RESUMO
A two-stage cluster survey (n = 200 households) was conducted in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti during the high malaria transmission season in November-December 2006. Knowledge, perceptions, and practices related to malaria were obtained from household representatives using a standardized questionnaire. Blood drops were obtained on filter paper from all household members more than one month of age (n = 714). Determinants of malaria infections and correct malaria-related knowledge were assessed using logistic regression. Respondents in households with more assets were significantly more likely than those in households with fewer assets to have correct malaria-related knowledge. Respondents from households with at least one malaria infection were less likely to have correct malaria-related knowledge. Older children (5-9 years of age) were shown to be at increased risk of malaria infection. Results suggest malaria control in Haiti should focus on enhanced surveillance and case management, with expanded information campaigns about malaria prevention and treatment options.
Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Malária Falciparum/prevenção & controle , Plasmodium falciparum/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Haiti/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Modelos Logísticos , Malária Falciparum/transmissão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
This paper presents details from the field test of two rapid surveys in Ecuador in 1995. It focuses on how the surveys were designed and implemented, including descriptions of the sampling procedures, the preparation and use of preprogrammed palmtop computers for data entry, the selection criteria for the interviewing team, and how the training was designed. Lessons are drawn that will assist health professionals plan and carry out better rapid data collection in the future. The objective of the study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of data gathered during the rapid surveys as compared with a recent "gold standard" national survey. A two-way factorial design was used to control for differences in sampling (probability versus quasi-probability) and methods of data collection (paper versus palmtop computer). Few differences were detected between the surveys done on palmtops as compared to paper ones, but urban and rural differentials in contraceptive use were less pronounced in the rapid surveys than in the earlier, national survey. This suggests that caution should be exercised in interpreting the disaggregated data in these rapid surveys. In-depth interviews revealed two features of the rapid surveys that were especially popular: the palmtops for their speed of data entry, and the short questionnaire for its "low impact" on a respondent's time. The common belief that computers would disturb respondents was not found to be the case. Even with no computer experience, the interviewers rapidly mastered the new technology
Este trabajo detalla algunos aspectos de la prueba en el terreno de dos encuestas rápidas efectuadas en el Ecuador en 1995. Examina el diseño y la aplicación de las encuestas; la preparación y el uso de computadoras de bolsillo preprogramadas para la inclusión de los datos; los criterios de selección del equipo de entrevistadores, y el diseño del adiestramiento. Se extraen lecciones que ayudarán a los profesionales de la salud a mejorar en su futuro desempeño la forma de planificar y llevar a cabo sus actividades de recolección rápida de datos. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de los datos recolectados durante las encuestas rápidas, en comparación con las de una encuesta nacional reciente que sirvió de "patrón de oro". Se aplicó un diseño factorial de doble vía para controlar el efecto de las diferencias de muestreo (probabilidad frente a quasi-probabilidad) y de los métodos de recolección de datos (en papel o en computadora de bolsillo). Se detectaron pocas diferencias entre las encuestas efectuadas con computadoras de bolsillo en comparación con las efectuadas en papel, pero hubo menos diferencias entre datos de procedencia urbana y rural respecto al uso de anticonceptivos en las encuestas rápidas que en la encuesta anterior, de alcance nacional. Esto indica que debe observarse precaución a la hora de interpretar los datos desglosados recogidos mediante estas encuestas rápidas. Las entrevistas a fondo revelaron dos rasgos de las encuestas rápidas que gozaron de gran popularidad: las computadoras de bolsillo por la rapidez con la que se incorporan los datos, y el cuestionario corto por su "poco impacto" en el tiempo del encuestado. La creencia general de que los encuestados se sentirían incómodos con las computadoras no se observó en la realidad. Aun sin tener experiencia en el uso de computadoras, los entrevistadores aprendieron a manejar la nueva tecnología sin dificultad.