RESUMO
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
RESUMO
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fi brocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, fi ndings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fi brocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and fi ve females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fi la brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelograp
RESUMO
Background: Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy is a syndrome of spinal cord infarction caused by fibrocartilaginous emboli identical to the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk. The signals were acute and not progressive, asymmetric in 92% and neuroanatomic regions were affected C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) and L4-S3 (n = 5). The diagnosis was based on history, findings on physical and neurological examination and exclusion of differential diagnosis. The aim of this study was to report twelve dogs treated at Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) with a presumptive diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism. Cases: Seven males and five females dogs were referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria: three rottweiler dogs, two labradors retrievers, one fila brasileiro, one chow-chow, one boxer, one schnauzer, one German shepherd, one mixed breed and one greyhound, aged between one year and three months and eleven. In all cases, the owners reported during the anamnesis partial or complete loss of movement of member(s) involved(s) acutely with no history of trauma. For anatomical localization of the lesion was performed neurological examination. As complementary exams were requested blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine. Contrast radiography (myelography) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were performed only in eight dogs. Front of the historical, clinical findings, neurological and complementary exams the presumptive diagnosis was fibrocartilaginous embolism. The dogs were subjected to passive physical therapy and showed satisfactory clinical improvement in the first month after onset of clinical signs. Discussion: The myelopathy fibrocartilaginous embolism is commonly reported in dogs of large and giant breed. In this study, 92% were of large breeds. The mean age of onset of clinical signs in this study was 4.5 years, and male dogs, the most affected, result similar to that found in other studies. Neurological signs vary depending on the location and severity of ischemic lesions of the spinal cord and asymmetric signals in 55% to 61% of the dogs. Of the twelve dogs of this study, signals were asymmetric and eleven of them were affected neuroanatomic regions C6-T2 (n = 2), L3-T3 (n = 5) L4-S3 (n = 5). In other studies, the most affected areas were T3-L3 and L4-S3. Intensive physical activity seems to be involved in about half the cases of embolism few hours. Except for two dogs of breed rottweiler and SRD in this study, all had a history of physical activity at the onset of clinical signs. There were no changes in blood count, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, and radiography of the spine in the twelve dogs. With the exception of four dogs, the other underwent contrast radiography (myelography) and cerebrospinal fluid analysis and only in German Shepherd and Labrador was observed intramedullary compression standard to myelography and mild lymphocytic pleocytosis and increased protein in the CSF, respectively. Diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolism cases in this study was based on history, findings on physical and neurological examination, exclusion of differential diagnosis by laboratory tests and clinical evolution. In ten dogs of this study, was performed only physical therapy and nine of them were observed clinical signs of recovery between one and five weeks. The study brings to clinical relevance, the importance of fibrocartilaginous embolism in the differential diagnosis of dogs with a history of acute loss of limb movements, with or without asymmetry, non-progressive, no pain on palpation of the spine. This may be favorable prognosis in patients with signs of recovery during the first month.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Embolia/veterinária , Fibrocartilagem/anormalidades , CãesRESUMO
Introdução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave está associado a uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada e é cada vez mais comum na clínica de pequenos animais. O tratamento de TCE depende da localização e do grau da lesão, podendo ser classificado em clínico e cirúrgico. Portanto, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de TCE em uma cadela com aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC) refratária ao tratamento clínico.Caso: Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria uma cadela Maltez de um ano de idade, com histórico de TCE há aproximadamente oito horas, com relato de piora no quadro clínico nas primeiras seis horas, identificada por incapacidade de caminhar e não reconhecimento dos proprietários e do ambiente. Durante o exame neurológico foi observado que o animal apresentava delírios e incapacidade de ficar em estação. Na escala de coma Glasgow modificada foi classificada como moderada. A terapia emergencial incluiu Manitol 20% (1,0 g/kg/IV administrado lentamente) associado à furosemida (2,0 mg/kg/IV) a cada seis horas, elevação da cabeça 30 em relação ao corpo e a manutenção da sedação com propofol (2,0mg/kg/IV) em bolus. Após a estabilização do paciente foi realizado exame radiográfico de crânio e diagnosticado fratura bilateral dos ossos temporal e parietal. A cadela permaneceu sedada durante 24 horas apresentando piora do quadr
RESUMO
Introdução: Estado epiléptico é definido como repetidas crises convulsivas ou uma crise convulsiva com duração superior a cinco minutos. O estado epilético resulta em hipóxia devido baixa oxigenação ocasionada por contrações musculares rápidas, ocasionando edema cerebral. Portanto, esta afecção é caracterizada como uma emergência médica, que requer um tratamento imediato para prevenir morbidades neurológicas graves ou até mesmo óbito. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de estado epiléptico refratário ao uso de benzodiazepínico em uma cadela.Caso: Foi encaminhada ao setor de neurologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) uma cadela da raça Collie, de seis meses de idade, apresentando crises convulsivas recorrentes há cinco horas. A paciente apresentava histórico de crises convulsivas há 20 dias, que se tornaram mais frequentes quatro dias anterior ao atendimento médico. A paciente apresentava histórico familiar de diagnóstico de epilepsia idiopática. Durante o exame clínico foi observado crise convulsiva generalizada do tipo tônica-clônica. A terapia inicial adotada foi a administração de três aplicações de diazepam, na dose de 0,5mg/kg pela via intravenosa (IV) num intervalo de tempo de dois minutos entre elas, porém a paciente voltava a apresentar as crises convulsivas pós este período. Em seguida, optou-se pela administração de infusão contínua com diazepam
RESUMO
Introdução: Estado epiléptico é definido como repetidas crises convulsivas ou uma crise convulsiva com duração superior a cinco minutos. O estado epilético resulta em hipóxia devido baixa oxigenação ocasionada por contrações musculares rápidas, ocasionando edema cerebral. Portanto, esta afecção é caracterizada como uma emergência médica, que requer um tratamento imediato para prevenir morbidades neurológicas graves ou até mesmo óbito. O objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de estado epiléptico refratário ao uso de benzodiazepínico em uma cadela.Caso: Foi encaminhada ao setor de neurologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) uma cadela da raça Collie, de seis meses de idade, apresentando crises convulsivas recorrentes há cinco horas. A paciente apresentava histórico de crises convulsivas há 20 dias, que se tornaram mais frequentes quatro dias anterior ao atendimento médico. A paciente apresentava histórico familiar de diagnóstico de epilepsia idiopática. Durante o exame clínico foi observado crise convulsiva generalizada do tipo tônica-clônica. A terapia inicial adotada foi a administração de três aplicações de diazepam, na dose de 0,5mg/kg pela via intravenosa (IV) num intervalo de tempo de dois minutos entre elas, porém a paciente voltava a apresentar as crises convulsivas pós este período. Em seguida, optou-se pela administração de infusão contínua com diazepam
RESUMO
Introdução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) grave está associado a uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada e é cada vez mais comum na clínica de pequenos animais. O tratamento de TCE depende da localização e do grau da lesão, podendo ser classificado em clínico e cirúrgico. Portanto, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de TCE em uma cadela com aumento da pressão intracraniana (PIC) refratária ao tratamento clínico.Caso: Foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria uma cadela Maltez de um ano de idade, com histórico de TCE há aproximadamente oito horas, com relato de piora no quadro clínico nas primeiras seis horas, identificada por incapacidade de caminhar e não reconhecimento dos proprietários e do ambiente. Durante o exame neurológico foi observado que o animal apresentava delírios e incapacidade de ficar em estação. Na escala de coma Glasgow modificada foi classificada como moderada. A terapia emergencial incluiu Manitol 20% (1,0 g/kg/IV administrado lentamente) associado à furosemida (2,0 mg/kg/IV) a cada seis horas, elevação da cabeça 30 em relação ao corpo e a manutenção da sedação com propofol (2,0mg/kg/IV) em bolus. Após a estabilização do paciente foi realizado exame radiográfico de crânio e diagnosticado fratura bilateral dos ossos temporal e parietal. A cadela permaneceu sedada durante 24 horas apresentando piora do quadr