RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and related disruptive consequences in the economic, health, and educational sectors have impacted people's lives, contributing to a context of increased economic and social vulnerability. The pandemic has revealed and accentuated social inequalities and discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin. This study aimed to contribute to the promotion of the mental health and well-being of migrant populations living in Portugal via the definition of an analytical framework and recommendations emerging from the EQUALS4COVID19 project. METHODS: To gather information on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resilience determinants among immigrants, a mixed-methods approach was implemented in 2022, combining a cross-sectional survey targeting immigrant adults in Portugal, focus groups with immigrants, focus groups with healthcare professionals, and in-depth individual interviews with stakeholders involved in the implementation of measures related to mental health and well-being during the pandemic. The analysis followed an integrated framework; quantitative data informed the script of qualitative data collection methods, and qualitative analysis informed the reinterpretation of quantitative data. RESULTS: The survey with 604 Brazilian and Cape Verdean immigrants revealed that gender (being a woman) was associated with both psychological distress and depression-related symptomatology and that the perception of discrimination was a major risk factor for psychological suffering, while perceived social support and individuals' resilience characteristics were protective factors. Qualitative data provided deeper insights into these findings, revealing the ways mental health is affected by social structures, such as gender and ethnic hierarchies. Migrants tend to work in precarious jobs requiring physical presence, which, together with dense housing conditions, puts them at higher risk of infection. The deterioration of the economic conditions of the general population has also increased the perception of ethnic-racial discrimination, which was found to be related to the increase in insecurity and anxiety-related symptomatology among the migrant population. Newly arrived migrants, with reduced support networks, experienced a greater sense of insecurity as well as concern and anguish regarding relatives who live far away, in their home country. Migrant women reported greater family-related distress, including work-life balance problems. CONCLUSIONS: Proposals to address mental health inequalities should be considered in the context of the necessary global changes both at the societal level and in the delivery of mental health services. Additionally, they should be considered with the active involvement of migrants, families, and communities in the design and delivery of mental health promotion and care processes.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Portugal/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Adulto , Migrantes/psicologia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Grupos Focais , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cabo Verde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology. The third section describes the emergence of Portuguese sexology and its principal historical milestones, institutions, and actors. Finally, the article discusses some implications of this process for the role of sexology as a science and profession. The study reveals the dynamics of national and international processes in the field, in the transition from a holistic perspective of sexology to the hegemony of sexual medicine, and sheds light on its mechanisms of legitimation as a transdisciplinary science of sexuality, suggesting future perspectives.
Assuntos
Sexologia/organização & administração , Brasil , Europa (Continente) , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Ocupações em Saúde/tendências , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Medicalização , Portugal , Sexologia/classificação , Sexologia/história , Sexologia/tendências , Comportamento Sexual/história , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This study sets out to discuss the emergence of the profession of sexologist in Portugal, comparing its development with international trends. This research also seeks to understand the self-identification of sexologists and the significances they attribute to it. The empirical information presented derives from a survey conducted with 91 Portuguese sexologists identified through the leading professional associations and from 44 in-depth interviews with experts selected by intentional sampling to ensure the diversity of Portuguese sexologists. The results of the survey indicate that the Portuguese sexologist is on average 43 years old, mainly female, non-physician, and has training in sexology. Considering the qualifications of the interviewees, their professional trajectories and the activities they develop in the field, and the discourses related to their ideals of the profession, a typology was found with five types: sexologists by vocation, sexologist by clinical practice, sexologists by certification, social scientist-sexologists and sexologists by media coverage. The survey identified an interesting diversity of practices and professional conceptions in the field of sexology in Portugal. Being a sexologist appears to be more associated with the ideals of the profession than the time devoted to same.
Assuntos
Ocupações , Sexologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Portugal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumo Este estudo visa discutir a emergência da profissão de sexólogo em Portugal, comparando a sua evolução com as tendências internacionais. Procura igualmente compreender as autoidentificações profissionais dos sexólogos e os sentidos que eles lhes atribuem. A informação empírica apresentada resulta de um inquérito por questionário a 91 sexólogos identificados através das principais associações profissionais e de 44 entrevistas aprofundadas junto de peritos selecionados através de uma amostragem intencional para assegurar a diversidade dos sexólogos portugueses. Os resultados do inquérito indicam que em média o sexólogo português tem 43 anos, é maioritariamente do sexo feminino, não médico, e tem formação em sexologia. Considerando as habilitações, os percursos profissionais e as atividades desenvolvidas no campo, e os discursos dos entrevistados relativos aos seus ideais de profissão, obtivemos uma tipologia com cinco categorias: sexólogos por vocação, sexólogos pela prática clínica, sexólogos por certificação, sexólogos-cientistas sociais e sexólogos por mediatização. A pesquisa identificou uma interessante diversidade de práticas e conceções profissionais no campo da sexologia portuguesa. Ser sexólogo parece estar mais ligado aos ideais sobre a profissão do que ao tempo dedicado à mesma.
Abstract This study sets out to discuss the emergence of the profession of sexologist in Portugal, comparing its development with international trends. This research also seeks to understand the self-identification of sexologists and the significances they attribute to it. The empirical information presented derives from a survey conducted with 91 Portuguese sexologists identified through the leading professional associations and from 44 in-depth interviews with experts selected by intentional sampling to ensure the diversity of Portuguese sexologists. The results of the survey indicate that the Portuguese sexologist is on average 43 years old, mainly female, non-physician, and has training in sexology. Considering the qualifications of the interviewees, their professional trajectories and the activities they develop in the field, and the discourses related to their ideals of the profession, a typology was found with five types: sexologists by vocation, sexologist by clinical practice, sexologists by certification, social scientist-sexologists and sexologists by media coverage. The survey identified an interesting diversity of practices and professional conceptions in the field of sexology in Portugal. Being a sexologist appears to be more associated with the ideals of the profession than the time devoted to same.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Sexologia , Ocupações , Portugal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumo: Com base na teoria dos campos de Bourdieu, este artigo analisa a emergência e a institucionalização da sexologia enquanto ciência e profissão em Portugal, identificando instituições, atores e práticas profissionais, e discutindo as suas relações e especificidades. Começa por contextualizar o surgimento da sexologia moderna ocidental para uma compreensão do caso português no contexto sexológico internacional. Numa segunda parte, descreve os fatores de natureza social, cultural e institucional que têm impulsionado a profissionalização da sexologia. Na terceira, descreve a emergência da sexologia portuguesa e os seus principais marcos históricos, instituições e atores em jogo. Por fim, discute algumas implicações desse processo para o papel da sexologia como ciência e profissão. Esta pesquisa revela as dinâmicas entre processos nacionais e internacionais no campo, na transição de uma perspectiva holística da sexologia para a hegemonia da medicina sexual, e clarifica os seus mecanismos de legitimação como ciência transdisciplinar da sexualidade, sugerindo perspectivas futuras.
Abstract: Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology. The third section describes the emergence of Portuguese sexology and its principal historical milestones, institutions, and actors. Finally, the article discusses some implications of this process for the role of sexology as a science and profession. The study reveals the dynamics of national and international processes in the field, in the transition from a holistic perspective of sexology to the hegemony of sexual medicine, and sheds light on its mechanisms of legitimation as a transdisciplinary science of sexuality, suggesting future perspectives.
Resumen: En base a la teoría de los campos de Bourdieu, este artículo analiza la emergencia y la institucionalización de la sexología como ciencia y profesión en Portugal, identificando instituciones, actores y prácticas profesionales, y discutiendo sus relaciones y especificidades. Comienza por contextualizar el surgimiento de la sexología moderna occidental para una comprensión del caso portugués en el contexto sexológico internacional. En una segunda parte, se describen los factores de naturaleza social, cultural e institucional que han impulsado la profesionalización de la sexología. En la tercera parte, se describe la emergencia de la sexología portuguesa y sus principales marcos históricos, instituciones, y actores en juego. Finalmente, discute algunas implicaciones de este proceso para el papel de la sexología como ciencia y profesión. Esta investigación revela las dinámicas entre procesos nacionales e internacionales en el campo, en la transición de una perspectiva holística de la sexología para la hegemonía de la medicina sexual, y clarifica sus mecanismos de legitimización como ciencia transdisciplinaria de la sexualidad, sugiriendo perspectivas futuras.