RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of bioenergetic processes in rats under conditions of simultaneous exposure to malathion and carbon tetrachloride and after the use of enterosgel. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Experiments were conducted on rats. The rats were divided into nine groups.Malathion was administered daily (for 30 days) at a dose of 20 mg / kg body weight of the animal. Tetrachloromethane was administered twice (every other day) as a 50% oil solution at a dose of 1.0 ml / kg body weight. The intensity of energy supply processes was assessed by the activity of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, impaired carbohydrate metabolism in terms of glucose and glycogen. RESULTS: Results: It was noted that succinate dehydrogenase activity in the liver decreased 2 times, in the myocardium - 1.6 times. On the thirty and seventh day of administration of toxicants after enterosorbent use, succinate dehydrogenase activity increased in the liver by 20%, cytochrome oxidase by 27%, in the myocardium - by 31% and 23%, respectively. The content of glucose in the serum after exposure to toxicants increased maximally (2.4 times) at the end of the study. In contrast, the glycogen content in the liver decreased by 48%, in the myocardium by 13%. The use of enterosgel resulted in a decrease in serum glucose. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The use of enterosgel leads to the restoration of energy processes in the body of affected rats, which is confirmed by increased activity of mitochondrial enzymes, lowering glucose and increasing glycogen in the studied organs.
Assuntos
Tetracloreto de Carbono , Metabolismo Energético , Fígado , Malation , Succinato Desidrogenase , Animais , Ratos , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Masculino , Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ratos Wistar , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/metabolismo , Glucose/metabolismo , Glicogênio/metabolismo , InseticidasRESUMO
Glutathione (GSH) has been the focus of increased scientific interest in the last decades. It plays a crucial role in all major physiological processes by supplying antioxidant defenses through participating in cellular redox reactions in the human body and other living organisms. GSH also participates in detoxifying xenobiotics, protecting protein thiols from crosslinking and oxidation, regulating the cell cycle, storing cysteine, etc. The significant role of GSH in the most important physiological processes has been highlighted, such as maintaining the redox balance and reducing oxidative stress due to its ability to inactivate the reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. It can also enhance metabolic detoxification and regulate the function of the immune system. All of these characteristics make it a universal biomarker since its proper balance is essential for improving health and treating some age-related disorders. This review presents a current concept of the synthesis and metabolism of GSH; its main functions in a living organism, and as a precursor and cofactor; data on the use of GSH for medicinal purposes in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, as well as a nutritional strategy to maintain a normal pool of GSH in the body. The data were gathered by searching relevant information in multiple databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
RESUMO
The number of cancer patients is growing in all countries. Due to the malignant progression of cancer, inflammatory processes are observed, which are inextricably linked with the response of the immune system. AIM: The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of the cytostatic Vincristine on the background of sorption correction of disorders by the carbon sorbent AUT-M (activated carbon tissue material) in adenocarcinoma of the colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To simulate carcinogenesis, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was administered subcutaneously to 76 rats for 30 weeks at a dose of 7.2 mg / kg body weight. The evolution of adenocarcinoma of the colon in experimental animals was confirmed by histological examination. After simulation of colon cancer, the animals were intragastrically administered entorosorbent at a dose of 1 ml of suspension (corresponding to 0.2 g of net weight of the drug) per 100 g of body weight of the animal, during 21 days. After detoxification therapy, rats with simulated carcinogenesis were administered the daily cytostatic Vincristine at a dose of 0.23 mg/kg for 14 days. In the above groups of experimental rats, the state of the humoral part of the immune system was studied by the content of serum IgA, IgM, IgG and circulating immune complexes. According to the content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory processes in experimental animals with induced carcinogenesis of the colon on the background of enterosorption and cytostatic corrections were studied. The changes are confirmed by parametric and nonparametric methods of evaluation of the obtained data. RESULTS: It was found that long-term administration of the carcinogen is accompanied by changes in the humoral part of the immune system, as evidenced by the increase in serum IgA, IgM, IgG and CEC level. The results of the research showed that the introduction of 1,2- dimethylhydrazine to animals is accompanied by a change in the cytokine profile, increases the level of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and decreases the level of anti-inflammatory IL-4. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous use of enterosorption and cytostatic therapy helped to restore the cytokine balance and indicators of the humoral part of immunological protection.