RESUMO
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proved to be effective against fungi and it may be employed as a coadjutant to conventional antifungal agents, leading to a more effective microbial control minimising side effects. This work evaluates the combined effect of PDT and fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. The yeasts were submitted to methylene blue-PDT (MB-PDT) in sub-inhibitory concentrations. In the present work, MB-PDT combined with fluconazole was more efficient in the inhibition of the C. albicans and C. glabrata than each treatment alone, being possible to infer that the treatments are synergic.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida/efeitos da radiação , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Azul de Metileno/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , LuzRESUMO
Several studies have reported the occurrence of infections caused by Candida yeasts as well as the increasing prevalence of non albicans species. The aim of the present work is focused on the obtaining of heteroresistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole in Candida species using two distinct methodologies: selection and induction. Resistant samples were obtained by selective pressure using a medium with fluconazole for growth, followed by growth in a medium with amphotericin B. The selective pressure was also created beginning with growth in amphotericin B medium followed by growth in fluconazole medium. Concomitantly, samples were submitted to the induction of resistance through cultivation in increasing concentrations of fluconazole, followed by cultivation in increasing concentrations of amphotericin B. Subsequently, the induction began with amphotericin B followed by fluconazole. Three samples resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B were obtained, two by induction (C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one by selection (C. tropicalis). Both C. tropicalis originated from the same wild sample. After successive transfers for drug free medium, only the sample obtained by selection was able to maintain the resistance phenotype. These results suggest that the phenotype of heteroresitance to fluconazole and amphotericin B can be produced by two methodologies: selection and induction.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/análise , Candida , Candidíase , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Farmacorresistência Fúngica Múltipla , Fluconazol/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Leveduras , Amostras de Medicamentos , Métodos , Prevalência , MétodosRESUMO
Several studies have reported the occurrence of infections caused by Candida yeasts as well as the increasing prevalence of non albicans species. The aim of the present work is focused on the obtaining of heteroresistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole in Candida species using two distinct methodologies: selection and induction. Resistant samples were obtained by selective pressure using a medium with fluconazole for growth, followed by growth in a medium with amphotericin B. The selective pressure was also created beginning with growth in amphotericin B medium followed by growth in fluconazole medium. Concomitantly, samples were submitted to the induction of resistance through cultivation in increasing concentrations of fluconazole, followed by cultivation in increasing concentrations of amphotericin B. Subsequently, the induction began with amphotericin B followed by fluconazole. Three samples resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B were obtained, two by induction (C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one by selection (C. tropicalis). Both C. tropicalis originated from the same wild sample. After successive transfers for drug free medium, only the sample obtained by selection was able to maintain the resistance phenotype. These results suggest that the phenotype of heteroresitance to fluconazole and amphotericin B can be produced by two methodologies: selection and induction.
RESUMO
Several studies have reported the occurrence of infections caused by Candida yeasts as well as the increasing prevalence of non albicans species. The aim of the present work is focused on the obtaining of heteroresistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole in Candida species using two distinct methodologies: selection and induction. Resistant samples were obtained by selective pressure using a medium with fluconazole for growth, followed by growth in a medium with amphotericin B. The selective pressure was also created beginning with growth in amphotericin B medium followed by growth in fluconazole medium. Concomitantly, samples were submitted to the induction of resistance through cultivation in increasing concentrations of fluconazole, followed by cultivation in increasing concentrations of amphotericin B. Subsequently, the induction began with amphotericin B followed by fluconazole. Three samples resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B were obtained, two by induction (C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one by selection (C. tropicalis). Both C. tropicalis originated from the same wild sample. After successive transfers for drug free medium, only the sample obtained by selection was able to maintain the resistance phenotype. These results suggest that the phenotype of heteroresitance to fluconazole and amphotericin B can be produced by two methodologies: selection and induction.
RESUMO
Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition that occurs in denture wearers and is frequently associated with Candida yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility profiles have been extensively evaluated for candidiasis patients or immunosupressed individuals, but not for healthy Candida carriers. In the present study, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine and 5-flucytosin were tested against 109 oral Candida spp. isolates. All antifungal agents were effective against the samples tested except for terbinafine. This work might provide epidemiological information about Candida spp. drug susceptibility in oral healthy individuals.
A estomatite protética é uma condição inflamatória que ocorre em usuários de prótese total e está frequentemente associada a leveduras do gênero Candida, Os perfis de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos têm sido extensivamente estudados em pacientes com candidíase ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, mas não em portadores sadios de Candida. No presente estudo, fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol, terbinafina e 5-flucitosina foram testados contra 109 isolados orais de Candida spp. Todos os agentes antifúngicos mostraram-se eficazes contra as amostras avaliadas, exceto a Terbinafina. O presente trabalho pode fornecer dados epidemiológicos com relação à susceptibilidade a antifúngicos de Candida spp em indivíduos com saúde oral.
Assuntos
Humanos , Candidíase Bucal , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Bucal , Prostodontia , Estomatite , Leveduras , Epidemiologia , Métodos , MétodosRESUMO
This study analyzed the correlation between the results obtained through two microdilution methods: Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (M27-A2) and European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) (document E. Dis. 7.1) and an agar base method Etest for determining minimmun inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B and fluconazole against 30 clinical isolates of Candida spp. The agreement between Etest, CLSI and EUCAST MICs within +/- 2 log2 dilutions was higher for amphotericin B than for fluconazole However, Pearson correlation demonstrated a greater agreement for fluconazole. The categorical agreement between MICs provided by the Etest/ CLSI and Etest/EUCAST methodologies was high for both amphotericin B (100%) and fluconazole (> or = 96.66%). This study demonstrated the adequacy of Etest method using Mueller Hinton agar to evaluate amphotericin B and fluconazole susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida spp.
Assuntos
Anfotericina B/farmacologia , Anfotericina B/normas , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/normas , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Fluconazol/farmacologia , Fluconazol/normas , Ágar , Candidíase/microbiologia , Meios de Cultura , Difusão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a known anti-inflammatory therapy. Herein we studied the effect of LLLT on lung permeability and the IL-1beta level in LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. STUDY DESIGN/METHODOLOGY: Rats were divided into 12 groups (n = 7 for each group). Lung permeability was measured by quantifying extravasated albumin concentration in lung homogenate, inflammatory cells influx was determined by myeloperoxidase activity, IL-1beta in BAL was determined by ELISA and IL-1beta mRNA expression in trachea was evaluated by RT-PCR. The rats were irradiated on the skin over the upper bronchus at the site of tracheotomy after LPS. RESULTS: LLLT attenuated lung permeability. In addition, there was reduced neutrophil influx, myeloperoxidase activity and both IL-1beta in BAL and IL-1beta mRNA expression in trachea obtained from animals subjected to LPS-induced inflammation. CONCLUSION: LLLT reduced the lung permeability by a mechanism in which the IL-1beta seems to have an important role.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos da radiação , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Pulmão/efeitos da radiação , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos da radiação , Neutrófilos/efeitos da radiação , Pneumonia/radioterapia , Traqueia/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/imunologia , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Lipopolissacarídeos , Pulmão/irrigação sanguínea , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/imunologia , Masculino , Infiltração de Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/enzimologia , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/imunologia , Pneumonia/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Proteínas/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de Interleucina/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Interleucina/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Traqueia/efeitos dos fármacos , Traqueia/imunologia , TraqueotomiaRESUMO
Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition that occurs in denture wearers and is frequently associated with Candida yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility profiles have been extensively evaluated for candidiasis patients or immunosupressed individuals, but not for healthy Candida carriers. In the present study, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine and 5-flucytosin were tested against 109 oral Candida spp. isolates. All antifungal agents were effective against the samples tested except for terbinafine. This work might provide epidemiological information about Candida spp. drug susceptibility in oral healthy individuals.
RESUMO
Denture stomatitis is an inflammatory condition that occurs in denture wearers and is frequently associated with Candida yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility profiles have been extensively evaluated for candidiasis patients or immunosupressed individuals, but not for healthy Candida carriers. In the present study, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine and 5-flucytosin were tested against 109 oral Candida spp. isolates. All antifungal agents were effective against the samples tested except for terbinafine. This work might provide epidemiological information about Candida spp. drug susceptibility in oral healthy individuals.
A estomatite protética é uma condição inflamatória que ocorre em usuários de prótese total e está frequentemente associada a leveduras do gênero Candida, Os perfis de suscetibilidade a antifúngicos têm sido extensivamente estudados em pacientes com candidíase ou em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, mas não em portadores sadios de Candida. No presente estudo, fluconazol, itraconazol, voriconazol, terbinafina e 5-flucitosina foram testados contra 109 isolados orais de Candida spp. Todos os agentes antifúngicos mostraram-se eficazes contra as amostras avaliadas, exceto a Terbinafina. O presente trabalho pode fornecer dados epidemiológicos com relação à susceptibilidade a antifúngicos de Candida spp em indivíduos com saúde oral.
RESUMO
AIMS: The antifungal activity of amyrin pentacyclic triterpene and 15 synthetic derivatives was evaluated against Candida species. Additionally, inhibition of adhesion of Candida albicans to human epithelial cells in vitro was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Esterification of alpha- and beta-amyrin with a variety of acyl chlorides produced a series of analogue derivatives. These substances were synthesized to evaluate the antifungal properties against Candida species. Among the 15 derivatives, alpha- and beta-amyrin formiate (2) and alpha- and beta-amyrin acetate (3) were the most active, inhibiting all the Candida species tested in concentrations that ranged from 30 to 250 microg ml(-1). alpha- and beta-amyrin formiate inhibited the adhesion ability of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) in 65.3%. CONCLUSIONS: alpha- and beta-amyrin formiate and alpha- and beta-amyrin acetate derivatives exhibited potential antifungal activity against Candida spp. and amyrin formiate showed inhibition of the adhesion ability of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrated that two derivatives of amyrin pentacyclic triterpene exhibited significant antifungal activity against Candida species. Additionally, alpha- and beta-amyrin formiate was as effective as fluconazole in inhibiting the adhesion of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells.