RESUMO
Physiology education research aims to investigate teaching-learning aspects and methods specifically applied to physiology teaching and learning. In this paper exploring Brazilian research public data and information from the Brazilian Physiological Society Teaching Committee, we investigated the status of this research topic (physiology education) in Brazil. The data showed that physiology education research needs to be more recognized and supported in Brazil, and more physiologists may become interested in research in this field. Thus this field will become more developed during the physiologists' education.
Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/métodos , Fisiologia/educação , Sociedades Científicas , Universidades , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Brasil , Humanos , Fisiologia/tendências , Sociedades Científicas/tendências , Universidades/tendênciasRESUMO
Abstract Objective: The endovascular repair of aortic abdominal aneurysms exposes the patients and surgical team to ionizing radiation with risk of direct tissue damage and induction of gene mutation. This study aims to describe our standard of radiation exposure in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair and the factors that influence it. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients with abdominal infra-renal aortic aneurysms submitted to endovascular repair. This study evaluated the radiation doses (dose area product (DAP)), fluoroscopy durations and their relationships to the patients, aneurysms, and stent-graft characteristics. Results: This study included 127 patients with a mean age of 73 years. The mean DAP was 4.8 mGy.m2, and the fluoroscopy time was 21.8 minutes. Aortic bilateral iliac aneurysms, higher body mass index, aneurysms with diameters larger than 60 mm, necks with diameters larger than 28 mm, common iliac arteries with diameters larger than 20 mm, and neck angulations superior to 50 degrees were associated with an increased radiation dose. The number of anatomic risk factors present was associated with increased radiation exposure and fluoroscopy time, regardless of the anatomical risk factors. Conclusion: The radiation exposure during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is significant (mean DAP 4.8 mGy.m2) with potential hazards to the surgical team and the patients. The anatomical characteristics of the aneurysm, patient characteristics, and the procedure's technical difficulty were all related to increased radiation exposure during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair procedures. Approximately 40% of radiation exposure can be explained by body mass index, neck angulation, aneurysm diameter, neck diameter, and aneurysm type.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doses de Radiação , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Exposição à Radiação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Fluoroscopia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Exposição Ocupacional , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm has a lower incidence in the female population, but a higher complication rate. It was been hypothesized that some anatomical differences of abdominal aortic aneurysm in women could be responsible for that. We proposed to analyze our data to understand the differences in the clinical and anatomical characteristics and the outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair, according to gender. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair between 2001-2013 was performed. Patients were divided according gender and evaluated regarding age, atherosclerotic risk factors, aneurysm anatomic features, endograft type, anesthesic risk classification, length of stay, reinterventions and mortality. Two statistical studies were performed, first comparing women and men (Group A) and a second one comparing women and men, adjusted by age (Group B). Results: Of the 171 patients, only 5.8% (n=10) were females. Women were older (P<0.05) and the number of women with no atherosclerotic risk factor was significantly higher. The comparison adjusted by age revealed women with statistically less smoking history, less cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. Women had a trend to more complex anatomy, with more iliac intern artery aneurysms, larger aneurysm diameter and neck angulations statistically more elevated. No other variables were statistically different between age groups, neither reintervention nor mortality rates. Conclusion: Our study showed a clear difference in the clinical characteristics of women. The female population was statistically older, and when compared with men adjusted by age, had less atherosclerotic risk factors and less target organ disease. Women showed a more complex anatomy but with the same outcomes.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endoleak , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was introduced as a less aggressive treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) for patients ineligible for open repair (OR). OBJECTIVE: To analyze EVAR's incorporation impact in the treatment of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms in our institution. METHODS: A retrospective study of the patients with diagnostic of infra-renal AAA treated between December 2001 and December 2013 was performed. The choice between EVAR and OR was based on surgeon's experience, considering patient clinical risk and aneurysm's anatomical features. Patients treated by EVAR and by OR were analyzed. In each group, patient's and aneurysm's characteristics, surgical and anesthesia times, cost, transfusion rate, intraoperative complications, hospital stay, mortality and re-intervention rates and survival curves were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age, all forms of heart disease and chronic renal failure were more common in EVAR group. Blood transfusion, surgical and anesthesia times and mean hospital stay were higher for OR. Intraoperative complications rate was higher for endovascular aneurysm repair, overall during hospitalization complication rate was higher for open repair. The average cost in endovascular aneurysm repair was 1448.3 higher. Re-interventions rates within 30 days and late re-intervention were 4.1% and 11.7% for endovascular aneurysm repair versus 13.7% and 10.6% for open repair. CONCLUSIONS: Two different groups were treated by two different techniques. The individualized treatment choice allows to achieve a mortality of 2.7%. Age ≥80 years influences survival curve in OR group and ASA ≥IV in EVAR group. We believe EVAR's incorporation improved the results of OR itself. Patients with more comorbidities were treated by endovascular aneurysm repair, decreasing those excluded from treatment. Late reinterventions were similar for both techniques.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA) are rare, representing only 0.3% of aortoiliac aneurysms. Its treatment with open surgery is complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality, which led to increasing application of endovascular solutions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of IIAA in one institution. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of IIAA treated with endovascular techniques between 2003 and 2014. Endpoints were morbidity, mortality, freedom from pelvic ischemic symptoms (buttock claudication, ischemic colitis, and spinal cord injury), and need for reintervention. RESULTS: There were 16 patients, 13 males and 3 females, with mean age of 75.1±7 years. A total of 20 IIAA (4 cases were bilateral), with mean diameter of 37.9 mm, were treated. EVAR was performed in 13 (81.3%) patients, with associated internal iliac artery's outflow occlusion in 2. Iliac branch device was used in one patient. Two patients underwent endovascular IIAA embolization alone. One patient underwent percutaneous, transgluteal, IIAA embolization. IIAA flow preservation in at least one internal iliac artery was possible in 9 (56.3%) patients. Early mortality was 7% (1 case). Early morbidity was 18.8%. Pelvic ischemic complications occurred in 1 (7%) patient with buttock claudication. Late reintervention was needed in 3 patients, none of them for IIAA related complications. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of IIAA is technically feasible and durable. Although overall morbidity is relatively high, major complications are infrequent and perioperative mortality is low. internal iliac artery flow preservation is technically challenging and, in a significant number of cases, not possible at all.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirurgia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Embolização Terapêutica/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidade , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Morbidade , Portugal , Período Pós-Operatório , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the therapy of choice in high risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The good results described are leading to the broadening of clinical indications to younger patients. However, reintervention rates seem higher and even with successful treatment sometimes there is growth of the aneurysm sac and rupture, meaning a failure of the therapeutic goal. This study proposes to analyse the impact of age in patients' selection and post-EVAR results. METHODS: The clinical records of consecutive patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair, between 2001 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided according to age groups (<70, 70-80 and >80 years). Gender, body mass index, aneurysm anatomic features, neck characteristics, iliac morphology, surgical indication, endograft type, anesthesic risk classification, length of stay, reinterventions and mortality were analysed and compared. RESULTS: The study included 171 patients, 161 (94.1%) men, and mean age 74.1±8.9 years. The age group under 70 had 32% of the patients. Only three characteristics were found different among age groups: 1) body mass index was higher in younger patients, with a considerable trend toward significance (P=0.06); 2) surgical indication, in the younger group, surgeon's and the patient's option were more proeminent (P<0.05); 3) erectile dysfunction was higher in elderly group (P<0.05). No other clinical and anatomical characteristics or final outcomes were found statisticaly different among age groups. CONCLUSION: The absence of statistically differences in mortality and reinterventions among age groups suggests that age by itself is not a relevant factor in endovascular aneurysm repair. Indeed, the three characteristics different in younger (obesity, sexual function and patient's choice) favor endovascular aneurysm repair.
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirurgia , Seleção de Pacientes , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Disfunção Erétil/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/complicações , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm has a lower incidence in the female population, but a higher complication rate. It was been hypothesized that some anatomical differences of abdominal aortic aneurysm in women could be responsible for that. We proposed to analyze our data to understand the differences in the clinical and anatomical characteristics and the outcomes of patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair, according to gender. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair between 2001-2013 was performed. Patients were divided according gender and evaluated regarding age, atherosclerotic risk factors, aneurysm anatomic features, endograft type, anesthesic risk classification, length of stay, reinterventions and mortality. Two statistical studies were performed, first comparing women and men (Group A) and a second one comparing women and men, adjusted by age (Group B). Results: Of the 171 patients, only 5.8% (n=10) were females. Women were older (P<0.05) and the number of women with no atherosclerotic risk factor was significantly higher. The comparison adjusted by age revealed women with statistically less smoking history, less cerebrovascular disease and ischemic heart disease. Women had a trend to more complex anatomy, with more iliac intern artery aneurysms, larger aneurysm diameter and neck angulations statistically more elevated. No other variables were statistically different between age groups, neither reintervention nor mortality rates. Conclusion: Our study showed a clear difference in the clinical characteristics of women. The female population was statistically older, and when compared with men adjusted by age, had less atherosclerotic risk factors and less target organ disease. Women showed a more complex anatomy but with the same outcomes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores Sexuais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Distribuição por Idade , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Endoleak , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
Abstract Objective: Internal iliac artery aneurysms (IIAA) are rare, representing only 0.3% of aortoiliac aneurysms. Its treatment with open surgery is complex and associated with high morbidity and mortality, which led to increasing application of endovascular solutions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of IIAA in one institution. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of IIAA treated with endovascular techniques between 2003 and 2014. Endpoints were morbidity, mortality, freedom from pelvic ischemic symptoms (buttock claudication, ischemic colitis, and spinal cord injury), and need for reintervention. Results: There were 16 patients, 13 males and 3 females, with mean age of 75.1±7 years. A total of 20 IIAA (4 cases were bilateral), with mean diameter of 37.9 mm, were treated. EVAR was performed in 13 (81.3%) patients, with associated internal iliac artery's outflow occlusion in 2. Iliac branch device was used in one patient. Two patients underwent endovascular IIAA embolization alone. One patient underwent percutaneous, transgluteal, IIAA embolization. IIAA flow preservation in at least one internal iliac artery was possible in 9 (56.3%) patients. Early mortality was 7% (1 case). Early morbidity was 18.8%. Pelvic ischemic complications occurred in 1 (7%) patient with buttock claudication. Late reintervention was needed in 3 patients, none of them for IIAA related complications. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of IIAA is technically feasible and durable. Although overall morbidity is relatively high, major complications are infrequent and perioperative mortality is low. internal iliac artery flow preservation is technically challenging and, in a significant number of cases, not possible at all.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Portugal , Período Pós-Operatório , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Morbidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidade , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Embolização Terapêutica/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is the therapy of choice in high risk patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The good results described are leading to the broadening of clinical indications to younger patients. However, reintervention rates seem higher and even with successful treatment sometimes there is growth of the aneurysm sac and rupture, meaning a failure of the therapeutic goal. This study proposes to analyse the impact of age in patients' selection and post-EVAR results. Methods: The clinical records of consecutive patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair, between 2001 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided according to age groups (<70, 70-80 and >80 years). Gender, body mass index, aneurysm anatomic features, neck characteristics, iliac morphology, surgical indication, endograft type, anesthesic risk classification, length of stay, reinterventions and mortality were analysed and compared. Results: The study included 171 patients, 161 (94.1%) men, and mean age 74.1±8.9 years. The age group under 70 had 32% of the patients. Only three characteristics were found different among age groups: 1) body mass index was higher in younger patients, with a considerable trend toward significance (P=0.06); 2) surgical indication, in the younger group, surgeon's and the patient's option were more proeminent (P<0.05); 3) erectile dysfunction was higher in elderly group (P<0.05). No other clinical and anatomical characteristics or final outcomes were found statisticaly different among age groups. Conclusion: The absence of statistically differences in mortality and reinterventions among age groups suggests that age by itself is not a relevant factor in endovascular aneurysm repair. Indeed, the three characteristics different in younger (obesity, sexual function and patient's choice) favor endovascular aneurysm repair.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores Etários , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirurgia , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Seleção de Pacientes , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Período Pós-Operatório , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma Ilíaco/complicações , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidade , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/complicações , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Disfunção Erétil/complicaçõesRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was introduced as a less aggressive treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) for patients ineligible for open repair (OR). Objective: To analyze EVAR's incorporation impact in the treatment of infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms in our institution. Methods: A retrospective study of the patients with diagnostic of infra-renal AAA treated between December 2001 and December 2013 was performed. The choice between EVAR and OR was based on surgeon's experience, considering patient clinical risk and aneurysm's anatomical features. Patients treated by EVAR and by OR were analyzed. In each group, patient's and aneurysm's characteristics, surgical and anesthesia times, cost, transfusion rate, intraoperative complications, hospital stay, mortality and re-intervention rates and survival curves were evaluated. Results: The mean age, all forms of heart disease and chronic renal failure were more common in EVAR group. Blood transfusion, surgical and anesthesia times and mean hospital stay were higher for OR. Intraoperative complications rate was higher for endovascular aneurysm repair, overall during hospitalization complication rate was higher for open repair. The average cost in endovascular aneurysm repair was 1448.3€ higher. Re-interventions rates within 30 days and late re-intervention were 4.1% and 11.7% for endovascular aneurysm repair versus 13.7% and 10.6% for open repair. Conclusions: Two different groups were treated by two different techniques. The individualized treatment choice allows to achieve a mortality of 2.7%. Age ≥80 years influences survival curve in OR group and ASA ≥IV in EVAR group. We believe EVAR's incorporation improved the results of OR itself. Patients with more comorbidities were treated by endovascular aneurysm repair, decreasing those excluded from treatment. Late reinterventions were similar for both techniques.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Etários , Resultado do Tratamento , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/mortalidade , Procedimentos Endovasculares/economia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/mortalidade , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Objective: The endovascular repair of aortic abdominal aneurysms exposes the patients and surgical team to ionizing radiation with risk of direct tissue damage and induction of gene mutation. This study aims to describe our standard of radiation exposure in endovascular aortic aneurysm repair and the factors that influence it. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of patients with abdominal infra-renal aortic aneurysms submitted to endovascular repair. This study evaluated the radiation doses (dose area product (DAP)), fluoroscopy durations and their relationships to the patients, aneurysms, and stent-graft characteristics. Results: This study included 127 patients with a mean age of 73 years. The mean DAP was 4.8 mGy.m(2), and the fluoroscopy time was 21.8 minutes. Aortic bilateral iliac aneurysms, higher body mass index, aneurysms with diameters larger than 60 mm, necks with diameters larger than 28 mm, common iliac arteries with diameters larger than 20 mm, and neck angulations superior to 50 degrees were associated with an increased radiation dose. The number of anatomic risk factors present was associated with increased radiation exposure and fluoroscopy time, regardless of the anatomical risk factors. Conclusion: The radiation exposure during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is significant (mean DAP 4.8 mGy.m(2)) with potential hazards to the surgical team and the patients. The anatomical characteristics of the aneurysm, patient characteristics, and the procedure's technical difficulty were all related to increased radiation exposure during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair procedures. Approximately 40% of radiation exposure can be explained by body mass index, neck angulation, aneurysm diameter, neck diameter, and aneurysm type.
Assuntos
Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Doses de Radiação , Exposição à Radiação , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Fluoroscopia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exposição Ocupacional , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
In a 2×2 factorial experimental design, embryo development, cryotolerance and global gene expression of Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) and Simmental (Bos taurus taurus) blastocysts produced in vitro (IVP) and in vivo (multiple ovulation derived embryo, MODE) were assessed. Blastocyst production was higher in Nellore than in Simmental (47.7±2.0% vs 27.0±2.0%) cows. The total numbers of ova or embryos recovered (5.5±0.9 vs 3.7±0.8) and transferable embryos (3.8±1.0 vs 2.3±0.8) per cow were not different between breeds. Simmental and MODE (34.6% and 38.5%, n=75 and 70) blastocysts had higher survival rates after cryopreservation compared with Nellore and IVP (20.2% and 18.1%, n=89 and 94) embryos, respectively. Differences between transcriptomes were addressed by principal-component analysis, which indicated that gene expression was affected by subspecies (158 genes), origin (532 genes) and interaction between both subspecies and origin (53 genes). Several functional processes and pathways relevant to lipid metabolism and embryo viability involving differentially expressed genes were identified. The lipid metabolism-related genes were upregulated in Simmental (AUH and ELOVL6) and IVP (ACSL3 and ACSL6) blastocysts. The expression profiles of genes related to mitochondrial metabolism (ATP5B), oxidative stress (GPX4), apoptosis (DAD1, DAP, PRDX2), heat shock (HSPA5), pregnancy (IFNT2, PAG2) and cell differentiation (KRT18) varied between experimental groups.
Assuntos
Blastocisto/fisiologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Fertilização , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/veterinária , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Animais , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Bovinos , Sobrevivência Celular , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária/veterinária , Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Masculino , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/veterinária , Gravidez , Análise de Componente Principal , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterinária , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to correlate some parameters (cleavage, blastocyst production, quality degree score, total cell number, fresh apoptosis and lipid content) with embryo survival after cryopreservation. A total of 1727 in vitro-produced bovine blastocysts were used to establish the parameters (mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)) for cleavage (85.6 ± 0.8), blastocyst production (39.9 ± 1.4), quality degree score (1.6 ± 0.1), total cell number (140.1 ± 2.9), fresh apoptosis (20.8 ± 1.1) and lipid content (21.3 ± 0.8 droplets). On the same way 1316 blastocysts were vitrified for the determination of post-cryopreservation embryo survival (49.4 ± 1.9). Fresh apoptosis rate and total lipid droplets value were correlated (P < 0.05) with embryo survival after cryopreservation (r = 0.91 and r = 0.59; respectively). However, cleavage, blastocyst production, quality degree score and total cell number were not correlated (P > 0.05) with embryo cryotolerance (r = 0.23, r = 0.38, r = 0.22 and r = 0.28; respectively). Therefore, the increased lipid content was moderately correlated with apoptosis in vitrified blastocysts. On the other hand, increased apoptosis in fresh blastocysts was strongly correlated with apoptosis in vitrified blastocysts, which indicated that the apoptosis rate in fresh embryos was a better parameter than the lipid content to predict post-vitrification embryo survival.
Assuntos
Blastocisto/citologia , Bovinos/embriologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Embrião de Mamíferos/citologia , Animais , Apoptose , Blastocisto/fisiologia , Bovinos/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular , Criopreservação/métodos , Técnicas de Cultura Embrionária , Embrião de Mamíferos/fisiologia , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Técnicas In Vitro , Lipídeos/análise , VitrificaçãoRESUMO
Lipid droplets, subspecies (Bos taurus indicus vs. Bos taurus taurus), and in vitro culture are known to influence cryopreservation of bovine embryos. Limited information is available regarding differences in membrane lipids in embryo, such as phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SM). The objective of the present study was to compare the profiles of several PC and SM species and relate this information to cytoplasmic lipid levels present in Nellore (B. taurus indicus) and Simmental (B. taurus taurus) blastocysts produced in vitro (IVP) or in vivo (ET). Simmental and IVP embryos had more cytoplasmic lipid content than Nellore and ET embryos (n = 30). Blastocysts were submitted to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Differences in the PC profile were addressed by principal component analysis. The lipid species with PC (32:1) and PC (34:1) had higher ion abundances in Nellore embryos, whereas PC (34:2) was higher in Simmental embryos. IVP embryos had less abundant ions of PC (32:1), PC (34:2), and PC (36:5) compared to ET embryos. Moreover, ion abundance of PC (32:0) was higher in both Nellore and Simmental IVP embryos compared to ET embryos. Therefore, mass spectrometry profiles of PC and SM species significantly differ with regard to unsaturation level and carbon chain composition in bovine blastocysts due to subspecies and in vitro culture conditions. Because PC abundances of Nellore and Simmental embryos were distinct (34:1 vs. 34:2), as were those of IVP and ET embryos (32:0 vs. 36:5), they are potential markers of postcryopreservation embryonic survival.
Assuntos
Blastocisto/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiologia , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Fertilização in vitro/veterinária , Fosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Esfingomielinas/metabolismo , Animais , Biomarcadores/química , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Blastocisto/citologia , Brasil , Criopreservação/veterinária , Ectogênese , Feminino , Fertilização , Fertilização in vitro/efeitos adversos , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos/veterinária , Fosfatidilcolinas/química , Gravidez , Análise de Componente Principal , Especificidade da Espécie , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/veterinária , Esfingomielinas/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/veterináriaRESUMO
The objective of this experiment was to test in vitro embryo production (IVP) as a tool to estimate fertility performance in zebu bulls using Bayesian inference statistics. Oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro using sperm cells from three different Zebu bulls (V, T, and G). The three bulls presented similar results with regard to pronuclear formation and blastocyst formation rates. However, the cleavage rates were different between bulls. The estimated conception rates based on combined data of cleavage and blastocyst formation were very similar to the true conception rates observed for the same bulls after a fixed-time artificial insemination program. Moreover, even when we used cleavage rate data only or blastocyst formation data only, the estimated conception rates were still close to the true conception rates. We conclude that Bayesian inference is an effective statistical procedure to estimate in vivo bull fertility using data from IVP.
RESUMO
RESUMO Devido as vantagens do tratamento superovulatório com a gonodotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG), esta vem sendo aplicada em programas de transferência de embriões de vacas nelore (Bos taurus indicus), com resultados comparáveis ao da utilização do hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH). Porém, a utilização da eCG está freqüentemente, associada com a ocorrência de um elevado número de folículos anovulatórios, secreção anormal de estradiol, progesterona e hormônio luteinizante (LH), além da possibilidade de reduzir a resposta superovulatória e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos. Uma alternativa para reduzir esta incidência é o tratamento com a eCG associada ao anticorpo monoclonal anti-eCG, garantindo respostas efetivas das doadoras, aumentando as taxas de ovulação e de embriões transferíveis , e prevenindo a falha da ovulação. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os aspectos envolvidos na falha da ovulação em vacas Nelore submetidas ao tratamento superovulatório com a eCG. Palavras-chave: falha da ovulação, superovulação, eCG, anticorpo anti-eCG, nelore OVULATION FAILURE AFTER SUPEROVULATORY TREATMENT WITH ECG IN NELORE (Bos Taurus indicus) CATTLE SUMARY Because the benefits of superovulatory treatment using equine chorionic gonodotrofina (eCG), this compound has been applied in embryo transfer programs from nellore (Bos taurus indicus) cattle, leading to the same
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RESUMO Devido as vantagens do tratamento superovulatório com a gonodotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG), esta vem sendo aplicada em programas de transferência de embriões de vacas nelore (Bos taurus indicus), com resultados comparáveis ao da utilização do hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH). Porém, a utilização da eCG está freqüentemente, associada com a ocorrência de um elevado número de folículos anovulatórios, secreção anormal de estradiol, progesterona e hormônio luteinizante (LH), além da possibilidade de reduzir a resposta superovulatória e a qualidade dos embriões produzidos. Uma alternativa para reduzir esta incidência é o tratamento com a eCG associada ao anticorpo monoclonal anti-eCG, garantindo respostas efetivas das doadoras, aumentando as taxas de ovulação e de embriões transferíveis , e prevenindo a falha da ovulação. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os aspectos envolvidos na falha da ovulação em vacas Nelore submetidas ao tratamento superovulatório com a eCG. Palavras-chave: falha da ovulação, superovulação, eCG, anticorpo anti-eCG, nelore OVULATION FAILURE AFTER SUPEROVULATORY TREATMENT WITH ECG IN NELORE (Bos Taurus indicus) CATTLE SUMARY Because the benefits of superovulatory treatment using equine chorionic gonodotrofina (eCG), this compound has been applied in embryo transfer programs from nellore (Bos taurus indicus) cattle, leading to the same
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Avaliaram-se estratégias para reduzir a mortalidade embrionária em bovinos. Vacas Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) foram inseminadas em tempo fixo (IATF - D0) após o protocolo GnRH/PGF2a/GnRH e divididas nos grupos: Controle (Gc; n=55), hCG (GhCG; n=55) recebeu 3000 UI da hCG no D5 , E2 (GE2; n=55) recebeu 5 mg de 17?-Estradiol (E2) no D12 e hCG/E2 (GhCG/E2; n=55) recebeu 3000 UI da hCG no D5 e 5mg do E2 no D12. A IATF foi o 1o dia da estação de reprodução de 64 dias. Usou-se o teste do c2 para comparar as taxas de serviço (TS), concepção (TC) e prenhez à IATF (TPIATF), às IAs de repasse e acumuladas. A TS e a TC das IAs de repasse não diferiu (P>0,10). Houve diferenças nas TPIATF (P<0,05), pois a TPIATF do GE2 (5,4%) foi a mais baixa e a do Gc (34,5%) e GhCG (36,5%) tenderam (P<0,10) ser maiores que a do GhCG/E2 (18,2%). Não houve efeito da hCG sobre as taxas de prenhez. O E2 reduziu a TPIATF e ao final da estação as vacas que receberam o E2 (GE2 + GhCG/E2) tiveram TPacum (66,4%) mais baixa (P<0,05) de que aquelas (80,9%) que não receberam (GC + GhCG). Em conclusão, as estratégias adotadas de manipulação luteínica ou folicular não aumentaram as taxas de prenhez em vacas Nelore após uma IATF.
Strategies to reduce embryo mortality in cattle have been evaluated. Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) cows were submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI - D0) after a GnRH/PGF2a/GnRH protocol. Cows were divided in the following groups: Control (Gc; n=55), hCG (GhCG; n=55) received 3000 IU of hCG on D5 , E2 (GE2; n=55) received 5 mg of Estradiol-17b (E2) on D12 and hCG/E2 (GhCG/E2; n=55) received hCG on D5 and E2 on D12. TAI represented the 1st day of a 64 day breeding season. The c2 test was applied to compare mating rate (MR), conception rate (CR) and pregnancy rate (PR) to TAI and AIs after natural estrus within the season as well as their accumulated figures at the end of the season. MR and CR for AIs within season did not differ (P>.10). PR to TAI differed (P<.05) among groups. GE2 showed the lowest rate (5,4%). Gc (34.5%) and GhCG (36.5%) tended (P<.10) to be higher than GhCG/E2 (18.2%). There was no effect of hCG on pregnancy rates. E2 reduced PR to TAI and at the end of season which means that cows receiving E2 (GE2 + GhCG/E2) had lower (66.4%; P<.05) PR than cows not receiving E2 (GC + GhCG; 80.9%). In conlusion, the strategies to manipulate luteal and follicular function herein tested did not increase pregnancy rates in Nelore cows submitted to a TAI.