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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) from soybean oil in diets with different levels of rumen degradable protein (RDP) on bio-hydrogenation extent, and fatty acid (FA) profile intake, omasal digesta, rumen bacteria, and milk fat. Eight Holstein lactating cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two CSFA levels (0 or 33.2 g/kg DM of CSFA) and two RDP levels (98.0 or 110 g/kg DM). There was RDP and CSFA interaction effect on the omasal flow of total FA and some specific FA. Only in -CSFA diets, the higher RDP level increased omasal flow of total FA. Dietary RDP levels did not affect the FA profile of bacteria and milk fat. Feeding CSFA reduced or tended to reduce the bacterial proportion of C15:0, C16:0, C16:1, C17:0, and C18:0 FA and decreased the concentrations of short- and medium-chain FA (<18C) and increased the concentrations of unsaturated and long-chain FA (≥18C) in milk fat. Feeding CSFA of soybean oil increases the intake and omasal flow of FA and augments unsaturated FA content in bacteria pellets and milk fat.
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Ácidos Graxos , Lactação , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Leite/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sais/metabolismo , Óleo de Soja , Rúmen/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Bactérias , DigestãoRESUMO
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of growing stage (GS) on morphological and chemical composition of whole-plant soybean (WPS), and fermentative profile and chemical composition of whole-plant soybean silage (SS). This study was divided into two trials conducted in a complete randomised block design. The first trial evaluated the effect of GS from R1 to R8 (59-135 d after sowing) on morphological and chemical composition of WPS and its botanical components. The second trial determined the effects of GS from R3 (71 d after sowing) to R7 (124 d after sowing) on dry matter (DM) losses, fermentative profile, chemical composition and aerobic stability of SS. The proportion of leaves in WPS was reduced, while stem and pod proportions were increased as the GS progressed. Ensiling WPS at R6 and R7 decreased the contents of acetic acid, lactic acid and branched-chain fatty acids, and ethanol, and increased the contents of propionic acid and NH3-N. However, silage butyric acid concentrations in R6 and R7 were relatively high (18.1 and 19.9 g/kg DM, respectively). Butyric acid and buffering capacity varied according to GS with the lowest values observed in silages derived from GS R3, R5 and R7, and the highest values observed in silages made from GS R5. Later GS resulted in greater contents of DM, crude protein and ether extract, and lower contents of acid detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrate in SS. The high fat of SS produced from later GS limits high inclusion levels in ruminant diets. Morphological components impacted chemical composition of SS, whereas the R7 stage improved fermentative profile and resulted in an SS with greater in situ degradability of DM and neutral detergent fibre.
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Glycine max , Silagem , Animais , Bovinos , Ração Animal/análise , Butiratos , Detergentes , Dieta/veterinária , Fermentação , Nutrientes , Silagem/análise , Zea mays/químicaRESUMO
Ascidians are marine invertebrates that synthesize sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) within their viscera. Ascidian GAGs are considered analogues of mammalian GAGs and possess great potential as bioactive compounds, presenting antitumoral and anticoagulant activity. Due to its worldwide occurrence and, therefore, being a suitable organism for large-scale mariculture in many marine environments, our main objectives are to study Microcosmus exasperatus GAGs regarding composition, structure, and biological activity. We also aim to develop efficient protocols for sulfated polysaccharides extraction and purification for large-scale production and clinical applications. GAGs derived from M. exasperatus viscera were extracted by proteolytic digestion, purified by ion-exchange liquid chromatography, and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis and enzymatic treatments. Anticoagulant activity was evaluated by APTT assays. Antitumoral activity was assessed in an in vitro model of tumor cell culture using MTT, clonogenic, and wound healing assays, respectively. Our results show that M. exasperatus presents three distinct polysaccharides; among them, two were identified: a dermatan sulfate and a fucosylated dermatan sulfate. Antitumoral activity was confirmed for the total polysaccharides (TP). While short-term incubation does not affect tumor cell viability at low concentrations, long-term TP incubation decreases LLC tumor cell growth/proliferation at different concentrations. In addition, TP decreased tumor cell migration at different concentrations. In conclusion, we state that M. exasperatus presents great potential as an alternative GAG source, producing compounds with antitumoral properties at low concentrations that do not possess anticoagulant activity and do not enhance other aspects of malignancy, such as tumor cell migration. Our perspectives are to apply these molecules in future preclinical studies for cancer treatment as antitumoral agents to be combined with current treatments to potentiate therapeutic efficacy.
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BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 min of moderate or vigorous activity (MVPA) per week for health benefits. However, meeting WHO guidelines for physical activity has been shown to be a great challenge for general populations and it may be even more difficult for undergraduate students due to elevated academic demand, thus negatively affecting general health status. Thus, this study investigated whether undergraduate students meeting WHO guidelines for physical activity show greater scores for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life than their counterparts not meeting guideline recommendations. Additionally, symptoms of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life among academic areas were compared. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants were recruited through messaging apps or institutional e-mail. The participants filled out an online consent form, questionnaires to assess demographic and academic characteristics, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Beck depression and anxiety inventory, and the short-form 36-item health survey questionnaire. The participants were classified as physically active (MVPA > 150 min/week) or inactive (MVPA < 150 min/week) according to WHO Guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 371 individuals were included in the analysis. Physically inactive students demonstrated higher scores of depression (17.96 vs. 14.62; 95% CI: -5.81 to -0.86; p = 0.0083) than physically active ones. SF-36 analyses revealed that physically inactive students had lower values in mental (45.68 vs. 52.77; 95% CI: 2.10 to 12.06; p = 0.0054) and physical (59.37 vs. 67.14; 95% CI: 3.24 to 12.30; p = 0.0015) domains compared with physically active ones. As for SF-36 subscales, physically inactive students showed lower scores in function capacity (70.45 vs. 79.70; 95% CI: 4.27 to 14.49; p = 0.0003), mental health (45.57 vs. 55.60; 95% CI: 5.28 to 14.76; p < 0.0001), social aspects (48.91 vs. 57.69; 95%CI: 3.47 to 14.08; p = 0.0012), vitality (42.19 vs. 50.61; 95% CI: 3.47 to 13.35; p = 0.0009), pain (61.85 vs. 68.00; 95% CI: 1.27 to 11.02; p = 0.0135), and general health status (53.82 vs. 63.81; 95% CI: 5.21 to 14.75; p < 0.0001) than their physically active peers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that undergraduate students who do not meet WHO guidelines for physical activity display higher scores of anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life in comparison with their counterparts meeting physical activity guidelines. Collectively, these data suggest the need for academic institutions and policy makers to monitor and promote in-campus interventions to encourage physical activity.
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Depressão , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Ansiedade , EstudantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health concern due to its high prevalence and mortality rate. In chronic infection, HCV may induce autoimmune responses through the production of autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies (ANA). METHODS: We assessed the presence of ANA by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells in 89 patients with chronic hepatitis C. We also collected data on epidemiological variables; clinical characteristics; and biochemical, hematological, molecular, and histopathological information from the patients to assess the impact of the presence of ANA in those patients. RESULTS: The prevalence of ANA in the patients was 20.2%, which was significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (2%). However, there was no association of this marker with epidemiological, clinical-laboratory, molecular or histopathological characteristics of hepatitis C, although a slightly higher prevalence of ANA was detected in women and in patients infected with subgenotype 1a. In a specific analysis, chronic HCV patients with the "rods and rings" cytoplasmic pattern had higher degrees of hepatic fibrosis than did ANA-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm a greater predisposition to the presence of ANA in patients with HCV, which may be associated with a worse prognosis, especially in the presence of the "rods and rings" cytoplasmic pattern.
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Hepatite C Crônica , Hepatite C , Anticorpos Antinucleares , Autoanticorpos , Feminino , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C Crônica/epidemiologia , Humanos , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To describe the type of milk used to feed infants seen in private pediatric practices in Brazil. To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding, type of delivery, and history of prematurity. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study that included 4929 infants in the first year of life seen in private pediatric practices in the five geographic regions of Brazil. Mothers provided information about the type of milk used by their infant, the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean), and whether the birth was premature. Results: Breastfeeding was the only source of milk for 56.1% (1546/2755) of infants in the first six months of life and 32.9% (716/2174) in the second. Of the infants who received other types of milk besides breastfeeding, there was a predominance of infant formula in 98.6% and 93.8% of the infants, respectively, in the first and in the second six months of life. Whole cow's milk was used by 0.7% (20/2755) of infants in the first six months and by 4.1% (90/2174) of infants in the second (p < 0.001). In the first six months of life, breastfeeding as the only type of milk was associated with vaginal delivery (OR = 1.79; p < 0.001) and not having a history of prematurity (OR = 2.48; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Breastfeeding was the only milk source for more than half of infants before 180 days of life. Birth by cesarean section and history of prematurity were negatively associated with breastfeeding as the only source of milk used in infant feeding.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in Brazilian infants seen in private pediatric clinics and their relationship with cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, and history of prematurity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 5080 infants under 12 months old with routine visits in private pediatric clinics in Brazil. The mothers answered questions about the type of delivery, type of feeding (breast milk, infant formula, cow milk, mixed feeding), history of prematurity, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Rome IV criteria were used to diagnose FGIDs. RESULTS: The prevalence of infant regurgitation was 10.7% (487/4560); infant colic, 6.1% (131/2162); infant dyschezia, 4.0% (157/3895); functional constipation, 7.6% (341/4506); and functional diarrhea, 0.09% (2/2186). Prematurity was associated ( P < 0.05) with infant regurgitation (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.90), infant colic (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.19, 3.24), infant dyschezia (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.64), and functional constipation (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.02). Prematurity was associated ( P < 0.001) with two or more FGIDs between 21 days and 150 days of age (OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.74, 5.37). CONCLUSION: FGIDs are common in infants seen in the private pediatric practice in Brazil. History of prematurity was associated with infant regurgitation, infant colic, functional dyschezia, and functional constipation.
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Cólica , Doenças do Colo , Refluxo Gastroesofágico , Gastroenteropatias , Doenças do Prematuro , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Criança , Cólica/epidemiologia , Constipação Intestinal/diagnóstico , Constipação Intestinal/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Phenolic compounds (PCs) present in foods are associated with a decreased risk of developing inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to extract and characterize PCs from craft beer powder and evaluate their potential benefits in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PCs were extracted and quantified from pure beer samples. BALB/c mice received either the beer phenolic extract (BPE) or beer powder fortified with phenolic extract (BPFPE) of PCs daily for 20 days by gavage. Colon samples were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice lost more weight, had reduced colon length, and developed more inflammatory changes compared with DSS-induced mice treated with either BPE or BPFPE. In addition, in DSS-induced mice, the densities of CD4- and CD11b-positive cells, apoptotic rates, and activation of NF-κB and p-ERK1/2 MAPK intracellular signaling pathways were higher in those treated with BPE and BPFPE than in those not treated. Pretreatment with the phenolic extract and BPFPE remarkably attenuated DSS-induced colitis. The protective effect of PCs supports further investigation and development of therapies for human IBD.
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Cerveja , Colite , Animais , Colite/induzido quimicamente , Colite/tratamento farmacológico , Colite/metabolismo , Colite/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pós , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/toxicidadeRESUMO
The liver has an essential role in responding to metabolic demands under stress conditions. The organ stores, releases, and recycles metabolism-related substrates. However, it is not clear how the Kallikrein-Kinin System modulates metabolic flexibility shift between energetic sources. AIMS: To analyze the hepatic metabolism in kinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO mice) under fasting conditions. MAIN METHODS: WT and B1KO male mice were allocated in a calorimetric cage for 7 days and 48 h before the euthanasia, half of the animals of both groups were under fasting conditions. Biochemical parameters, ketone bodies (KB), and gene expression involving the liver energetic metabolism genes were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS: Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) modulates the metabolic shift under fasting conditions, reducing the VO2 expenditure. A preference for carbohydrates as an energetic source is suggested, as the B1KO group did not display an increase in KB in the serum. Moreover, the B1KO animals displayed higher serum triglycerides concentration compared to WT fasting mice. Interestingly, the lack of B1R induces the increase expression of enzymes from the glycolysis and lipolysis pathways under the fed. However, under fasting, the enzymatic expression of gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis, and ketogenesis of these pathways does not occur, suggesting an absence of the shift metabolism responsivity, and this condition is modulated by PDK4 under FOXO1 control. SIGNIFICANCE: B1R has an important role in the hepatic glucose metabolism, which in turn influences the energetic metabolism, and in long-term outcomes, such as in the decrease in hepatic glycogen stores and in the enhancement of hepatic metabolism.
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Jejum , Gluconeogênese , Lipogênese , Fígado/metabolismo , Receptor B1 da Bradicinina/fisiologia , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos KnockoutRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the type of milk used to feed infants seen in private pediatric practices in Brazil. To evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding, type of delivery, and history of prematurity. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and observational study that included 4929 infants in the first year of life seen in private pediatric practices in the five geographic regions of Brazil. Mothers provided information about the type of milk used by their infant, the type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean), and whether the birth was premature. RESULTS: Breastfeeding was the only source of milk for 56.1% (1546/2755) of infants in the first six months of life and 32.9% (716/2174) in the second. Of the infants who received other types of milk besides breastfeeding, there was a predominance of infant formula in 98.6% and 93.8% of the infants, respectively, in the first and in the second six months of life. Whole cow's milk was used by 0.7% (20/2755) of infants in the first six months and by 4.1% (90/2174) of infants in the second (p < 0.001). In the first six months of life, breastfeeding as the only type of milk was associated with vaginal delivery (OR = 1.79; p < 0.001) and not having a history of prematurity (OR = 2.48; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding was the only milk source for more than half of infants before 180 days of life. Birth by cesarean section and history of prematurity were negatively associated with breastfeeding as the only source of milk used in infant feeding.
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Aleitamento Materno , Cesárea , Alérgenos , Animais , Bovinos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Fórmulas Infantis , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Recém-Nascido , GravidezRESUMO
Metastatic disease remains the leading cause of death in cancer and understanding the mechanisms involved in tumor progression continues to be challenging. This work investigates the role of manganese in tumor progression in an in vivo model of tumor growth. Our data revealed that manganese accumulates within primary tumors and secondary organs as manganese-rich niches. Consequences of such phenomenon were investigated, and we verified that short-term changes in manganese alter cell surface molecules syndecan-1 and ß1-integrin, enhance collective cell migration and invasive behavior. Long-term increased levels of manganese do not affect cell growth and viability but enhance cell migration. We also observed that manganese is secreted from tumor cells in extracellular vesicles, rather than in soluble form. Finally, we describe exogenous glycosaminoglycans that counteract manganese effects on tumor cell behavior. In conclusion, our analyses describe manganese as a central element in tumor progression by accumulating in Mn-rich niches in vivo, as well as in vitro, affecting migration and extracellular vesicle secretion in vitro. Manganese accumulation in specific regions of the organism may not be a common ground for all cancers, nevertheless, it represents a new aspect of tumor progression that deserves special attention.
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Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/patologia , Movimento Celular , Manganês/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Invasividade Neoplásica , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Anemia is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is a process related to erythropoietin deficiency, shortened erythrocyte survival, uremic erythropoiesis inhibitors, and disordered iron homeostasis. Animal models of CKD-induced anemia are missing and would be desirable in order to study anemia mechanisms and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic tools. We induced three different models of CKD in mice and evaluated the development of anemia characteristics. Mice were subjected to unilateral ischemia-reperfusion or received repeated low doses of cisplatin or folic acid to induce nephropathy. Renal function, kidney injury and fibrotic markers were measured to confirm CKD. Moreover, serum hemoglobin, ferritin and erythropoietin were analyzed. Renal mRNA levels of HIF-2α, erythropoietin, hepcidin, GATA-2, and GATA-2 target genes were also determined. All three CKD models presented increased levels of creatinine, urea, and proteinuria. Renal up-regulation of NGAL, KIM-1, and TNF-α mRNA levels was observed. Moreover, the three CKD models developed fibrosis and presented increased fibrotic markers and α-SMA protein levels. CKD induced decreased hemoglobin and ferritin levels and increased erythropoietin levels in the serum. Renal tissue showed decreased erythropoietin and HIF-2α mRNA levels, while an increase in the iron metabolism regulator hepcidin was observed. GATA-2 transcription factor (erythropoietin repressor) mRNA levels were increased in all CKD models, as well as its target genes. We established three models of CKD-induced anemia, regardless of the mechanism and severity of kidney injury.
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Using a rat model of peritonitis, we herein report the inflammatory effect induced by the lectin isolated from Vatairea guianensis (VGL) seeds in the context of interactions between VGL and both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). Peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with VGL for dose-dependent gene expression and release of TNF-α. In vivo results showed that VGL (1 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) induced peritonitis in female Wistar rats. Leukocyte migration, macrophage activation, and protein leakage were measured 3 and 6 hours after induction. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with VGL for gene expression and TNF-α dosage (mean ± SEM (n = 6), analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's test (P < .05)). In silico, VGL structure was applied in molecular docking with representative glycans. It was found that (a) VGL increases vascular permeability and stimulates leukocyte migration, both rolling and adhesion; (b) lectin-induced neutrophil migration occurs via macrophage stimulation, both in vitro and in vivo; (c) lectin interacts with TLR4 and TNFR1; and (d) stimulates TNF-α gene expression (RT-PCR) and release from peritoneal macrophages. Thus, upon lectin-glycan binding on the cell surface, our results suggest that VGL induces an acute inflammatory response, in turn activating the release of peritoneal macrophages via TNF-α and TLR and/or TNFR receptor pathways.
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Fabaceae/química , Glicoconjugados/metabolismo , Macrófagos Peritoneais/efeitos dos fármacos , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoconjugados/química , Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneais/metabolismo , Peritonite/induzido quimicamente , Peritonite/metabolismo , Peritonite/patologia , Lectinas de Plantas/química , Lectinas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/química , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Constipation is a frequent problem in children. We evaluated the effect of a mixture (polydextrose [PDX] and fructooligosaccharide [FOS]) in children with constipation. We performed a prospective interventional study with a mixture (PDX 4.17 g and FOS 0.45 g) in a daily dose of food supplement. The intervention lasted 45 days, with visits at 15, 30, and 45 days after administration. The sample comprised 105 patients, of whom 77 completed the intervention. A statistically significant reduction in the frequency of symptoms was observed at the end of the study. The frequency of children with fewer than three bowel movements per week dropped from 59.7% to 11.7%, and there was a decrease in the frequency of Bristol type 1 and 2 dry stools (68.8% to 7.8%), pain on defecation (79.2% to 10.4%), and fear of defecation (68.8% to 3.9%). The proportion of children with abdominal pain symptoms decreased from 84.2% to 2.6% at the end of the study. A relevant limitation of the present study was the lack of a control group treated with placebo. The administration of the PDX/FOS mixture was accompanied by a significant reduction in the frequency of constipation symptoms of the children evaluated. The tolerability was very good, and the rate of adverse effects was low.
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Constipação Intestinal/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glucanos/uso terapêutico , Oligossacarídeos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fibras na Dieta/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Glucanos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Oligossacarídeos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
RESUMO Há muitos estudos voltados à redução do volume de resíduos provenientes da indústria pesqueira. Esses resíduos são uma importante fonte de matéria-prima em sistemas orgânicos de produção ao serem compostados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros teores totais de nutrientes do composto orgânico confeccionado com resíduos de pescado, comparando-o a outras duas composições, além de utilizá-lo como substrato na produção de mudas de alface (Lactuca sativa). Na avaliação de produção de mudas de alface, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: quantidade de folhas (QF), comprimento da raiz (CR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) e massa seca da raiz (MSR). Os parâmetros de matéria orgânica (MO), relação C/N e capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) foram superiores no composto de resíduo de pescado. Para a produção de MSPA, os tratamentos T3 (composto confeccionado com resíduos de pescado) e T2 (composto confeccionado com resíduos agroindustriais da palmeira carnaúba) apresentaram as maiores médias, sendo T2 o que apresentou a maior média para MSR. Para QF, os melhores resultados (p = 0,02) foram obtidos pelo tratamento T6, cujas mudas de alface apresentaram maior QF e CR. Os resultados sugerem viabilidade na produção de mudas de alface utilizando substrato à base de resíduos de pescado.
ABSTRACT There are many studies aimed at reducing the volume of waste from the fishing industry. These residues are an important source of raw material in organic production systems when composted. The objective of this work was to evaluate the parameters of total nutrient contents of the organic compost made with fish residues, comparing it to two other compositions, in addition to using it as substrate in the production of lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa). In the evaluation of lettuce seedlings production, a completely randomized design was used, with six treatments and four replications. The following were evaluated: Leaf quantity (QF), root length (CR), Aerial part dry mass (MSPA), and root dry mass (MSR). The parameters of organic matter (OM), C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CTC) were higher in the fish residue compound. For the production of MSPA, treatments T3 (compound made with fish residues) and T2 presented the highest averages, being treatment T2 (compound made with agroindustrial residues of the Carnauba palm) presented the highest averages, with T2 presenting the highest mean for MSR. For QF, the best results (p = 0.02) were obtained by T6 treatment, whose lettuce seedlings had a greater number of leaves and root length. The results suggest viability in the production of lettuce seedlings using a substrate based on fish residues.
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ABSTRACT Background: Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) avoids inaccuracies associated with the estimation of urea volume distribution (V). The study aimed to compare Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II, and Kt/BSA according to sex and age. Methods: Urea volume distribution and body surface area were obtained by Watson and Haycock formulas in 47 patients. V/BSA was considered as a conversion factor from Kt/V to Kt/BSA. Dry weight was determined before the study. Kt/VOL was obtained on DIALOG machines. Results: Pearson correlation between Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII and Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA was significant for males (r = 0.446, P = 0.012 and r = -0.476 P = 0.007) and individuals < 65 years (0.457, P = 0.019 and -0.549 P = 0.004), but not for females and individuals ≥ 65 years. V/BSA between individuals < 65 and individuals ≥ 65 years were 18.28 ± 0.15 and 18.18 ± 0.16 P = 0.000). No agreement between Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Men and individuals > 65 years received a larger dialysis dose than, respectively, females and individuals < 65 years, in the comparison between Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. V/BSA ratios among men and women were respectively 18.29 ± 0.13 and 18.12 ± 0.15 P = 0.000. Conclusions: Kt/VOL allows recognition of real-time dose regardless of sex and age.
RESUMO Introdução: O Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) evita imprecisões associadas à estimativa da distribuição do volume de uréia (V). O estudo teve como objetivo comparar Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II e Kt/BSA de acordo com sexo e idade. Métodos: A distribuição do volume de uréia e área de superfície corporal foram obtidas pelas fórmulas de Watson e Haycock em 47 pacientes. V/BSA foi considerado um fator de conversão de Kt/V para Kt/BSA. O peso seco foi determinado antes do estudo. Kt/VOL foi obtido através de máquinas DIALOG. Resultados: A correlação de Pearson entre Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII e Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA foi significativa para os homens (r = 0,446, P = 0,012 e r = -0,476 P = 0,007) e indivíduos < 65 anos (0,457, P = 0,019 e -0,549 P = 0,004), mas não para mulheres e indivíduos ≥ 65 anos. A V/BSA entre indivíduos <65 e indivíduos ≥ 65 anos foi 18,28 ± 0,15 e 18,18 ± 0,16 P = 0,000). Sem concordância entre Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Homens e indivíduos > 65 anos receberam maior dose de diálise do que, mulheres e indivíduos <65 anos, respectivamente, na comparação entre Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. As razões V/BSA entre homens e mulheres foram, respectivamente, 18,29 ± 0,13 e 18,12 ± 0,15 P = 0,000. Conclusões: Kt/VOL permite o reconhecimento da dose em tempo real, independentemente do sexo e idade.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Soluções para Diálise , Diálise Renal , UreiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Kt/V OnLine (Kt/VOL) avoids inaccuracies associated with the estimation of urea volume distribution (V). The study aimed to compare Kt/VOL, Kt/V Daugirdas II, and Kt/BSA according to sex and age. METHODS: Urea volume distribution and body surface area were obtained by Watson and Haycock formulas in 47 patients. V/BSA was considered as a conversion factor from Kt/V to Kt/BSA. Dry weight was determined before the study. Kt/VOL was obtained on DIALOG machines. RESULTS: Pearson correlation between Kt/VOL vs Kt/VII and Kt/VOL vs Kt/BSA was significant for males (r = 0.446, P = 0.012 and r = -0.476 P = 0.007) and individuals < 65 years (0.457, P = 0.019 and -0.549 P = 0.004), but not for females and individuals ≥ 65 years. V/BSA between individuals < 65 and individuals ≥ 65 years were 18.28 ± 0.15 and 18.18 ± 0.16 P = 0.000). No agreement between Kt/VII vs Kt/BSA. Men and individuals > 65 years received a larger dialysis dose than, respectively, females and individuals < 65 years, in the comparison between Kt/VOL versus Kt/VII. V/BSA ratios among men and women were respectively 18.29 ± 0.13 and 18.12 ± 0.15 P = 0.000. CONCLUSIONS: Kt/VOL allows recognition of real-time dose regardless of sex and age.
Assuntos
Soluções para Diálise , Diálise Renal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , UreiaRESUMO
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, nephrotoxicity has been reported in about one-third of patients undergoing cisplatin therapy. Proximal tubules are the main target of cisplatin toxicity and cellular uptake; elimination of this drug can modulate renal damage. Organic transporters play an important role in the transport of cisplatin into the kidney and organic cations transporter 2 (OCT-2) has been shown to be one of the most important transporters to play this role. On the other hand, multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE-1) transporter is the main protein that mediates the extrusion of cisplatin into the urine. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity has been shown to be enhanced by increased OCT-2 and/or reduced MATE-1 activity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) is the transcription factor which controls lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis; it is highly expressed in the kidneys and interacts with both MATE-1 and OCT-2. Considering the above, we treated wild-type and PPAR-α knockout mice with cisplatin in order to evaluate the severity of nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin induced renal dysfunction, renal inflammation, apoptosis and tubular injury in wild-type mice, whereas PPAR-α deletion protected against these alterations. Moreover, we observed that cisplatin induced down-regulation of organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2 and that PPAR-α deletion restored the expression of these transporters. In addition, PPAR-α knockout mice at basal state showed increased MATE-1 expression and reduced OCT-2 levels. Here, we show for the first time that PPAR-α deletion protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity and that this protection is via modulation of the organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions Orgânicos/metabolismo , Transportador 2 de Cátion Orgânico/metabolismo , PPAR alfa/genética , Insuficiência Renal/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Renal/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Regulação para Baixo/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Proteínas de Transporte de Cátions Orgânicos/genética , Transportador 2 de Cátion Orgânico/genética , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Liver fibrosis is a result of continuous damage to the liver combined with accumulation of the extracellular matrix and is characteristic of most chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS: This study evaluated interleukin 10 (IL10) expression in the liver and plasma of 45 HCV patients and its association with the pathogenesis and progression of liver fibrosis. The expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFB1) was also assessed. Patients were divided into three groups according to the METAVIR classification (F0-F1, F2 and F3-F4); there was also a control group (n = 8). RESULTS: In the control group, high intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression showed a positive association with F0-F1 fibrosis, no inflammation, low concentrations of liver enzymes and a high viral load; conversely, low intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression showed a negative association with fibrosis progression. Intrahepatic TGFB1 mRNA expression was greater in the HCV group than in the control group, and regarding different disease phases, its expression increased as fibrosis evolved to more severe forms. CONCLUSION: Intrahepatic IL10 mRNA expression decreases with persistent fibrosis, probably due to the production of TGF-ß1, a potent antimitotic and fibrogenic cytokine. IL10 restricts and decreases the immune response and limits the fibrogenic response; however, a decrease in IL10 favors persistent inflammatory infiltrate, resulting in severe fibrosis.