RESUMO
Pseudoplatystoma punctifer is an Amazonian catfish highly appreciated for its high flesh quality, size, and commercial value. Its aquaculture is pursued to satisfy the demands of an increasing population in the region. However, knowledge of the nutritional needs during the early life stages is necessary for improving growth and reducing the incidence of cannibalism, factors that limit the success of its commercial farming. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of four diets containing different protein and lipid levels (30:15, 30:10, 45:15, or 45:10 in %) in the digestive physiology and performance of early juveniles. The results showed that the dietary protein:lipid as well as carbohydrate levels and ratios influenced differently the whole-body proximate composition, the digestive physiology and development, and hence growth and survival. The 45:15 diet promoted the best growth, survival, and the most rapid development of the digestive system, as shown at histological (higher number of hepatocytes, goblet cells in the anterior intestine and enterocytes in all intestinal portions, and longer folds in the posterior intestine), molecular (highest amylase, lipoprotein lipase, phospholipase, trypsinogen, and pepsinogen gene expression), and biochemical (highest lipase and pepsin activities and higher alkaline phosphatase:leucine alanine peptidase activity ratio) levels. Lipids were favored over carbohydrates as source of energy, with lipids promoting a protein-sparing effect at adequate energy:protein ratio. Carbohydrate content higher than 25% was excessive for this species, leading to unbalanced lipid metabolism and fat deposition in the liver.
RESUMO
This article investigates whether COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on herding behaviour in Europe. Using a sample from the stock exchanges of France (Paris), Germany (Frankfurt), Italy (Milan), United Kingdom (London) and Spain (Madrid), over the period from January 03, 2000 to June 19, 2020, we found robust evidence that COVID-19 pandemic increased herding behaviour in the capital markets of Europe.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, entre agosto de 1994 y mayo de 1995, en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, con el objetivo de evaluar las características clínicas, demográficas, evolutivas y diagnóstico endoscópico de pacientes con hemorragia digestiva. Ingresaron 100 pacientes, 86 correspondieron a hemorragia digestiva alta y 14 a hemorragia baja. En el primer grupo la edad media fue de 45.24 años (rango de 10 a 93), con una relación masculino/femenino de 3.5 a 1. Se presentó melena y hematemesis en 56.9 por ciento y sólo melena en 26.7 por ciento. Un 46.5 por ciento de los pacientes acudieron con historia de días de sangrado (2.07 días), con un rango de 1 a 8 días. El antecedente de consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos en las 48 horas previas a la hemorragia estuvo presente en 19:7 por ciento y un porcentaje similar había consumido bebidas alcohólicas en dichoperíodo. Un 36 por ciento tenía antecedente de hemorragia digestiva previa. Las causas más frecuentes de hemorragia digestiva alta fueron úlcera duodenal en 38.3 por ciento , lesiones agudas de mucosa gástrica (gastritis erosiva) en 20.9 por ciento, úlceragástrica en 11.6 por ciento, várices esofágicas en 5.8 por ciento, síndrome de Mallory Weiss en 4.6por ciento.adenocarcinoma gástrico 2.3 por ciento, gastropatía por prolapso 2.3 por ciento, esofagitis 2.3 por ciento, úlceraen esófago 1.1 por ciento, duodenitis 1.1 por ciento y malformación arteriovenosa 1.1 por ciento. No se precisó la causa de la hemorragia en 8 por ciento. La endoscopía permitió determinar la causa delsangrado en 91.7 por ciento y en 66 por ciento de los casos se realizó dentro de las primeras 24 horas del ingreso. En 20.9por ciento coexistieron dos o más lesiones potencialmente sangrantes.9.1por ciento resangraron durante la hospitalización y un 11.6 por ciento de los pacientes fue intervenido quirúrgicamente. Siete pacientes (8.13 por ciento)fueron sometidos a terapia endoscópica: ...
A prospective study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical outcome and to determine the cause of bleeding in patients admitted to the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Between August 1994 and May 1995, 100 patients were admitted , 86 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 14 with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The meanage for the former was 45.25 years and the male/female ratio was 3.5/1 . The main complaints were tarry stools and haematemesis in 56.9 per cent ,and 26.7per cent only with melena. A history of non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs intake within 48 hours before thebleeding episode was obtained in 19.7 per cent and alcohol ingestion was observed in 19.7 per cent. In 36 per cent of the patients a history of a previous episode of bleeding was obtained. The major causes of bleeding were duodenal ulcer in 38.3 per cent, acute lesions of the gastric mucosa in 20.9 per cent, gastric ulcer in 11.6 per cent and esophageal varices in 5.8 per cent, Mallory Weiss syndrome in 4.6 per cent gastric carcinoma in 2.3 per cent, prolapse gastropaty 2.3 per cent, esophagitis in 2.3 per cent, esophageal ulcer 1.1 per cent, duodenitis 1.1 per cent, arteriovenus malformations in 1.1 per cent. The etiology of the hemorrhage could not be established in 8 per cent of cases. The diagnostic rate of endoscopy was 91.7 per cent. In 66 per cent of the patients the endoscopy was carried out within the 24 hours of admission. 20.9 per cent of the patients had other potential bleeding lesions. 9.1 per cent of the patients had anew episode of bleeding during hospitalization and surgery was needed in 11.6 per cent. Injectotheraphy was done in 7 (8.13 per cent) patients (4 for variceal , 2 for duodenal and 1 for gastric bleeding ). The overall mortality was 3.4 per cent. Fourteen patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluated. ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
A prospective study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics, clinical outcome and to determine the cause of bleeding in patients admitted to the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital with the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Between August 1994 and May 1995, 100 patients were admitted, 86 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and 14 with lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The mean age for the former was 45,25 years and the male/female ratio was 3.5/1. The main complaints were tarry stools and haematemesis in 56,9% and 26,7% only with melena. A history of non steroidal antiinflamatory drugs intake within 48 hours before the bleeding episode was obtained in 19,7% and alcohol ingestion was observed in 19,7%. In 36% of the patients a history of a previous episode of bleeding was obtained. The major causes of bleeding were duodenal ulcer in 38,3%, acute lesions of the gastric mucosa in 20,9%, gastric ulcer in 11,6% and esophageal varices in 5,8%, Mallory Weiss syndrome in 4,6%, gastric carcinoma in 2,3%, prolapse gastropaty 2,3%, esophagitis in 2,3%, esophageal ulcer 1,1 %, duodenitis 1,1%, arteriovenus malformations in 1,1%. The etiology of the hemorrhage could not be established in 8% of cases. The diagnostic rate of endoscopy was 91,7%.In 66% of the patients the endoscopy was carried out within the 24 hours of admission 20,9% of the patients had other potential bleeding lesions 9,1% of the patients had a new episode of bleeding during hospitalization and surgery was needed in 11,6%. Injectotheraphy was done in 7 (8,13%) patients (4 for variceal 2 for duodenal and 1 for gastric bleeding ) The overall mortality was 3,4% Fourteen patients with lower gastrointestinal bleeding were evaluated. The mean age was 53,14 years and the male/female ratio was 1.6/1. The main complaint was hematochezia. The major causes of bleeding were hemorrhoidal disease in 64,2% and rectal cancer in 14,28%.