVA e escore total do OHIP-14 em ambos os grupos após tratamento. Porém, os indivíduos do grupo controle (G2) evidenciaram que a recuperação funcional foi o aspecto que mais se percebeu de mudança positiva na QVRSO em comparação ao grupo experimental (G1). CONCLUSÃO: As pessoas que receberam fotobiomodulação associada a TMO-perceberam melhora da QVRSO, assim como as tratadas com o laser placebo. Houve correlação positiva e forte em ambos os grupos na melhora do grau da dor e autopercepção da QVRSO.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an epidemiological screening questionnaire for oropharyngeal dysphagia in older people. BACKGROUND: Determining the cut-off point and the accuracy of the self-reported epidemiological questionnaire for screening oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults is important for mass screening, which may estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study with a convenience sample of 70 older adults over 60 years of age of both sexes, aged between 60 and 90 years (mean age 69.2; SD, 7.6). It used a screening questionnaire with nine ordered items response options resulted in a score ranging from 0 to 18. The criterion test was the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, with analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: Oropharyngeal dysphagia frequency by the criterion test was 73%, with no significant difference between age and sex. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.98) above the cut-off point 3. This screening questionnaire showed good parameters of sensitivity (80%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (95%), negative predictive value (63%), positive likelihood ratio (7.64), negative likelihood ratio (0.22) and accuracy (83%). CONCLUSIONS: This questionnaire may be a satisfactory screening tool for estimating the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults.

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RESUMO Objetivo identificar quais são os sinais e sintomas de disfagia orofaríngea mais presentes nos idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência. Estratégia de pesquisa revisão integrativa realizada em quatro bases de dados: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed e Web of Science, com uso de termos na língua inglesa e aplicação de filtros por idioma e idade. Critérios de seleção estudos disponíveis na forma de texto completo em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem restrição de tempo de publicação, relacionados a idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência que referiram disfagia orofaríngea. Foram excluídos estudos relacionados a idosos da comunidade ou que estavam em hospitais, e com outras condições de saúde não relacionadas aos problemas de deglutição. Resultados de 389 estudos, 16 foram incluídos nesta revisão, publicados entre os anos de 1986 e 2020. Houve predomínio de participantes do sexo feminino, com média mínima de idade de 71 anos e máxima de 87 anos. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes de disfagia orofaríngea foram presença de tosse e engasgo, além de outros relevantes, como pressão de língua diminuída, voz molhada, perda de peso e deglutição lenta. Conclusão de acordo com os estudos revisados, os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes relacionados à disfagia orofaríngea nos idosos institucionalizados foram presença de tosse e engasgo, antes, durante ou após a deglutição.

Abstract Purpose To identify the most prevalent signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly adults who live in old folks' home. Research strategy Integrative review carried out in four databases: Embase, Lilacs, MEDLINE/Pubmed, and Web of Science using English terms and filters for language and age. Selection criteria Studies available in the full-text form in English, Portuguese or Spanish, with no publication time restrictions, related to elderly people living in care homes who reported oropharyngeal dysphagia. Studies related to elderly people in the community or in hospitals and with other health issuesthat were not related to swallowing disorders were excluded. Results Of 389 studies, 16 were included in this review, published between 1986 and 2020. There was a predominance of female participants whose minimum mean age was 71 and maximum, 87. The most frequent signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal dysphagia were the presence of coughing and choking, in addition to other relevant ones, such as diminished tongue pressure, wet voice, weight loss, and slow swallowing. Conclusion According to the reviewed studies, the most frequent signs and symptoms related to oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly people living in care homes were (the) presence of coughing and choking, before, during or after swallowing.

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OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify evidence of validity of a self-reported Oropharyngeal Dysphagia screening questionnaire for older adults based on test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to other variables, and reliability. METHOD: This is a nonrandomized, cross-sectional study employing the concepts and principles of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Data were collected from 644 community-dwelling older adults (both genders, age: ≥60 years) who agreed to participate in some steps of the validation process. Statistical methods obtained the content representation of the construct, internal structure validation, discriminant and convergent evidence, and reliability, using a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The screening tool was re-specified in nine questions that provided the best fit and robust reliability, with proper discriminant and convergent evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The screening questionnaire presented valid and reliable results to identify oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms in older adults, highlighting the importance of the validation process based on the standards to construct an epidemiological instrument.

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OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to identify evidence of validity of a self-reported Oropharyngeal Dysphagia screening questionnaire for older adults based on test content, response processes, internal structure, relations to other variables, and reliability. METHOD: This is a nonrandomized, cross-sectional study employing the concepts and principles of the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Data were collected from 644 community-dwelling older adults (both genders, age: ≥60 years) who agreed to participate in some steps of the validation process. Statistical methods obtained the content representation of the construct, internal structure validation, discriminant and convergent evidence, and reliability, using a 5% significance level. RESULTS: The screening tool was re-specified in nine questions that provided the best fit and robust reliability, with proper discriminant and convergent evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The screening questionnaire presented valid and reliable results to identify oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms in older adults, highlighting the importance of the validation process based on the standards to construct an epidemiological instrument.

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No idoso, o momento da alimentação pode estar comprometido em decorrência de um distúrbio de deglutição durante a passagem do alimento pela região oral e faríngea denominado de disfagia orofaríngea (DO). Esta condição de saúde interfere na manutenção de seu estado nutricional e de hidratação, com possibilidades de complicações respiratórias. Reconhecida como síndrome geriátrica por duas importantes comunidades europeias, a DO afeta a autonomia e independência do idoso na realização de suas atividades de vida diária e contribui para o declínio funcional. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um questionário autorreferido de rastreamento de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos (RaDI). A metodologia da pesquisa deste estudo de validação, não aleatorizado e transversal, seguiu as premissas dos Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing que descrevem o processo de obtenção de evidências baseadas: no conteúdo do teste, nos processos de resposta, na estrutura interna, em relação com outras variáveis (validade convergente, discriminante, de critério e de generalização). A coleta da pesquisa, realizada de março de 2013 a outubro de 2017, em Natal, estado do Rio Grande do Norte, incluiu idosos, a partir de 60 anos, de ambos os sexos e excluiu os com dificuldades funcionais para compreender ordens simples, transtorno psiquiátrico, neurológico, neuromuscular, neurodegenerativo ou rebaixamento cognitivo, perda auditiva, mesmo que utilizassem aparelho de amplificação sonora individual, sem nenhuma alimentação por via oral, que tivessem histórico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e traqueostomizados. Nas duas primeiras etapas da validação, participaram quatro pesquisadores envolvidos nos temas Deglutição e Envelhecimento Humano, três fonoaudiólogos e um dentista sanitarista que compuseram um painel de experts para avaliar as análises de 32 juízes sobre a primeira versão do RaDI com 17 itens. Após sua reformulação, o questionário foi aplicado na população-alvo em 40 idosos. Ajustado para 14 questões, o instrumento foi administrado em 211 voluntários para realização da análise fatorial confirmatória, em que foi considerado o menor valor do qui-quadrado (2), mesmo se for significativo, qui-quadrado normado, raiz do erro quadrático médio de aproximação (RMSEA), raiz quadrada média ponderada residual (WRMR), índice de ajuste comparativo (CFI) e índice de Tucker Lewis (TLI). Realizado alguns ajustes no modelo, a avaliação de sua validade convergente (n=393) e discriminante (n=110) considerou a análise do coeficiente de Spearman  A confiabilidade do teste-reteste, em 75 idosos, utilizou a correlação intraclasse (CCI), Kappa ponderado, erro de medição do instrumento (SEM) e a menor diferença real (SRD), e a consistência interna, o alfa de Cronbach, dentro do intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: O RaDI foi ajustado em sua estrutura interna no modelo de nove questões 2=45,8, p < 0,05, 2/gl =1,76, RMSEA = 0,06, WRMR = 0,72, CFI = 0,97 e TLI = 0,96), com boa confiabilidade (ICC = 0,83, IC 0,74-0,89, p <0,001; SEM = 2,13; SRD = 5,90), alta consistência interna ( = 0,90) e excelente validade discriminante ( = -0,06; p = 0,6), porém moderada convergente  = 0,43; p<0,001). Conclusões: O RaDI produziu respostas válidas e confiáveis para identificar os sintomas de disfagia orofaríngea em idosos residentes na comunidade (AU).

In older adults, feeding may be compromised as a result of a swallowing disorder during the passage of food through the oral and pharyngeal region called oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). This health condition interferes with the maintenance of their nutritional and hydration status, with the possibility of respiratory complications. Recognized as a geriatric syndrome by two important European Communities, OD affects the autonomy and independence of older adults in carrying out their daily life activities and contributes to functional decline. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a self-reported questionnaire screening for oropharyngeal dysphagia in older people (RaDI). The methodology of this non-randomized, cross-sectional validation study was performed by the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, which describe the process of obtaining evidence based on test content, response processes, internal structure, with other variables (convergent validity, discriminant, criterion, and generalization). The data were collected from March 2013 to October 2017, in Natal city of the Rio Grande do Norte state, included older adults, aged 60 and older, of both sexes, and excluded those with functional difficulties to understand simple orders, with hearing loss, even they used individual sound-amplifier apparatus, no oral feeding, history of head and neck cancer and were undergoing to tracheostomy. In the first two stages of validation, four researchers involved in the issues of swallowing and aging, three speech pathologists and a sanitary dentist participated in a panel of experts to evaluate the analyzes of 32 judges on the first version of RaDI with 17 items. After its reformulation, the questionnaire was applied to the target population in 40 older people. Adjusted to 14 questions, the instrument were applied in 211 elders to perform the confirmatory factor analysis, by lower chi-square value (2), even if it is significant, normed chi-square, root of the mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), weighted root mean square residual (WRMR), comparative fit index (CFI) e Tucker Lewis index (TLI). After some adjustments in the model, the evaluation of its convergent validity (n = 393) and discriminant (n = 110) considered the analysis of the Spearman coefficient . The reliability of the test-retest in 75 older subjects, was achieved by intraclass correlation coeficient (ICC), weighted Kappa, standard error of measurement (SEM) and the smallest real difference (SRD), and the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha with the 95% of confidence interval. Results: RaDI was adjusted in its internal structure to nine questions model 2 = 45,81, p < 0,05, 2/gl =1,76, RMSEA = 0,06, WRMR = 0,72, CFI = 0,97 e TLI = 0,96), with good reliability (ICC = 0,83, IC 0,74-0,89, p <0,001; SEM =02,13; SRD = 5,90) and high internal consistency ( = 0,90) and excellent discriminant ( = -0,06; p = 0,6) but moderate convergent validity  = 0,43; p<0,001). Conclusions: RaDI produced valid and reliable responses to identify the oropharyngeal dysphagia symptoms in community-dwelling older people (AU).

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RESUMO Objetivo apresentar um guia com recomendações para a tradução, adaptação, elaboração e processo de validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia. Método as recomendações apresentadas foram baseadas em diretrizes internacionais tradicionais cujo enfoque está na elaboração, tradução, adaptação transcultural e processo de validação de testes. Resultados as recomendações foram compiladas em dois quadros, sendo um deles referente aos procedimentos para tradução e adaptação transcultural e o outro à obtenção de evidências de validade, confiabilidade e medidas de acurácia dos testes. Conclusão foi apresentado um guia com as principais recomendações para a organização e sistematização do processo de elaboração, tradução, adaptação transcultural e processo de validação de testes em Fonoaudiologia.

ABSTRACT Objective to present a guide with recommendations for translation, adaptation, elaboration and process of validation of tests in Speech and Language Pathology. Methods the recommendations were based on international guidelines with a focus on the elaboration, translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation process of tests. Results the recommendations were grouped into two Charts, one of them with procedures for translation and transcultural adaptation and the other for obtaining evidence of validity, reliability and measures of accuracy of the tests. Conclusion a guide with norms for the organization and systematization of the process of elaboration, translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation process of tests in Speech and Language Pathology was created.

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PURPOSE: To identify the validity evidence based on the content and response processes of the Rastreamento de Alterações Vocais em Idosos (RAVI; "Screening for Voice Disorders in Older Adults"), an epidemiologic screening for voice disorders in older adults. STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective, nonrandomized, cross-sectional, validation study. METHODS: Criteria for defining the domains and elaborating the questions were established to confirm the validity evidence based on the content. A multidisciplinary committee of 19 experts evaluated the questions, and the relevance and representation of the domains were analyzed using the Content Validity Index for Items (CVI-I) and the Content Validity Index (CVI), respectively. For validity evidence based on the response processes, 40 individuals of both sexes, aged ≥60 years, were stratified by demographic and socioeconomic condition. They responded to the RAVI, made suggestions, and their verbal and nonverbal reactions were observed. RESULTS: The first version of the RAVI consisted of 20 questions related to sensations and perceptions associated with the voice. Although the CVI value of 0.80 was satisfactory, the CVI-I and the suggestions of the expert committee indicated that the scale needed to be reformulated. Consultation with older adults indicated a need for further adjustment. The preliminary version of the RAVI consisted of 16 questions. CONCLUSIONS: The two aspects of validity evidence described in the present study were essential for adapting the questions to better fit the construct of the questionnaire. Other aspects of validity evidence and reliability analysis will be described in part II of this study.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os parâmetros presentes nos instrumentos de rastreio para a disfagia orofaríngea no acidente vascular encefálico, publicados na literatura. Estratégia de pesquisa: Para a seleção dos estudos, foram utilizados os descritores: transtornos de deglutição, acidente vascular cerebral, rastreio, screening, avaliação e disfagia. Foram consultadas as bases de dados MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, SciELO e biblioteca Cochrane. Critérios de seleção: Foram selecionados artigos em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados até dezembro de 2014, cuja abordagem metodológica referisse instrumentos de rastreio para a disfagia orofaríngea, elaborados para indivíduos adultos com acidente vascular encefálico. Os parâmetros utilizados nos diferentes instrumentos de rastreio foram agrupados por igualdade e/ou semelhança. Foi realizada análise descritiva e calculada a frequência dos parâmetros encontrados. Resultados: Foram encontrados 688 artigos e, após consideração dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 23 artigos foram efetivamente analisados. Dos 20 instrumentos encontrados, 90% utilizaram algum tipo de oferta via oral no rastreio para a disfagia, sendo a maioria, a água. Foram encontrados 19 parâmetros distintos, não relacionados à oferta de alimento e 12 parâmetros relacionados à oferta de alimento. Conclusão: Não há consenso, entre os estudos, sobre os parâmetros mais sensíveis e específicos para compor o método de rastreio para disfagia orofaríngea na população com acidente vascular encefálico.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify the parameters present in the screening tools for oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke published in the literature. Research strategy: For the selection of studies, the swallowing disorder descriptors stroke, screening, evaluation and dysphagia were used. MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, SciELO and the Cochrane Library databases were consulted. Selection criteria: We selected articles in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages published up to December 2014 whose methodological approach referred to screening tools for oropharyngeal dysphagia designed for adults with stroke. The parameters used in the various screening tools were grouped by equality and/or likeness. We performed a descriptive analysis and calculated the frequency of found parameters. Results: We found 688 articles and after consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 articles were effectively analyzed. Of the 20 tools found, 90% used some type of food offer orally in screening for dysphagia, mostly water. We found 19 different parameters not related to food offer and 12 parameters related to food offer. Conclusion: There is no consensus among the studies on the most sensitive and specific parameters to compose the screening method for oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke.

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Objetivo Caracterizar a pressão da língua em idosos. Métodos Estudo transversal, com a participação de 45 idosos, de 61 a 96 anos, sendo 34 (75,6%) do gênero feminino e 11 (24,4%) do masculino, sem distúrbios neurológicos e cognitivos, sem histórico de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e de procedimento radioterápico. Consistiu na aplicação de questionário, com registro da presença ou ausência de queixa de problemas na deglutição, seguido da avaliação miofuncional orofacial, enfocando a mobilidade e tensão de língua. Para a mensuração da pressão da língua, foi utilizado o Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). A análise dos dados foi descritiva, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados A média do pico pressórico foi de 44,6 KPa (±16), com os valores mínimo e máximo entre 9 e 88 KPa. Houve correlação moderada negativa entre pico pressórico e idade. Os longevos apresentaram a menor média de pico pressórico e inferior ao padrão de normalidade. Houve diferença entre a média de pico pressórico e uso de próteses, tensão de língua e mobilidade de língua no estalo. Conclusão Houve diminuição moderada do pico pressórico da língua com o aumento da idade e redução pressórica com o decréscimo da tensão da língua e de sua mobilidade no estalo. Em contrapartida, os valores de pico foram maiores nos idosos que utilizam próteses dentárias, quando comparados aos que destas não fazem uso. .

Purpose To characterize tongue pressure in elderly individuals. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 45 individuals aged between 61 and 96 years old (34 [75.6%] women; 11 [24.4%] men) with no neurological or cognitive disorders, no history of head or neck cancer, and no history of radiotherapy. The subjects were surveyed with a questionnaire that recorded the presence or absence of complaints about swallowing problems and an orofacial myofunctional evaluation, which examined the movement and tension of the tongue. The Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) was used to measure tongue pressure. The data analysis was descriptive, with significance set at the 5% level. Results The mean pressure peak was 44.6 kPa (±16), with minimum and maximum values of 9 and 88 kPa, respectively. Pressure peak and age were moderately and negatively correlated. The oldest subject had the lowest average pressure peak, which was less than the normal range. The mean pressure peak differed according to the use of dentures, tongue pressure, and tongue mobility during clicking. Conclusion The pressure peak and the pressure of the tongue decreased moderately with increasing age, decreasing tongue tension, and mobility during clicking. In contrast, the pressure peak values were higher in the elderly who used dentures than those who did not. .

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PURPOSE: To present the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS). METHODS: The translation to Portuguese was performed by two Brazilian bilingual speech language pathologists, followed by a back translation conducted by a bilingual native speaker of the original language. Afterwards, the three versions were compared by a committee of three speech language pathologists. Initially, the final translated version of the NDPCS was applied with 35 volunteers aged between 62 and 92 years old (74.77±7.08), who had no dementia or complaints of swallowing disorder. After some adjustments, the instrument was applied with other 27 volunteers aged between 60 and 87 years old (76.56±7.07) with the same profile. RESULTS: There was divergence in semantic equivalence in relation to one item, which was modified in the translated version. The tasks requested for observation during deglutition were adapted in relation to the solid food and the volumes used in pudding and liquid consistencies. The instrument maintained the same structure as the original version, with five categories and into 28 items, three brief variables, and four closures. CONCLUSION: The equivalence between the original and the translated version of the NDPCS was preserved after its translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. The validation process of the psychometric properties of the instrument is in progress.

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OBJETIVO: Apresentar a tradução e adaptação transcultural do protocolo Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS) para o português brasileiro. MÉTODOS: A etapa de tradução foi realizada por dois fonoaudiólogos bilíngues, seguida da retrotradução por uma nativa bilíngue da língua materna e, posteriormente, pela comparação das três versões por um comitê formado por três fonoaudiólogos. A versão final do NDPCS foi inicialmente aplicada em 35 voluntários na faixa etária entre 62 e 92 anos (74,77±7,08), sem diagnóstico clínico de demência ou queixa de disfagia. Após os ajustes, foi aplicado em outros 27 voluntários na faixa etária entre 60 e 87 anos (76,56±7,07) com o mesmo perfil da etapa anterior. RESULTADOS: Houve discordância de equivalência semântica em relação a um item, modificado na versão traduzida. As tarefas solicitadas para observação durante a deglutição foram adaptadas em relação ao alimento oferecido na textura sólida e aos volumes utilizados nas consistências pastosa e líquida. O instrumento manteve a mesma estrutura da versão original, com cinco categorias incluindo 28 itens, três variáveis resumidas e quatro desfechos. CONCLUSÃO: O protocolo NDPCS, traduzido e adaptado para o português brasileiro, manteve a equivalência entre o instrumento original e o traduzido. O processo de validação das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento está em andamento.

PURPOSE: To present the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS). METHODS: The translation to Portuguese was performed by two Brazilian bilingual speech language pathologists, followed by a back translation conducted by a bilingual native speaker of the original language. Afterwards, the three versions were compared by a committee of three speech language pathologists. Initially, the final translated version of the NDPCS was applied with 35 volunteers aged between 62 and 92 years old (74.77±7.08), who had no dementia or complaints of swallowing disorder. After some adjustments, the instrument was applied with other 27 volunteers aged between 60 and 87 years old (76.56±7.07) with the same profile. RESULTS: There was divergence in semantic equivalence in relation to one item, which was modified in the translated version. The tasks requested for observation during deglutition were adapted in relation to the solid food and the volumes used in pudding and liquid consistencies. The instrument maintained the same structure as the original version, with five categories and into 28 items, three brief variables, and four closures. CONCLUSION: The equivalence between the original and the translated version of the NDPCS was preserved after its translation and adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. The validation process of the psychometric properties of the instrument is in progress.

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Objetivo: Delinear a contribuição da fonoterapia na reabilitação da paralisia facial periférica,descrevendo o papel da abordagem miofuncional orofacial neste processo. Métodos: Revisãode literatura de artigos publicados desde 1995, realizada no período de março a dezembrode 2008, tendo como base a caracterização da paralisia facial periférica e suas relaçõescom os distúrbios fonoaudiológicos relacionados às desordens na mobilidade orofacial, nafala e na mastigação, dentre outros. A revisão priorizou os artigos de revistas científicas ecapítulos específicos do período investigado. Como critério de inclusão, a literatura deveriaconter dados sobre a paralisia facial periférica, citações sobre as alterações no sistemaestomatognático e a abordagem miofuncional orofacial. Excluíram-se os trabalhos queabordassem paralisias centrais, congênitas e aquelas de causas não idiopáticas. Resultados:A literatura abordou a contribuição da fonoterapia na reabilitação da simetria facial, commelhora na retenção de líquidos e alimentos pastosos durante o processo de mastigação edeglutição. A abordagem miofuncional orofacial contextualizou o trabalho fonoaudiológicona melhora da coordenação fonoarticulatória e no ganho do controle oral durante a mastigaçãoe deglutição. Conclusão: A fonoterapia na paralisia facial periférica contribuiu e delineousepela aplicação da abordagem miofuncional orofacial no restabelecimento da simetriafacial, a partir do trabalho direcionado às funções do sistema estomatognático, incluindoexercícios orofaciais e treino da mastigação em associação com o treinamento da articulação.Há a necessidade de um maior número de publicações nesta área específica de atuação doprofissional de fonoaudiologia.

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Investiga o setting terapêutico no atendimento fonoaudiológico de uma senhora afásica. Parte da observaçäo de como foi constituído o espaço potencial estabelecido na relaçäo terapêutica

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Investiga o setting terapêutico no atendimento fonoaudiológico de uma senhora afásica. Parte da observação de como foi constituído o espaço potencial estabelecido na/pela relação terapêutica, considerando os presupostos de Winnicott. Nesta perspectiva, foram relevadas algumas questões favoráveis ao delineamento da especificidade fonoaudiológica, analisando a relação terapêutica e ressaltando aspectos importantes sobre o atendimento fonoaudiológico domiciliar (AU)

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