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1.
J Oncol Pharm Pract ; : 10781552241269690, 2024 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39106361

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Veterinary oncology is constituted mainly by human-use drugs with hazardous agents. Occupational risks are present in all stages of handling. Many studies highlighted that veterinarians and pharmacists staff present a lack of knowledge and insufficient structure for promoting safety practices. This study investigated the professional profile and structure of veterinary antineoplastic chemotherapy in Brazilian services. METHODS: A nationwide survey was carried out through digital platforms by a self-applicable from 2020 to 2021. The characteristics of the structure, facilities, professional profiles, practices related to antineoplastic chemotherapy services, and inspections provided by regulatory companies were investigated. Frequency and ranges were used to examine and describe data. RESULTS: This study analyzed 108 respondents from all Brazilian regions where 36 participants worked in veterinary oncology. Dogs and cats comprised more than 90% of animals assisted. Vincristine, doxorubicin, carboplatin, vinblastine, and cyclophosphamide were the most commonly used drugs. Considering pharmacists-led (n = 4) vs veterinarians-led (n = 18) services, structure with safety for handling hazardous drugs (4 vs 9), correct PPE usage (3 vs 0), and occurrence of occupational accident (0 vs 5) were registered. Almost 60% were dissatisfied with the structure and the managerial unwillingness to promote facility improvements. The majority of participants reported an absence of service inspection. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated worrying concerning the inadequacy of the physical structure of the facilities, human resources, and handling hazardous drugs increased occupational health risk. The lack of competent authority standards and supervision corroborates practices that expose professionals, the population, and the environment to hazardous agents.

2.
Parasit Vectors ; 15(1): 198, 2022 Jun 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35689268

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), the most lethal tick-borne disease in the Western Hemisphere, is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii and transmitted by the bite of Amblyomma sculptum. Capybaras are considered primary hosts of this tick and amplifier hosts of R. rickettsii, generating new infected lineages of A. sculptum in BSF-endemic areas. To define a possible treatment regimen for controlling the tick A. sculptum in capybaras, the aim of this study was to establish an effective fluazuron (FLU) dose to control A. sculptum larvae in artificially infested guinea pigs. METHODS: In Study I (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis), 24 guinea pigs were divided into four equal groups: control group (CG; untreated) and treated groups receiving FLU administered by gavage in three doses: G1-1 mg/kg, G2-5 mg/kg and G3-10 mg/kg, once a day for 15 days (d0 to d + 14). Blood samples were collected from the animals of the treated groups before and at d + 1, + 2, + 4, + 7, + 15 and + 21. The guinea pigs were artificially infested at d + 7 with A. sculptum larvae, and specimens were recovered at d + 11 to d + 14 and kept in a climatized chamber for 14 days. In Study II (evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters), one group of eight animals received FLU administered by gavage in a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and blood samples were collected before and on day 0 (8 h after treatment), + 1, + 4, + 7, + 15, + 21 and + 28 after single FLU administration. FLU was analyzed in plasma samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. RESULTS: FLU plasma concentrations increased quickly, indicating rapid absorption, and decreased slowly. Some larvae from all treated groups exhibited morphological and behavioral changes. FLU interfered in molting, and the efficacy obtained was 100% for all treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results offer promising perspectives for the development of a palatable feed cube containing FLU for free-living capybaras to control A. sculptum and also to prevent BSF in areas where capybaras have been shown to play a primary role.


Assuntos
Ixodidae , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas , Carrapatos , Amblyomma , Animais , Brasil , Cobaias , Ixodidae/microbiologia , Compostos de Fenilureia , Rickettsia rickettsii , Febre Maculosa das Montanhas Rochosas/microbiologia , Roedores/microbiologia , Carrapatos/microbiologia
3.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 45(1): 23-33, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34331772

RESUMO

Fipronil (FIP) is an ectoparasiticide of the phenylpyrazole class, used in veterinary medicine in topical form. Supported by evidence of uncontrolled human exposure to FIP and environmental damage caused by commercially available formulations, its use by oral administration has become promising. The effectiveness of FIP against the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its pharmacokinetics and main active metabolite, fipronil sulfone (SULF) were evaluated after single oral administration of tablets in three different doses (2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) in dogs. Through the plasma concentration curves, it was possible to observe that the FIP showed rapid absorption and metabolization and slow elimination. The values of Cmax (ß = 0.7653) and AUC0- t (ß = 0.3209) did not increase proportionally with increasing dose. At 48 h after treatment, doses of 4 mg/kg (AUC0- t  = 442.39 ± 137.35 µg/ml*h) and 6 mg/kg (AUC0- t  = 421.32 ± 102.84 µg/ml*h) provided 100% and 99% efficacy against fleas, and 95% and 98% against ticks, respectively. The estimated EC90 of FIP +SULF was 1.30 µg/ml against C. felis felis and 2.16 µg/ml against R. sanguineus. The correlation between the FIP pharmacokinetic and efficacy data demonstrated its potential for oral administration in the form of tablets for the control of ectoparasites in dogs, as a safer alternative for animals, humans, and the environment, aligned with the One Health concept.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Infestações por Pulgas , Inseticidas , Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Sifonápteros , Infestações por Carrapato , Administração Oral , Animais , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Cães , Infestações por Pulgas/tratamento farmacológico , Infestações por Pulgas/veterinária , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Pirazóis , Infestações por Carrapato/tratamento farmacológico , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária
4.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol ; 108(2): 225-233, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34536098

RESUMO

Fipronil (FIP) is a broad-spectrum insecticide used in the industrial, residential and agricultural sectors, which presents environmental and human health risks. Studies report its presence in aquatic environments in several countries, but in Brazil reports are scarce. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of fipronil and fipronil sulfone in surface waters through a validated analytical method by LC-MS according to INMETRO and USEPA in eight sampling sites in two seasons (summer and autumn, 2020) in Guandu River basin, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. FIP was quantified in the concentration range of 0.132-2.44 µg/L, while FIP-S was detected in most samples. This is the first study on the occurrence of FIP and FIP-S in the Guandu River basin, presenting values high enough to justify the need for monitoring studies in a region of great importance for the city of Rio de Janeiro.


Assuntos
Rios , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Brasil , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Pirazóis , Sulfonas
5.
Vet Parasitol ; 299: 109565, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34507202

RESUMO

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans, is a bovine ectoparasite that causes large losses to cattle breeders, through lower meat and milk production and hide damage. Currently, the control of this parasite is mainly through chemicals. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances generates resistance. Pyriproxyfen belongs to an insect growth disruptors class with mechanisms of action for the control of immature forms of the insect. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of pyriproxyfen administered orally to cattle for the control of the horn fly. In vitro bioassays were carried out by evaluating the number of adults emerged from 30 eggs per replicate, in triplicate, added in a substrate (fresh cattle feces) spiked with pyriproxyfen solutions in the concentration range of 2-130 ppb (ng.g-1). Probit analysis estimated LC50 value of 7.89 ppb and LC90 value of 70.08 ppb. The doses used in the in vivo evaluation were established based on the LC90 values and the anatomical and physiological aspects of the bovine digestive tract. Capsules containing pyriproxyfen at doses of 2.5 mg (G2.5) and 40 mg (G40) were produced and administered orally by bolus applicator for 12 days. The efficacy of pyriproxyfen against the immature forms of H. irritans was determined by incubating eggs in vitro in the feces collected on days 0, +3, +6, +10 and +13. Quantification of pyriproxyfen in feces was performed by UPLC-MS/MS, finding concentrations ranging from 13.4 to 22.6 ppb for G2.5 and between 268.5 to 509.0 ppb for G40. Pyriproxyfen administered orally is eliminated in the active form in the fecal mass and at a dose of 40 mg.day-1 (0.1 mg/kg/day) generates fecal concentrations able to produce 100 % prevention of adults emergence of H. irritans.


Assuntos
Muscidae , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Animais , Bovinos , Cromatografia Líquida/veterinária , Óvulo , Piridinas , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/veterinária
6.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 43(2): 171-178, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32030782

RESUMO

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of eprinomectin (EPM) against Rhipicephalus microplus in cattle of a new injectable form of EPM (Voss Performa®). The product was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 200 µg EPM/kg, in a single dose. The efficacy of EPM against R. microplus in cattle was evaluated through field and stall tests. Studies were performed to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of EPM with the purpose of better understanding the kinetics of the formulation. The formulation was effective in controlling R. microplus in both naturally and artificially infested cattle, providing efficacy greater than 95%. The results of pharmacokinetic study were Cmax of 47.15 ± 22.20 ng/ml, Tmax of 1.33 ± 0.492 days, T1/2 of 2.96 ± 1.212 days, AUC0-t of 228.08 ± 57.30 ng day ml-1 , and AUC0-∞ of 240.50 ± 58.44 ng day ml-1 . Therefore, the new injectable EPM formulation becomes an important alternative for the control of cattle tick in Brazil.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Rhipicephalus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infestações por Carrapato/veterinária , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Inseticidas/farmacocinética , Ivermectina/farmacocinética , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Infestações por Carrapato/tratamento farmacológico
7.
Cogit. Enferm. (Online) ; 25: e62729, 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: biblio-1124594

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: validar o conteúdo e a aparência de um álbum seriado para enfermeiros da atenção básica sobre violência doméstica contra a mulher. Método: estudo metodológico, de validação de aparência e conteúdo, desenvolvido em Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, no ano de 2018. Coletou-se os dados pelo envio dos instrumentos de avaliação via e-mail para especialistas selecionados na Plataforma Lattes. Na análise utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com valor estabelecido de 0,78. Resultados: participaram 15 especialistas, com experiência em tecnologias educativas e/ou violência contra mulher, a maioria com doutorado e graduado em enfermagem. Quanto à estrutura e apresentação, objetivos e relevância, todos os itens foram considerados validados pelos especialistas. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo global da tecnologia educativa foi 0,93. Conclusão: o álbum seriado foi validado quanto ao conteúdo e aparência, sugerindo que esta tecnologia educativa possibilita ações de educação em saúde realizadas por enfermeiros da Atenção Básica.


RESUMEN: Objetivo: validar el contenido y la apariencia de un álbum seriado para los enfermeros de atención primaria sobre violencia doméstica contra la mujer. Método: estudio metodológico, para validación de apariencia y contenido, desarrollado en Teresina, Piauí, Brasil, en el año 2018. La recolección de datos se realizó a través del envío de los instrumentos de evaluación a los especialistas seleccionados en la Plataforma Lattes, por vía de correo electrónico. El valor del índice de validez de contenido establecido para el análisis fue de 0,78. Resultados: participaron 15 especialistas, con experiencia en tecnologías educativas y / o violencia contra las mujeres, la mayoría, con doctorados o graduados en enfermería o En cuanto a los ítems estructura, presentación, objetivos y relevancia, todos se consideraron validados por los expertos. El índice de validez de contenido global para la tecnología educativa fue de 0,93. Conclusión: el álbum seriado fue validado en términos de contenido y apariencia, lo que sugiere que esta tecnología educativa permite acciones de educación en salud realizadas por enfermeros de atención primaria.


ABSTRACT Objective: to validate the content and appearance of a serial album on domestic violence against women for primary care nurses. Method: a methodological study, of appearance and content validation, developed in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, in 2018. The data were collected by sending the evaluation instruments via e-mail to selected specialists on the Lattes Platform. In the analysis, the Content Validity Index was used with an established value of 0.78. Results: 15 specialists participated, with experience in educational technologies and/or violence against women, most of them have doctorates and nursing degrees. Regarding structure and presentation, objectives and relevance, all items were considered validated by experts. The global Content Validity Index of the educational technology was 0.93. Conclusion: The serial album has been validated for content and appearance, suggesting that this educational technology enables health education actions performed by nurses of Basic Care.

8.
AAPS PharmSciTech ; 21(1): 9, 2019 Dec 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31797083

RESUMO

Increased human-pet interactions have led to concerns related to the prevention and treatment of ectoparasite infestations. Fipronil (FIP) is a widely used ectoparasiticide in veterinary medicine available for topical administration; however, its use may cause damage to the owners and the environment. The aim of the study was to develop immediate-release tablets of FIP, as well as to determine its pharmacokinetic properties after oral administration in beagle dogs. The prepared FIP tablets were evaluated for pre-compression (angle of repose, speed flow, and Carr's index) and post-compression (weight variation, friability, thickness, hardness, disintegration time, and dissolution rate) parameters. Orally administered FIP at a dose of 2 mg/kg was rapidly absorbed with Cmáx of 3.13 ± 1.39 µg/mL at 1.83 ± 0.40 h post treatment (P.T.) and metabolized with 1.27 ± 1.04 µg/mL at 2.33 ± 0.82 h P.T. for fipronil sulfone (SULF) (the primary metabolite). The elimination of FIP and SULF occurred slowly and had maintained quantifiable plasma levels in the blood for up to 28 days P.T. The goal of the study is aligned with the concept of One Health, which aims to collaboratively achieve the best health for people, animals, and the environment. Therefore, the use of FIP tablets for the control of ectoparasites in dogs may be a safer alternative for owners and the environment.


Assuntos
Antiparasitários/química , Antiparasitários/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Cães , Dureza , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Comprimidos , Poluição da Água/prevenção & controle
9.
Acta Vet. bras. ; 13(2): 100-104, 13 jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-21717

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Otite/veterinária , Otite Externa/tratamento farmacológico , Levofloxacino , Miconazol , Dexametasona , Anti-Infecciosos Locais , Inflamação/veterinária
10.
Acta Vet. Brasilica ; 13(2): 100-104, 13 jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1453159

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical formulation containing levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone in the treatment of external otitis in cats. Eighteen cats showing clinical signs of external otitisin the video otoscopy examination and cerumen cytologywere evaluated. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Group 1 (G1) was the control group; Group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of 0.5% levofloxacin, 2% miconazole, and 0.02% dexamethasone, using distilled water as the vehicle; and Group 3 (G3) was treated with the same combination, using vegetable glycerin as the vehicle. The animals were reassessed weekly; animals in G1 had no improvement of clinical signs of otitis or in the findings in the cerumen cytology. However, animals in G2 and G3 showed improvement of clinical signs, and control of yeasts and/or bacteria in the cytological examination of the ear after seven days of treatment. Based on the results, the formulation containing the combination of levofloxacin, miconazole, and dexamethasone was effective in controlling the perpetuating factors of external otitis in cats.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação tópica contento levofloxacina, miconazol e dexametasona no tratamento da otite externa em gatos. Foram utilizados 18 gatos que apresentavam sinais clínicos de otite externa no exame de videotoscopia e na citologia do cerúmen. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos com seis animais cada. O grupo 1 foi o grupo controle; grupo 2 foi tratado com a associação de levofloxacina 0,5%, miconazol a 2% e dexametasona 0,02% sendo o veículo água destilada; já o grupo 3 foi medicado com a mesma associação, sendo o veículo glicerina vegetal. Os animais foram reavaliados semanalmente e os animais do grupo controle não tiveram melhora dos sinais clínicos de otite e nos achados na citologia de cerúmen. No entanto, os animais do grupo 2 e 3 apresentaram melhora dos sinais clínicos e no controle de leveduras e/ou bactérias no exame citológico de ouvido a partir de sete dias de tratamento. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que a formulação contendo a associação levofloxacina + miconazol + dexametasona foi eficaz no controle dos fatores perpetuantes da otite externa em gatos.


Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Dexametasona , Levofloxacino , Miconazol , Otite Externa/tratamento farmacológico , Otite/veterinária , Anti-Infecciosos Locais , Inflamação/veterinária
11.
Acta Trop ; 178: 34-39, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29042262

RESUMO

Antimony is the first line drug for treating American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil. In this country, Leishmania braziliensis causes at least three distinct forms of disease: localized cutaneous (CL), mucosal (ML) and disseminated leishmaniasis (DL). All forms can be found in Corte de Pedra, Northeast Brazil. ML and DL respond poorly to antimony, in contrast to CL. The L. braziliensis population causing ATL in Corte de Pedra is genetically very diverse, with strains of the parasite associating with the clinical form of leishmaniasis. We tested the hypotheses that antimony refractoriness is associated with L. braziliensis genotypes, and that parasites from ML and DL present greater in vitro resistance to antimony than L. braziliensis from CL. Comparison of geographic coordinates of living sites between antimony responders and non-responders by Cusick and Edward́s test showed that refractoriness and responsiveness to the drug were similarly wide spread in the region (p>0.05). Parasites were then genotyped by sequencing a locus starting at position 425,451 on chromosome 28, which is polymorphic among L. braziliensis of Corte de Pedra. Haplotype CC- in CHR28/425,451 was associated with risk of treatment failure among CL patients (Fishers exact test, p=0.03, odds ratio=4.65). This haplotype could not be found among parasites from ML or DL. Finally, sensitivity to antimony was evaluated exposing L. braziliensis promastigotes to increasing concentrations of meglumine antimoniate in vitro. Parasites from ML and DL were more resistant to antimony at doses of 2mg/100µL and beyond than those isolated from CL (Fisher's exact test, p=0.02 and p=0.004, respectively). The intrinsically lower susceptibility of L. brazliensis from ML and DL to antimony parallels what is observed for patients' responsiveness in the field. This finding reinforces that ML and DL patients would benefit from initiating treatment with drugs currently considered as second line, like amphotericin B.


Assuntos
Antimônio/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/genética , Animais , Antimônio/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Falha de Tratamento
12.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 10(12): e0005100, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27906988

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has become progressively more frequent in Corte de Pedra, Northeast Brazil. Herein we characterize clinical presentation, antimony response, cytokine production and parasite strains prevailing in ACL. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between 2005 and 2012, 51 ACL (cases) and 51 temporally matched cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) subjects (controls) were enrolled and followed over time in Corte de Pedra. Clinical and therapeutic data were recorded for all subjects. Cytokine secretion by patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with soluble parasite antigen in vitro, and genotypes in a 600 base-pair locus in chromosome 28 (CHR28/425451) of the infecting L. (V.) braziliensis were compared between the two groups. ACL presented significantly more lesions in head and neck, and higher rate of antimony failure than CL. Cytosine-Adenine substitutions at CHR28/425451 positions 254 and 321 were highly associated with ACL (p<0.0001). In vitro stimulated ACL PBMCs produced lower levels of IFN-γ (p = 0.0002) and TNF (p <0.0001), and higher levels of IL-10 (p = 0.0006) and IL-17 (p = 0.0008) than CL PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: ACL found in Northeast Brazil is caused by distinct genotypes of L. (V.) braziliensis and presents a cytokine profile that departs from that in classical CL patients. We think that differences in antigenic contents among parasites may be in part responsible for the variation in cytokine responses and possibly immunopathology between CL and ACL.


Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/genética , Interferon gama/imunologia , Interleucina-17/genética , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/parasitologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto Jovem
13.
Semina Ci. agr. ; 37(6): 4005-4010, nov.-dez. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-23243

RESUMO

Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and decreasing losses caused by these diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes can be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 and CRP 20-12) and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to scab (Cladosporium herbarum) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at concentrations of 1 x 106 spores mL-1 and 1 x 108 cfu mL-1. Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28, and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight.(AU)


A seleção de genótipos de maracujazeiro visando resistência à verrugose e bacteriose pode ter importante papel na redução da aplicação de produtos químicos e perdas causadas por essas doenças. É provável que genótipos resistentes possam ser encontrados em programas de melhoramento visando seleção de caracteres relacionados à produção. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a hospedabilidade de dezoito genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 e CRP 20-12) e dois cultivares comerciais (FB 200 Yellow Master e FB 300 Araguari) à verrugose (causada por Cladosporium herbarum) e bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). O fungo e a bactéria foram inoculados em folhas com ferimentos nas concentrações de 1 x 106 esporos mL-1 e 1 x 108 ufc mL-1. A incidência e a severidade de verrugose foram avaliadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 31 dias após a inoculação (DAI); enquanto que as avaliações da bacteriose foram aos 10, 20, 28 e 44 DAI. Os genótipos CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12 e CRP 19-12 são moderamente resistentes à verrugose. Todos os genótipos são altamente suscetíveis à bacteriose.(AU)


Assuntos
Passiflora/genética , Genótipo , Resistência à Doença , Cladosporium , Xanthomonas axonopodis , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas
14.
Semina ciênc. agrar ; 37(6): 4005-4010, nov.-dez. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1500631

RESUMO

Screening passion fruit genotypes to target resistance to scab and bacterial blight may play an important role in reducing the application of chemical products and decreasing losses caused by these diseases. It is likely that resistant genotypes can be found in ongoing breeding programs targeting production traits. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the host status of eighteen passion fruit genotypes from the Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 and CRP 20-12) and two cultivars (FB 200 Yellow Master and FB 300 Araguari) of yellow passion fruit to scab (Cladosporium herbarum) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). The fungus and the bacterium were artificially inoculated on wounded leaves at concentrations of 1 x 106 spores mL-1 and 1 x 108 cfu mL-1. Scab incidence and severity were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 31 days after inoculation (DAI); whereas bacterial blight evaluations were performed at 10, 20, 28, and 44 DAI. The genotypes CRP 01-12 to CRP 16-12 and CRP 19-12 are moderately resistant to scab. All genotypes are highly susceptible to bacterial blight.


A seleção de genótipos de maracujazeiro visando resistência à verrugose e bacteriose pode ter importante papel na redução da aplicação de produtos químicos e perdas causadas por essas doenças. É provável que genótipos resistentes possam ser encontrados em programas de melhoramento visando seleção de caracteres relacionados à produção. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a hospedabilidade de dezoito genótipos de maracujazeiro-azedo provenientes do Programa de Melhoramento Genético da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12, CRP 19-12 e CRP 20-12) e dois cultivares comerciais (FB 200 Yellow Master e FB 300 Araguari) à verrugose (causada por Cladosporium herbarum) e bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). O fungo e a bactéria foram inoculados em folhas com ferimentos nas concentrações de 1 x 106 esporos mL-1 e 1 x 108 ufc mL-1. A incidência e a severidade de verrugose foram avaliadas aos 7, 14, 21 e 31 dias após a inoculação (DAI); enquanto que as avaliações da bacteriose foram aos 10, 20, 28 e 44 DAI. Os genótipos CRP 01-12 a CRP 16-12 e CRP 19-12 são moderamente resistentes à verrugose. Todos os genótipos são altamente suscetíveis à bacteriose.


Assuntos
Cladosporium , Genótipo , Passiflora/genética , Resistência à Doença , Xanthomonas axonopodis , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas
15.
PLoS One ; 11(2): e0148084, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26840253

RESUMO

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis, presents an exaggerated Th1 response that is associated with ulcer development. Macrophages are the primary cells infected by Leishmania parasites and both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) are important in the control of Leishmania by these cells. The mechanism involved in the killing of L. braziliensis is not well established. In this study, we evaluate the role of ROS and NO in the control of L. braziliensis infection by monocytes from CL patients. After in vitro infection with L. braziliensis, the oxidative burst by monocytes from CL patients was higher when compared to monocytes from healthy subjects (HS). Inhibition of the ROS pathway caused a significant decrease in the oxidative burst in L. braziliensis infected monocytes from both groups. In addition, we evaluated the intracellular expression of ROS and NO in L. braziliensis-infected monocytes. Monocytes from CL patients presented high expression of ROS after infection with L. braziliensis. The expression of NO was higher in monocytes from CL patients as compared to expression in monocytes from HS. A strong positive correlation between NO production and lesion size of CL patients was observed. The inhibition of ROS production in leishmania-infected monocytes from CL patients allowed the growth of viable promastigotes in culture supernatants. Thus, we demonstrate that while production of ROS is involved in L. braziliensis killing, NO alone is not sufficient to control infection and may contribute to the tissue damage observed in human CL.


Assuntos
Leishmania braziliensis/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/metabolismo , Monócitos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Monócitos/parasitologia , Monócitos/patologia
16.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | LILACS, BDENF - Enfermagem | ID: lil-672250

RESUMO

Objetivo: Avaliar a cobertura da vacina oral do Rotavírus humano em lactentes entre janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2009. Método: Estudo documental e descritivo com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados através das fichas espelhos da caderneta de vacinação infantil. O Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da SMS-RJ aprovou a pesquisa sobre CAAE nº 0015.0.314.000-10. Resultados: O maior índice de cobertura vacinal foi em 2006 (83,2%) em relação aos outros anos. Em 2007 constata-se que 125 (10,6%) espelhos da caderneta de vacinação não constavam anotações sobre a vacina oral do Rotavírus humano; somente 120 (9,9%) crianças realizaram a primeira dose em 2008; as que realizaram as duas doses entre os anos de 2006 a 2009 somaram 3.833 (80,6%). Conclusão: O desafio de garantir cobertura vacinal de 100% para a população infantil requer de todos os envolvidos nesse processo um empenho intersetorial.


Objective: To evaluate the coverage of oral Rotavirus vaccine in human infants between January 2006 and December 2009. Method: Documentary and descriptive study with quantitative approach. Data were collected through the records of the book mirrors the childhood immunization. The Ethics Committee in Research of SMS-RJ approved research on CAAE Nº 0015.0.314.000-10. Results: The highest rate of coverage was in 2006 (83,2%) compared to other years. In 2007 it was found that 125 (10,6%) of the book mirrors vaccination not included notes on the human rotavirus oral vaccine, only 120 (9,9%) children were the first dose in 2008, those who underwent the two doses between the years 2006 to 2009 totaled 3833 (80,6%). Conclusion: The challenge of ensuring 100% immunization coverage for the pediatric population requires everyone involved in this process an intersectoral commitment.


Objetivo: Evaluar la cobertura de la vacuna oral contra el rotavirus en los bebés humanos entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2009. Método: Estudio descriptivo y documental con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de los registros del libro refleja la inmunización en la infancia. El Comité de Ética en Investigación de la investigación de SMS-RJ aprobado el CAAE Nº 0015.0.314.000-10. Resultados: La mayor tasa de cobertura fue en 2006 (83,2%) en comparación con otros años. En 2007 se encontró que 125 (10,6%) del libro refleja la vacunación no notas incluidas en la vacuna oral contra el rotavirus humano, sólo 120 (9,9%) eran niños de la primera dosis en el año 2008, quienes se sometieron a los dos dosis entre los años 2006 a 2009 ascendieron a 3.833 (80,6%). Conclusión: El reto de garantizar 100% la cobertura de vacunación para la población pediátrica requiere de todos los involucrados en este proceso un compromiso intersectorial.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Cobertura Vacinal , Saúde da Criança , Vacinas contra Rotavirus , Brasil , Cuidado do Lactente
17.
Seropédica; s.n; 01/02/2012. 73 p.
Tese em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1504763

RESUMO

Com o aumento crescente de animais de companhia nos lares familiares o relacionamento humano-animal está cada vez mais estreito e a preocupação com o controle de doenças cada vez maior. Este controle muitas vezes é realizado com a utilização de produtos químicos, chamados de inseticidas. Entre os estes, a ivermectina tem seu uso extremamente difundido devido sua segurança comprovada. Seu uso em cães é aconselhado para o tratamento da sarna demodécica e na prevenção da dirofilariose, porém informalmente é extremamente utilizado para o controle de pulgas e carrapatos. Entre os ectoparasitas mais comum nos cães estão o carrapato Rhipcephalus sanguineus e a pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da ivermectina contra esses parasitas e juntamente ao tratamento acompanhar o perfil plasmático da formulação de ivermectina testada, foi desenvolvido um método de quantificação de ivermectina em plasma canino, utilizando cromatografia líquida com detecção por fluorescência. Este método foi validado tendo como base as recomendações da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária para validação de métodos analíticos e bionalíticos, a Resolução RE nº899, de 29 de maio de 2003. As amostras coletas durante o teste de eficácia foram analisadas através deste método e demonstraram boa biodisponibilidade com Cmax de 350 ng.mL-1 em quatro (4) horas e AUC de 8411. Apesar de a formulação ter apresentado boa absorção os valores de eficácia encontrados para Rhipcephalus sanguineus e Ctenocephalides felis felis foram muito baixos demonstrando este não ser o tratamento mais adequado para o controle destes parasitas


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ctenocephalides , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/análise , Ivermectina/química
18.
BMC Genomics ; 10: 450, 2009 Sep 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19775431

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium that lives in association with sugarcane plants. It has important biotechnological features such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, sugar metabolism pathways, secretion of organic acids, synthesis of auxin and the occurrence of bacteriocins. RESULTS: Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 is the third diazotrophic endophytic bacterium to be completely sequenced. Its genome is composed of a 3.9 Mb chromosome and 2 plasmids of 16.6 and 38.8 kb, respectively. We annotated 3,938 coding sequences which reveal several characteristics related to the endophytic lifestyle such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, sugar metabolism, transport systems, synthesis of auxin and the occurrence of bacteriocins. Genomic analysis identified a core component of 894 genes shared with phylogenetically related bacteria. Gene clusters for gum-like polysaccharide biosynthesis, tad pilus, quorum sensing, for modulation of plant growth by indole acetic acid and mechanisms involved in tolerance to acidic conditions were identified and may be related to the sugarcane endophytic and plant-growth promoting traits of G. diazotrophicus. An accessory component of at least 851 genes distributed in genome islands was identified, and was most likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer. This portion of the genome has likely contributed to adaptation to the plant habitat. CONCLUSION: The genome data offer an important resource of information that can be used to manipulate plant/bacterium interactions with the aim of improving sugarcane crop production and other biotechnological applications.


Assuntos
Genoma Bacteriano , Gluconacetobacter/genética , Saccharum/microbiologia , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ilhas Genômicas , Biblioteca Genômica , Gluconacetobacter/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fixação de Nitrogênio/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Simbiose
19.
Ci. Anim. bras. ; 9(2): 341-345, 2008.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: vti-713310

RESUMO

The anomalies happened in the jaw are of genetic character, therefore its presence in the herd should be prevented, therefore this provokes difficulties in the apprehension and chewing of the foods, what can take the animal to serious alimentary deficiencies and until the death. This work has as on objective to verify the presence or not of goat and sheep with that anomaly. 5.221 animals in five towns of the region surrounding of the Irecê had been evaluated. It was verified presence of those anomalies in 107 animals (2.05%), being 53 (1.02%) cases of Retrognathism and 54 (1.03%) cases of Prognathism. These found values had been considered of low occurrence although not to have other works of goat and sheep similar surveys in being made the comparison. KEY WORDS: Brachygnathism, goat, sheep, genetic anomalies.


As anomalias ocorridas na mandíbula são de caráter genético, razão por que sua presença no rebanho deve ser evitada, pois elas provocam dificuldades  na apreensão e mastigação dos alimentos, o que pode levar o animal a sérias deficiências alimentares e até à morte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo  verificar a presença ou não de caprinos e ovinos com essa anomalia. Foram avaliados 5.221 animais em cinco municípios da microrregião de Irecê. Verificou-se a presença dessas anomalias em 107 animais (2,05%), sendo 53 (1,02%) casos de retrognatismo e 54 (1,03%) casos de prognatismo. Trata-se de valores que mostram uma baixa ocorrência, apesar de não haver outros trabalhos de levantamentos semelhantes em caprinos e ovinos que permitam realizar uma comparação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Braquignatia, caprino, ovino, anomalia genética.

20.
Ciênc. anim. bras. (Impr.) ; 9(2): 341-345, 2008.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1474157

RESUMO

The anomalies happened in the jaw are of genetic character, therefore its presence in the herd should be prevented, therefore this provokes difficulties in the apprehension and chewing of the foods, what can take the animal to serious alimentary deficiencies and until the death. This work has as on objective to verify the presence or not of goat and sheep with that anomaly. 5.221 animals in five towns of the region surrounding of the Irecê had been evaluated. It was verified presence of those anomalies in 107 animals (2.05%), being 53 (1.02%) cases of Retrognathism and 54 (1.03%) cases of Prognathism. These found values had been considered of low occurrence although not to have other works of goat and sheep similar surveys in being made the comparison. KEY WORDS: Brachygnathism, goat, sheep, genetic anomalies.


As anomalias ocorridas na mandíbula são de caráter genético, razão por que sua presença no rebanho deve ser evitada, pois elas provocam dificuldades  na apreensão e mastigação dos alimentos, o que pode levar o animal a sérias deficiências alimentares e até à morte. Este trabalho tem como objetivo  verificar a presença ou não de caprinos e ovinos com essa anomalia. Foram avaliados 5.221 animais em cinco municípios da microrregião de Irecê. Verificou-se a presença dessas anomalias em 107 animais (2,05%), sendo 53 (1,02%) casos de retrognatismo e 54 (1,03%) casos de prognatismo. Trata-se de valores que mostram uma baixa ocorrência, apesar de não haver outros trabalhos de levantamentos semelhantes em caprinos e ovinos que permitam realizar uma comparação.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Braquignatia, caprino, ovino, anomalia genética.

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