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This work evaluated structured lipids (SLs) through chemical and enzymatic interesterification (CSLs and ESLs). Blends of soybean oil and peanut oil 1:1 wt% were used, with gradual addition of fully hydrogenated crambe to obtain a final behenic acid concentration of 6, 12, 18, and 24 %. Chemical catalysis used sodium methoxide (0.4 wt%) at 100 °C for 30 min, while enzymatic catalysis used Lipozyme TL IM (5 wt%) at 60 °C for 6 h. Major fatty acids identified were C16:0, C18:0, and C22:0. It was observed that with gradual increase of hard fat, the CSLs showed high concentrations of reaction intermediates, indicating further a steric hindrance, unlike ESLs. Increased hard fat also altered crystallization profile and triacylglycerols composition and ESLs showed lower solid fat, unlike CSLs. Both methods effectively produced SLs as an alternative to trans and palm fats, view to potential future applications in food products.
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Óleo de Palmeira , Óleo de Soja , Óleo de Palmeira/química , Óleo de Soja/química , Esterificação , Óleo de Amendoim/química , Ácidos Graxos trans/química , Ácidos Graxos trans/análise , Ácidos Graxos/química , Lipídeos/química , Triglicerídeos/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Lipase/química , Lipase/metabolismo , HidrogenaçãoRESUMO
The combination of a polyphenol, quercetin, with dasatinib initiated clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of senolytics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a lung disease associated with the presence of senescent cells. Another approach to senotherapeutics consists of controlling inflammation related to cellular senescence or "inflammaging", which participates, among other processes, in establishing pulmonary fibrosis. We evaluate whether polyphenols such as caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, quercetin, or resveratrol combined with different senotherapeutics such as metformin or rapamycin, and antifibrotic drugs such as nintedanib or pirfenidone, could present beneficial actions in an in vitro model of senescent MRC-5 lung fibroblasts. A senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) was evaluated by the measurement of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1ß. The senescent-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) activity and cellular proliferation were assessed. Fibrosis was evaluated using a Picrosirius red assay and the gene expression of fibrosis-related genes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assayed in the A549 cell line exposed to Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-ß in vitro. The combination that demonstrated the best results was metformin and caffeic acid, by inhibiting IL-6 and IL-8 in senescent MRC-5 cells. Metformin and caffeic acid also restore cellular proliferation and reduce SA-ß-gal activity during senescence induction. The collagen production by senescent MRC-5 cells was inhibited by epicatechin alone or combined with drugs. Epicatechin and nintedanib were able to control EMT in A549 cells. In conclusion, caffeic acid and epicatechin can potentially increase the effectiveness of senotherapeutic drugs in controlling lung diseases whose pathophysiological component is the presence of senescent cells and fibrosis.
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Senescência Celular , Fibroblastos , Pulmão , Polifenóis , Humanos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Polifenóis/farmacologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Células A549 , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacos , Metformina/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Indóis/farmacologia , Senoterapia/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Fenótipo Secretor Associado à Senescência/efeitos dos fármacos , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/genética , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/metabolismo , PiridonasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Systematic review. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (or CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (or CINAHL®), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Allied, Scopus®, and OpenGrey databases, clinical trial registration sites, conferences, congresses, and symposiums were searched. RESULTS: Twenty-one randomized trials and one quasi-randomized trial (1,677 participants) were included. For partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), IS was inferior to respiratory care (mean difference [MD] -4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.32 to -0.63). Flow-oriented IS was inferior to respiratory care on PaO2 (MD -4.53; 95% CI -8.88 to -0.18). However, compared to respiratory care, flow-oriented IS was superior on recovery vital capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis revealed that IS was not superior to standard respiratory care for PPCs and clinical outcomes, therefore its use should not be widely recommended until further studies with high quality be performed to ensure this clinical guidance.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Espirometria , Humanos , Hospitais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Motivação , Oxigênio , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMO
Therapeutically targeting senescent cells seems to be an interesting perspective in treating chronic lung diseases, which are often associated with human aging. The combination of the drug dasatinib and the polyphenol quercetin is used in clinical trials as a senolytic, and the first results point to the relief of physical dysfunction in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In this work, we tested new combinations of drugs and polyphenols, looking for senolytic activity using human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5 cell line) with induced senescence. We researched drugs, such as azithromycin, rapamycin, metformin, FK-506, aspirin, and dasatinib combined with nine natural polyphenols, namely caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, epicatechin, hesperidin, quercetin, and resveratrol. We found new effective senolytic combinations with dasatinib and ellagic acid and dasatinib and resveratrol. Both drug combinations increased apoptosis, reduced BCL-2 expression, and increased caspase activity in senescent MRC-5 cells. Ellagic acid senolytic activity was more potent than quercetin, and resveratrol counteracted inflammatory cytokine release during senolysis in vitro. In conclusion, dasatinib and ellagic acid and dasatinib and resveratrol present in vitro senolytic potential like that observed for the combination in clinical trials of dasatinib and quercetin, and maybe they could be future alternatives in the senotherapeutic field.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiac surgery is a frequent surgical procedure and may present a high risk of complications. Among the prophylactic strategies studied to decrease the rates of negative outcomes, respiratory care seems to reduce pulmonary complications. Incentive spirometry (IS) is a low-cost, respiratory exercise technique, used for the prevention and treatment of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC). The aim of this review was to evaluate whether IS is superior to respiratory care, mobilization exercises, and noninvasive ventilation on PPC, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Systematic review. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (or CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (or CINAHL®), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), Allied, Scopus®, and OpenGrey databases, clinical trial registration sites, conferences, congresses, and symposiums were searched. Results: Twenty-one randomized trials and one quasi-randomized trial (1,677 participants) were included. For partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), IS was inferior to respiratory care (mean difference [MD] -4.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.32 to -0.63). Flow-oriented IS was inferior to respiratory care on PaO2 (MD -4.53; 95% CI -8.88 to -0.18). However, compared to respiratory care, flow-oriented IS was superior on recovery vital capacity. Conclusions: This meta-analysis revealed that IS was not superior to standard respiratory care for PPCs and clinical outcomes, therefore its use should not be widely recommended until further studies with high quality be performed to ensure this clinical guidance.
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Objetivo: compreender e mensurar os conhecimentos sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e seus fatores associados entre estudantes de uma universidade federal. Método:realizou-se uma pesquisa transversal, quantitativa, de amostragem não aleatória. Os critérios de seleção foram ser estudante da universidade e possuir maioridade. Coletou-se os dados entre outubro e dezembro de 2020, através de um questionário online. Na análise de dados realizou-se as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis e verificou-se associações pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados: dos 284estudantes universitários do sul do Brasil participantes,40,1% obtiveram sete acertos, 38,4%, seis acertos e 21,5%, cinco acertos ou menos. Observou-se que alguns fatores influenciam no conhecimento no assunto: renda; sexo; área do curso de graduação; e conhecer alguém com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Conclusão:estudantes ainda carecem de conhecimentos no assunto, existindo necessidade de organizar políticas públicas dos serviços de saúde em direção a esse tema nas abordagens comportamental e biomédica.
Objective:to understand and measure knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and their associated factors among students at a federal university. Method:a cross-sectional, quantitative, non-random sampling survey was made. The selection criteria were being an undergraduate student in adulthood. Data were collected between October and December 2020, through an online questionnaire. In the data analysis, the absolute and relative frequencies of the variables were executed and associations were verified using thechi-square test. Results:of the 284undergraduate students of southern Brazil, 40.1% had 7 points, 38.4% 6 points, and 21.5% 5 points or fewer. It was observed that some factors influence the knowledge on the subject: income; sex; undergraduate course area; and knowing someone with sexually transmitted diseases. Conclusion:students still lack knowledge on the subject, showing a need to organize public policies in health services toward this topic in behavioral and biomedical approaches.
Objetivo: comprender y medir el conocimiento sobre enfermedades de transmisión sexual y sus factores asociados entre estudiantes de una universidad federal. Método:encuesta transversal, de muestreo no aleatorio. Los criterios de selección eran ser estudiante y ser mayor de edad. Los datos se recogieron entre octubre y diciembre de 2020 por cuestionario online. Los análisis se realizaron con las frecuencias absolutasy relativas de las variables con prueba del cuádruple. Resultados:de los 284 estudiantes del sur de Brasil participantes, 40,1% obtuvo 7 aciertos, 38,4% con 6 aciertos y 21,5% 5 aciertos o menos. Se observó que algunos factores influyen en el conocimiento del tema: renda, sexo, área de la graduación y contacto con alguien sobre enfermedades sexualmente transmisible. Conclusión:los estudiantes aún carecen de conocimientos sobre el tema, habiendo la necesidad de organizar las políticas públicas de los servicios de salud en los enfoques comportamental y biomédico.
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Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Educação Sexual , EstudantesRESUMO
Hypertension is a widespread health risk, affecting over a billion people and causing 9 million deaths per year. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a primary target for hypertension treatment, and it is primarily treated through drugs that inhibit the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE). In addition to pharmacological treatment, various plants are recommended in traditional medicine for blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to produce high-phenolic-content extracts with and without enzymatic assistance from red grape pomace and evaluate their antioxidant capacity and ACE inhibitory potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured, and phenolic identification was performed using HPLC analysis. In addition, the antioxidant capacity and anti-hypertensive potential were determined via in vitro assays. There was no statistical difference in the TPC antioxidant capacity between the extraction methods. Otherwise, when considering the extraction yield, the enzymatic process recovered around 70% more phenolic compounds from the pomace, and the phenolic profile was changed. Enzymatic assistance also significantly increased the ACE inhibitory potential in the grape pomace extract. This study demonstrates the viability of upcycling grape pomace to obtain bioactive compounds and to reduce their environmental impact, and highlights the influence of the enzymatic extraction on the hypotensive potential of the extract.
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There is a growing demand for practical and healthy food products. Obtaining naturally colored breakfast cereals with the incorporation of functional ingredients is a promising alternative for consumers that are looking for healthiness. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using vegetable flours, rich in pigments, to obtain naturally colored breakfast cereals through thermoplastic extrusion. Vegetables considered "unsuitable for the retail market", classified as "type B", were used to prepare different flours from carrot (CF), spinach (SF) and beetroot (BF). Extrudates were produced from a mixture of 90% broken rice (BR) and 10% vegetable flour (CF, SF or BF). Besides giving the extrudates a natural color, the use of vegetable flours also provided nutritional and functional enrichment due to increased mineral, protein, lipid, fiber and phenolic compound contents, and greater antioxidant capacity. However, some of these components, such as fibers, affect extrudate physical structure and technological characteristics, evidenced by reduced expansion, hardness, paste viscosity and greater interaction with water present in milk under consumption conditions. In general, the evaluated flours proved to be an alternative for imparting a natural color to extruded breakfast cereals, in addition to positively contributing to their nutritional and functional value.
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Oryza , Verduras , Farinha , Grão Comestível , DesjejumRESUMO
We report a case of high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in a free-living white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) in Central Brazil. Grossly, it appeared as a soft yellow mass, approximately 8 cm in diameter, with an irregular, adherent and ulcerated surface, which extended from the proximal epiphysis of the femur to the proximal third of the tibia and fibula. The mass invaded the medullary cavity and had a necrotic centre. Multiple nodular metastases (0.5-1.5 cm) were present in the liver, lungs and spleen. Histologically, the neoplasm was characterized by pleomorphic cells with indistinct boundaries, many multinucleated cells, necrosis and tissue invasion. There was intense cytoplasmic immunolabelling of neoplastic cells for vimentin and moderate cytoplasmic and nuclear labelling for human muscle actin, human smooth muscle actin and lysozyme. Immunolabelling for Iba1, CD18, CD1A, cytokeratin AE1/AE3, glial fibrillary acidic protein and desmin was negative. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in this species.
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Didelphis , Sarcoma , Animais , Humanos , Actinas , Sarcoma/veterinária , BrasilRESUMO
Introdução: Cerca de 31% dos pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 perdem mais de 5% de seu peso inicial, levando a fraqueza muscular. Portanto, a composição corporal tornou-se foco de investigação, para estimar comprometimento pulmonar, força da musculatura inspiratória e mortalidade. Objetivos: Investigar se a perda de peso e a composição corporal de pacientes internados com COVID-19 influenciam na função pulmonar e na força muscular inspiratória após alta hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Pacientes adultos foram avaliados após internação por COVID-19. Os desfechos avaliados foram função pulmonar, pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx), composição corporal e mortalidade. As correlações entre as variáveis foram estimadas pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Resultados: A capacidade Vital Forçada (CVF) foi correlacionada com perda de peso, massa muscular esquelética, massa magra, perna esquerda e massa livre de gordura; o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) correlacionou-se apenas com a perda de peso; e a Pimáx foi correlacionada com massa muscular esquelética, massa magra, perna esquerda, perna direita e massa livre de gordura. Conclusão: Observou-se correlação moderada entre CVF e as variáveis de composição corporal analisadas, exceto massa magra da perna esquerda; entre VEF1 e perda de peso; e entre Pimáx e as variáveis de composição corporal analisadas, exceto perda de peso.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A dessaturação da oxihemoglobina induzida pelo exercício em pacientes pós-COVID-19 parece estar associada à redução da difusão e dos volumes pulmonares, à maior dispneia e baixa capacidade funcional, sendo relacionada à maior mortalidade e pior prognóstico. A reabilitação cardiopulmonar e metabólica (RCPM) é relevante, pois visa restaurar a funcionalidade, tolerância ao esforço e a qualidade de vida (QV). OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da RCPM em pacientes que apresentaram dessaturação da oxihemoglobina induzida pelo exercício após alta hospitalar pela COVID-19 e ainda observar a diferença entre os treinamentos contínuo de moderada intensidade (TCMI) e o intervalado de alta intensidade (TIAI) na tolerância ao esforço, nos sintomas e na QV. MÉTODOS: Trata-se do relato de uma série de 4 casos que foram hospitalizados por COVID-19 e que após alta hospitalar apresentaram dessaturação da oxihemoglobina induzida pelo esforço durante o teste do degrau de 6 minutos (TD6). Os pacientes foram avaliados por meio de espirometria de repouso, mensuração da força da musculatura inspiratória, TD6, teste da caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), teste de repetições máximas do quadríceps e bíceps braquial e responderam ao questionário SF-36 de QV. Submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento contendo treino da musculatura inspiratória e treino resistido para grandes grupos musculares, adicionalmente, 2 pacientes fizeram TCMI (com 60-80% da frequência cárdica de reserva (FCR)) e 2 TIAI (com 40% da FCR na fase off, durante 4 minutos e 80 a 100%, na fase on, durante 2 minutos) em esteira por 30 minutos e, por fim, após 3 meses foram reavaliados. RESULTADOS: Observouse aumento da tolerância ao esforço, da força muscular inspiratória e periférica, além da melhora da QV e redução dos sintomas em todos os pacientes após a RCPM, porém houve incrementos maiores nos pacientes submetidos ao TIAI comparados ao TCMI na distância percorrida em metros (caso 1- 156 (23% de incremento); caso 3 - 168 (40%)) versus (caso 2 e 4 - 60 metros, com incrementos de 9% e 14%, respectivamente) e maior número de degraus (caso 1- 28 (23% de aumento); caso 3- 37 (34%)) versus (caso 2 2 (2% incremento); caso 4 - 15 (21%)). CONCLUSÃO: A RCPM apresentou efeitos positivos, com incremento da capacidade funcional e melhora da QV, além da redução dos sintomas durante o esforço, particularmente nos pacientes submetidos ao TIAI.
INTRODUCTION: Exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation in post-COVID-19 patients appears to be associated with reduced diffusion and lung volumes, greater dyspnea and low functional capacity, being related to higher mortality and worse prognosis. Cardiopulmonary and metabolic rehabilitation (CPMR) is relevant, as it aims to restore functionality, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of CPMR in patients who presented exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation after hospital discharge due to COVID-19 and also to observe the difference between moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on effort tolerance, symptoms and QoL. METHODS: This is the report of a series of 4 cases who were hospitalized for COVID-19 and who, after hospital discharge, presented exertion-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation during the 6-minute step test (6MST). Patients were assessed using spirometry at rest, measurement of inspiratory muscle strength, 6MST, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), quadriceps and biceps brachii maximum repetitions test, and answered the SF-36 QoL questionnaire. Submitted to a training protocol containing training of the inspiratory muscles and resistance training for large muscle groups, additionally, 2 patients underwent CMIT (with 60-80% of heart rate reserve) and 2 HIIT (with 40% of HR reserve in the off, for 4 minutes and 80 to 100%, in the on phase, for 2 minutes) on a treadmill for 30 minutes, finally, after 3 months, they were reassessed. RESULTS: There was an increase in effort tolerance, inspiratory and peripheral muscle strength, in addition to an improvement in QoL and a reduction in symptoms in all patients after CPMR, but there were greater increments in patients submitted to HIIT compared to CMIT in the distance covered in meters (case 1 - 156 (23% increment); case 3 - 168 (40%)) versus (case 2 and 4 - 60 meters, with increments of 9% and 14%, respectively) and greater number of steps (case 1 - 28 (23% increase); case 3- 37 (34%)) versus (case 2 2 (2% increment); case 4 - 15 (21%)). CONCLUSION: CPMR had positive effects, with an increase in functional capacity and improvement in QoL, in addition to a reduction in symptoms during exertion, particularly in patients undergoing HIIT.
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COVID-19 , Pacientes , OxiemoglobinasRESUMO
Background: Adherence to treatment is critical when dealing with chronic diseases. One of the difficulties in maintain long-term adherence is the distance from home to rehabilitation center. Objective: To determine the influence of the distance from subjects' residence to rehabilitation center on adherence of a 12-week pulmonary rehabilitation program in chronic respiratory disease. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients' medical records with chronic respiratory diseases from a pulmonary rehabilitation center. Driving distance between patients' home and rehabilitation center was calculated with Google maps. The home-rehabilitation center distances were classified in three levels: up to 10, 10-30 and more than 30 km. Results: 280 medical records from patients with chronic pulmonary diseases with medical indication to follow the pulmonary rehabilitation program were found and 148 medical records were included in our study. Out of them, the majority (n = 93) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Seventy percent of patients lived up to 10 km, 24% lived between 10 and 30 km and 6% lived more than 30 km. No difference in adherence was found comparing the three groups based on the distance from home to rehabilitation center. Conclusion: In this study, distance between home and rehabilitation center did not influence adherence to pulmonary rehabilitation program. (AU)
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Centros de Reabilitação , Terapêutica , Características de Residência , Prontuários Médicos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrônicaRESUMO
We are currently facing a pandemic that continuously causes high death rates and has negative economic and psychosocial impacts. Therefore, this period requires a quick search for viable procedures that can allow us to use safe and non-invasive clinical tools as prophylactic or even adjuvant methods in the treatment of COVID-19. Some evidence shows that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce respiratory disorders similar to acute lung injury (ALI), complications associated with infections, such as the one caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of PBMT (infrared low-level laser therapy) on the treatment of ALI, one of the main critical complications of COVID-19 infection, in an experimental model in rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to three experimental groups (n = 8): control group (CG), controlled ALI (ALI), and acute lung injury and PBM (ALIP). For treatment, a laser equipment was used (808 nm; 30 mw; 1.68 J) applied at three sites (anterior region of the trachea and in the ventral regions of the thorax, bilaterally) in the period of 1 and 24 h after induction of ALI. For treatment evaluation, descriptive histopathological analysis, lung injury score, analysis of the number of inflammatory cells, and expression of interleukin 1 ß (IL-1ß) were performed. In the results, it was possible to observe that the treatment with PBMT reduced inflammatory infiltrates, thickening of the alveolar septum, and lung injury score when compared to the ALI group. In addition, PBMT showed lower immunoexpression of IL-1ß. Therefore, based on the results observed in the present study, it can be concluded that treatment with PBMT (infrared low-level laser therapy) was able to induce an adequate tissue response capable of modulating the signs of inflammatory process in ALI, one of the main complications of COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Animais , COVID-19/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/métodos , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" of the "Universidade de Brasília" (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.
Com o objetivo de determinar os principais achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, sexo, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. Em 69,44% dos casos havia a espécie informada nos protocolos de necropsia, que incluíam Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) e Podocnemis expansa (2%). Em 30,55% dos casos não tiveram esse parâmetro informado e foram classificados apenas como Testudines. Em 41,66% casos foi informado o sexo, sendo fêmea 22,22%, macho 19,44% e não informados 58,33%. Destes animais 79,16% eram de órgão ambiental e 20,84% de zoológicos e ou tutores. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes lesivos (48,97%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido por distúrbios inflamatórios (32,65%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos (28,57%). Os principais diagnósticos foram fratura de carapaça e ou plastrão com 30,61%, esteatose hepática (20,40%) e pneumonia (10,22%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.
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Animais , Fraturas Ósseas/mortalidade , Fígado Gorduroso/mortalidade , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Tartarugas/anatomia & histologia , Tartarugas/lesões , Autopsia/veterináriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.
RESUMO: Com o objetivo de determinar os principais achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, sexo, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. Em 69,44% dos casos havia a espécie informada nos protocolos de necropsia, que incluíam Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) e Podocnemis expansa (2%). Em 30,55% dos casos não tiveram esse parâmetro informado e foram classificados apenas como Testudines. Em 41,66% casos foi informado o sexo, sendo fêmea 22,22%, macho 19,44% e não informados 58,33%. Destes animais 79,16% eram de órgão ambiental e 20,84% de zoológicos e ou tutores. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes lesivos (48,97%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido por distúrbios inflamatórios (32,65%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos (28,57%). Os principais diagnósticos foram fratura de carapaça e ou plastrão com 30,61%, esteatose hepática (20,40%) e pneumonia (10,22%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.
RESUMO
In order to determine the main anatomopathological findings of Testudines necropsied in the Distrito Federal, all necropsy records performed at the "Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária" of the "Universidade de Brasília" (LPV-UnB) on Testudines during the period from January 2008 to July 2020 were reviewed. The 72 cases reviewed were grouped and classified according to species, sex, origin, season of occurrence, and diagnosis. In 69.44% of the cases the species was informed in the necropsy protocols, which included Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) and Podocnemis expansa (2%). In 30.55% of the cases this parameter was not informed and were classified only as Testudines. In 41.66% of the cases the sex was informed, being female 22.22%, male 19.44%, and 58.33% were not informed. Of these animals 79.16% were from environmental agencies and 20.84% from zoos and/or guardians. In 70.83% of the animals analyzed they were directly related to the autumn and winter seasons, with June being the most frequent month (29.17%). The conclusive diagnosis was possible in 68.05% of the cases. The category of disorders caused by injurious agents (48.97%) was the most prevalent, followed by inflammatory disorders (32.65%) and nutritional and metabolic disorders (28.57%). The main diagnoses were carapace and/or plastron fracture with 30.61%, hepatic steatosis (20.40%) and pneumonia (10.22%). Most cases of carapace or plastron fracture and hepatic steatosis occurred in animals from environmental agencies.(AU)
Com o objetivo de determinar os principais achados anatomopatológicos de Testudines necropsiados no Distrito Federal, foram revisadas todas as fichas de necropsia realizadas no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) em Testudines, durante o período de janeiro de 2008 a julho de 2020. Os 72 casos revisados foram agrupados e classificados quanto à espécie, sexo, procedência, estação do ano de ocorrência e diagnóstico. Em 69,44% dos casos havia a espécie informada nos protocolos de necropsia, que incluíam Phrynops geoffroanus (38%), Trachemys dorbigni (36%), Chelonoidis carbonaria (14%), Chelonoidis denticulata (10%) e Podocnemis expansa (2%). Em 30,55% dos casos não tiveram esse parâmetro informado e foram classificados apenas como Testudines. Em 41,66% casos foi informado o sexo, sendo fêmea 22,22%, macho 19,44% e não informados 58,33%. Destes animais 79,16% eram de órgão ambiental e 20,84% de zoológicos e ou tutores. Em 70,83% dos animais analisados tiveram direta relação com as estações de outono e inverno, sendo o mês de junho o mais frequente (29,17%). O diagnóstico conclusivo foi possível em 68,05% dos casos. A categoria de distúrbios causados por agentes lesivos (48,97%) foi a mais prevalente, seguido por distúrbios inflamatórios (32,65%) e dos distúrbios nutricionais e metabólicos (28,57%). Os principais diagnósticos foram fratura de carapaça e ou plastrão com 30,61%, esteatose hepática (20,40%) e pneumonia (10,22%). A maior parte dos casos de fratura de carapaça ou plastrão e de esteatose hepática ocorreram em animais provenientes de órgão ambiental.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Tartarugas/anatomia & histologia , Tartarugas/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/mortalidade , Fígado Gorduroso/mortalidade , Autopsia/veterináriaRESUMO
Brazil is one of the primary suppliers of wildlife for trafficking, which constitutes a significant threat to biodiversity, which can cause the extinction of species, especially birds, the most important victims of trafficking. This study analyzed the wild avifauna collected in the Triage Centers of Wild Animals (CETAS) of Bahia, to inventory the most apprehended species that are threatened with extinction, and estimate the municipalities that function as suppliers and traders of wildlife. Data from 2009 to 2019 were made available by the Salvador and Vitoria da Conquista units, and that from 2010 to 2016 was made available by the, Porto Seguro unit. The survey was conducted through the entry records of birds, considering apprehension, spontaneous deliveries, rescues, and transfers between units involved in the study. Out of the total 80,948 birds analyzed, 65,315 (80.68%) were apprehended; 7,885 (9.74%) were voluntary deliveries; 6,196 (7.65%) were rescues, and 1,034 (1.28%) were transfers. There was no entry modality for 518 (0.64%) specimens. The most trafficked species were Sicalis flaveola (Saffron Finch), Sporophila nigricollis (Yellow-bellied Seedeater), Paroaria dominicana (Red-cowlead Cardinal), Cyanoloxia brissonii (Ultramarine Grosbeak), Sporophila caerulescens (Double-collared Seedeater), and Sporophila albogularis (White-throated Seedeater). Nine hundred twenty six specimens exhibited some threat. Analysis showed that the greatest flow of bird traffic occurs on BR 242 and BR 116. The municipalities that comprise the mesoregions Center-South, Center-North Baiano, and the Metropolitan Region of Salvador are those with greater concentrations of illegal activity. Irecê and Paulo Afonso constitute areas for the capture and commercialization of wild animals.
O Brasil é um dos principais fornecedores de vida silvestre para o tráfico. Essa prática configura ameaça à biodiversidade brasileira, provoca extinção de espécies, sobretudo da avifauna, as principais vítimas do tráfico. O estudo objetivou analisar a avifauna silvestre recolhida nos Centros de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (CETAS) do estado da Bahia, buscando quantificar as espécies mais apreendidas, ameaçadas de extinção e estimar os municípios que atuam como possíveis fornecedores e comercializadores de vida silvestre. Os dados disponibilizados pelas unidades de Salvador e Vitória da Conquista compreenderam o período de 2009 a 2019 e unidade de Porto Seguro, o período de 2010 a 2016. O levantamento foi realizado através dos registros de entrada de aves, considerando apreensões, entregas espontâneas, resgates e transferências entre unidades envolvidas no estudo. Foram recebidas 80.948 aves, sendo procedentes de apreensões 65.315 (80,68%); entregas voluntárias 7.885 (9,74%); resgates 6.196 (7,65%) e transferências 1.034 (1,28%). Não houve registro de modalidade de entrada para 518 (0,64%) espécimes. As espécies mais traficadas foram Sicalis flaveola (Canário-da-terra), Sporophila nigricollis (Papa-capim), Paroaria dominicana (Cardeal-do-nordeste), Cyanoloxia brissonii (Azulão), Sporophila caerulescens (Coleirinho) e Sporophila albogularis (Golinho). Identificou-se 926 espécimes com algum tipo de ameaça. A análise demonstrou que o maior fluxo de tráfico de aves ocorre nas BR 242 e BR 116. Os municípios que compõem as mesorregiões Centro-Sul, Centro Norte Baiano e a Região Metropolitana de Salvador são os que possuem maiores fluxos de atuação no comércio ilegal. Irecê e Paulo Afonso são áreas de captura e comercialização intensa de animais silvestres.
Assuntos
Animais , Aves , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , BiodiversidadeRESUMO
Background: Hemangioma is a benign dermal or subcutaneous endothelial cell tumor composed of vascular spaces of varying sizes filled with erythrocytes and lined with a single layer of uniform endothelial cells. Although the pathogenesis is not well defined, these tumors are considered to result from an imbalance in angiogenesis, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of vascular elements. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in sheep. This report describes the clinical, laboratory, and pathological findings of a case of congenital hemangioma affecting a newborn lamb. Case: A 5-day-old crossbred (Dorper x Santa Inês) lamb presenting with an ear nodule that expanded in the right ear was necropsied. An expansive subcutaneous nodule was observed macroscopically; it occupied approximately 90% of the right ear and had a crusty, irregular surface. The cut surface had multiple cavitations delimited by firm fibrous tissue and a light yellow-to-translucent content. Microscopically, it showed focally extensive subcutaneous neoplastic proliferation and moderate cellularity; it was formed of vascular beds of varied sizes and supported by moderate fibrocollagenous stroma. Suppurative inflammation was observed in the neoplastic vascular beds with large amounts of free basophilic coccoid bacteria inside macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. Strong cytoplasmic labeling was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells for CD31 and factor VIII. The Ki67 proliferation marker was positive in approximately 5% of neoplastic cells. The cells did not express smooth muscle actin (1A4) or pan-cytokeratin (AE1AE3). Histological characteristics and immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with those of congenital cutaneous hemangioma, a rare neoplasm in sheep. Discussion: The association of clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical data enabled the diagnosis of congenital cutaneous hemangioma in the 5-day-old lamb. Reports of vascular tumors in sheep are not frequent in literature and usually involve adult animals with no anatomical site predilection. In sheep, the occurrence of nasotracheal hemangioma in a 2-year-old ewe and gingival hemangioma in a 5-year-old sheep have already been described. A cutaneous extra-neural hemangioblastoma was diagnosed in the ear of a 1-month-old lamb. IHC was also used to confirm the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma. Macroscopically, hemangiomas can present as well-delimited and encapsulated masses that when cut, show a reticulated pattern similar to honeycombs that separate the blood-filled cavities. The present case showed a similar conformation but without enough erythrocytes to result in a bloody appearance. Tumor drainage and the predominance of blood serum in the content possibly made it macroscopically translucent. Microscopically, the hemangioma was classified as cavernous. This morphological variation forms large channels separated by fibrous connective tissue stroma, which may contain inflammatory cells. IHC confirmed the endothelial lining of the cystic cavities and was crucial in excluding differential diagnoses. Thus, factor VIII-related antigen was used as a marker for normal and neoplastic cells, as well as for tumoral and reactive neovascularization, in which neoplastic cells were immuno-expressed for CD31 and Factor VIII. In domestic animals, the association between CD31 and Factor VIII is considered more specific for vascular endothelial cells, differentiating them from cells of lymphatic origin. Congenital cutaneous hemangioma occurs in sheep, and its diagnosis and differentiation can be based on histopathology associated with conventional immunohistochemical panels for vascular neoformation.
Assuntos
Animais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Ovinos , Hemangioma/veterinária , Neoplasias da Orelha/veterinária , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Animais Recém-NascidosRESUMO
Macrocyclic lactones are widely used as endectocides in farm animals. Intoxications occur in situations of overdose and/or malnutrition, in young animals, and in genetically sensitive breeds. We describe the intoxication by doramectin in malnourished 15-month-old cattle that received 1.6 times the recommended dose. The animals presented salivation, ataxia, motor incoordination, reluctance to move, and sternal recumbency. Two animals recovered spontaneously; one died and was necropsied. No gross or microscopic changes were observed. This study suggests that doramectin may cause intoxication when administered to malnourished cattle in doses higher than those recommended and that knowing the history is essential to establish a diagnosis.
As lactonas macrocíciclas são amplamente utilizadas como endectocidas em animais de produção. Casos de intoxicação ocorrem em situações de sobredosagem e/ou desnutrição, em animais jovens ou em raças geneticamente suscetíveis. Descreve-se a intoxicação por doramectina em bovinos desnutridos, com 15 meses de idade, que receberam uma dose 1,6 vezes maior que a dose recomendada. Os animais apresentaram salivação, ataxia, incoordenação motora, relutância em se movimentar e decúbito esternal. Dois animais se recuperaram espontaneamente; um morreu e foi necropsiado. Não foram observadas alterações macro e microscópicas. Esse relato sugere que a doramectina pode causar intoxicação em bovinos desnutridos quando administrada em doses maiores que as recomendadas e que o histórico é fundamental para estabelecer o diagnóstico.
Assuntos
Animais , Bovinos , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/veterinária , Overdose de Drogas/veterinária , Anti-Helmínticos/intoxicação , Antiparasitários/intoxicação , Bovinos , Desnutrição/veterináriaRESUMO
The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called white heifer disease, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.
A ausência completa de um dos cornos uterinos, denominada aplasia uterina segmentar ou útero unicorno, ocorre por deficiência no desenvolvimento de segmentos dos ductos paramesonéfricos ou Mullerianos. É uma anomalia congênita ou hereditária do trato reprodutor da fêmea causada por genes recessivos, é incomum a ocorrência. Em vacas, essa malforma-ção foi denominada inicialmente como white heifers desease ou doenças das novilhas brancas, é uma alteração dos ductos Mullerianos em associação com o gene da pele branca que provoca aplasia de útero, colo uterino e vagina. Foi recebido duas peças de sistema reprodutor de ovelhas provenientes de abatedouro frigorífico sob inspeção federal no estado da Bahia, Brasil para diagnóstico patológico. Procedeu-se a coleta, dissecação e análise macroscópica. Na avaliação macroscópica, identificou--se nos dois casos aplasia segmentar uterina, com ausência completa dos cornos uterinos esquerdo. Ambos apresentavam age-nesia das tubas uterinas associada a ausência de bifurcação interna dos cornos uterinos. Animais que possuem um útero uni-corno frequentemente possuem redução da fertilidade e consequentemente podem causar perdas à ovinocultura brasileira.