RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are found with increasing the frequency, both in healthy individuals in the community and in hospitalized patients. In Colombia and the Andean region, CA-MRSA isolates have a genetic background that is related to the pandemic USA300 clone. OBJECTIVE: Two molecular methods are designed and standardized for the rapid differentiation of Colombian community-acquired and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two molecular methods were standardized for the identification of CA-MRSA isolates. The first method was based on the differential digestion of the carbamate kinase (arcC)and guanylate kinase (gmk) genes in the sequences type 5 (ST5) in the HA-MRSA isolates and 8 (ST8) in the CA-MRSA isolates. The second method was based on the PCR amplification of 5 specific virulence factors found in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates. The specificity and precision of each method were evaluated using 237 clinical MRSA isolates. RESULTS: The first method identified 100% and 93.2% of the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates, respectively. The second method also correctly identified the two isolates types (CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA). CONCLUSIONS: These two methods are a convenient alternative for the rapid identification of the CA-MRSA isolates, compared with other techniques such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, which are time-consuming and more expensive.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Alelos , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/normas , Colômbia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Genes Bacterianos , Guanilato Quinases/genética , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Fosfotransferases (Aceptor do Grupo Carboxila)/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Introduction. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections are found with increasing the frequency, both in healthy individuals in the community and in hospitalized patients. In Colombia and the Andean region, CA-MRSA isolates have a genetic background that is related to the pandemic USA300 clone. Objective. Two molecular methods are designed and standardized for the rapid differentiation of Colombian community-acquired and hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) isolates. Materials and methods. Two molecular methods were standardized for the identification of CA-MRSA isolates. The first method was based on the differential digestion of the carbamate kinase (arcC)and guanylate kinase (gmk) genes in the sequences type 5 (ST5) in the HA-MRSA isolates and 8 (ST8) in the CA-MRSA isolates. The second method was based on the PCR amplification of 5 specific virulence factors found in CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates. The specificity and precision of each method were evaluated using 237 clinical MRSA isolates. Results. The first method identified 100% and 93.2% of the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates, respectively. The second method also correctly identified the two isolates types (CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA). Conclusions. These two methods are a convenient alternative for the rapid identification of the CA-MRSA isolates, compared with other techniques such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, which are time-consuming and more expensive.
Introducción. Los aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado a la comunidad (SARM-AC), están aumentando la frecuencia de infecciones en personas sanas de la comunidad y en pacientes hospitalizados. En Colombia y en la región andina estos aislamientos tienen un componente genético relacionado con el clon pandémico USA300. Objetivo. Diseñar y estandarizar dos metodologías para la diferenciación rápida de aislamientos colombianos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado a la comunidad de los asociados al hospital (SARM-AH). Materiales y métodos. Se estandarizaron dos metodologías moleculares para la identificación de aislamientos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado a la comunidad. La primera se basa en la digestión diferencial con tres enzimas de restricción de los genes cinasa de carbamato (arcC)y cinasa de guanilato (gmk)para los tipos de secuencia 5 (ST5) y 8 (ST8), correspondientes a aislamientos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado al hospital y asociado a la comunidad, respectivamente. La segunda se basa en la amplificación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de cinco factores de virulencia que se encuentran de manera diferencial en estos aislamientos. Las dos metodologías fueron validadas en 237 aislamientos clínicos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina. Resultados. Con la primera metodología se identificaron el 100 % y 93,2 % de los aislamientos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado a la comunidad y asociado al hospital, respectivamente. Con la segunda metodología se identificaron correctamente los dos tipos de aislamientos. Conclusiones. Estas dos metodologías son una buena alternativa en términos de ahorro en tiempo y dinero comparadas con otras técnicas, como la electroforesis en campo pulsado y la tipificación de secuencias multilocus para la rápida identificación de aislamientos de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina asociado a la comunidad en Colombia.