RESUMO
Improvement of quality-related traits of grains is a constant concern in white oat breeding programs, which challenges breeders to understand their dynamics. The performance of different genetic combinations must be thoroughly evaluated to make high nutritional quality cultivars available. This study aimed to estimate the heterosis on F1 and F2 generations, vigor loss, due to inbreeding, and correlation between the grain chemical components to understand the dynamics of these traits, considering two segregating oat progenies. The populations Albasul × UPF 15 (population 1) and IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 (population 2) were developed. Both populations showed transgressive segregant individuals. The combination Albasul × UPF 15 provided significant heterosis for traits -glucan total and soluble fiber contents, while the population obtained by crossing IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 generated significant gain by heterosis for total fiber, insoluble fibers and non-structural carbohydrate contents. Considering the F2 average for each population, one can observe that population 1 presents higher -glucan and lipid contents than population 2. On the other hand, population 2 has higher protein content than population 1. In both populations, the non-structural carbohydrate content is strongly and negatively correlated whith protein, total and insoluble fibers. Correlations between total fibers and lipids and between total fibers and insoluble fibers were both positive and high in both populations.(AU)
Assuntos
Vigor Híbrido/genética , Avena , Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade para Produtos e Serviços , Endogamia , Hibridização GenéticaRESUMO
Improvement of quality-related traits of grains is a constant concern in white oat breeding programs, which challenges breeders to understand their dynamics. The performance of different genetic combinations must be thoroughly evaluated to make high nutritional quality cultivars available. This study aimed to estimate the heterosis on F1 and F2 generations, vigor loss, due to inbreeding, and correlation between the grain chemical components to understand the dynamics of these traits, considering two segregating oat progenies. The populations Albasul × UPF 15 (population 1) and IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 (population 2) were developed. Both populations showed transgressive segregant individuals. The combination Albasul × UPF 15 provided significant heterosis for traits -glucan total and soluble fiber contents, while the population obtained by crossing IAC 7 × UFRGS 19 generated significant gain by heterosis for total fiber, insoluble fibers and non-structural carbohydrate contents. Considering the F2 average for each population, one can observe that population 1 presents higher -glucan and lipid contents than population 2. On the other hand, population 2 has higher protein content than population 1. In both populations, the non-structural carbohydrate content is strongly and negatively correlated whith protein, total and insoluble fibers. Correlations between total fibers and lipids and between total fibers and insoluble fibers were both positive and high in both populations.
Assuntos
Avena , Vigor Híbrido/genética , Endogamia , Hibridização Genética , Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade para Produtos e ServiçosRESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of 20 rice genotypes to acetic, pripionic and butyric acid, a phytotoxic compounds produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. This work was performed in hydroponics with four acid doses (0; 3; 6 e 9 mM) and 6:3:1 relationship acetic, propionic and butyric respectively. A factorial random block design with three replications were performed. The variables measured were root (CR) and shoot (CPA) length, number of roots (NR) and root (MSR) and shoot (MSPA) dry matter. The data relative to the measured variables were subjected to an analysis of variance in a factorial model (4x20) and regression fitting, considering dose and genotype as fixed factors. Significance for the interaction (genotype vs. dose) was found only for CR and CPA. The variable CR was the most influenced by the acid and the regression stablished for the variables CR and CPA revealed 2 genotypes with root length stability and 3 with shoot length stability front to organic acid stress. Genotypes with higher rusticity and developed for irrigated systems were more tolerant.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de 20 genótipos de arroz aos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico, compostos fitotóxicos produzidos em solos de deficiente drenagem e alto teor de matéria orgânica. O trabalho foi executado em sistema de hidroponia com 4 doses (0; 3; 6 e 9 mM) dos ácidos na relação 6:3:1 acético, propiônico e butírico respectivamente. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com 3 repetições num esquema fatorial. As variáveis mensuradas foram comprimento de raízes (CR) e parte aérea (CPA), número de raízes (NR) e massa seca de raízes (MSR) e parte aérea (MSPA). Os dados relativos às variáveis mensuradas foram submetidos à análise de variância em um modelo fatorial (4x20), considerando dose e genótipo como fatores fixos e ajuste de regressões. A variável CR foi a mais afetada pelo ácido e as regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis CR e CPA revelaram 2 genótipos com estabilidade de crescimento radicular e 3 com estabilidade de crescimento de parte aérea frente ao estresse por ácidos orgânicos. Genótipos de maior rusticidade e desenvolvidas para sistema de irrigação por inundação se mostraram mais tolerântes ao ácido.
RESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of 20 rice genotypes to acetic, pripionic and butyric acid, a phytotoxic compounds produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. This work was performed in hydroponics with four acid doses (0; 3; 6 e 9 mM) and 6:3:1 relationship acetic, propionic and butyric respectively. A factorial random block design with three replications were performed. The variables measured were root (CR) and shoot (CPA) length, number of roots (NR) and root (MSR) and shoot (MSPA) dry matter. The data relative to the measured variables were subjected to an analysis of variance in a factorial model (4x20) and regression fitting, considering dose and genotype as fixed factors. Significance for the interaction (genotype vs. dose) was found only for CR and CPA. The variable CR was the most influenced by the acid and the regression stablished for the variables CR and CPA revealed 2 genotypes with root length stability and 3 with shoot length stability front to organic acid stress. Genotypes with higher rusticity and developed for irrigated systems were more tolerant.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de 20 genótipos de arroz aos ácidos acético, propiônico e butírico, compostos fitotóxicos produzidos em solos de deficiente drenagem e alto teor de matéria orgânica. O trabalho foi executado em sistema de hidroponia com 4 doses (0; 3; 6 e 9 mM) dos ácidos na relação 6:3:1 acético, propiônico e butírico respectivamente. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com 3 repetições num esquema fatorial. As variáveis mensuradas foram comprimento de raízes (CR) e parte aérea (CPA), número de raízes (NR) e massa seca de raízes (MSR) e parte aérea (MSPA). Os dados relativos às variáveis mensuradas foram submetidos à análise de variância em um modelo fatorial (4x20), considerando dose e genótipo como fatores fixos e ajuste de regressões. A variável CR foi a mais afetada pelo ácido e as regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis CR e CPA revelaram 2 genótipos com estabilidade de crescimento radicular e 3 com estabilidade de crescimento de parte aérea frente ao estresse por ácidos orgânicos. Genótipos de maior rusticidade e desenvolvidas para sistema de irrigação por inundação se mostraram mais tolerântes ao ácido.
RESUMO
The occurrence of anaerobic conditions in hydromorphic soils favors the development of anaerobic microorganisms that produce phytotoxic substances representing primarily by organic acids. The selection of promising oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes for use in those situations requires field evaluations that can be cumbersome, making hydroponics a viable alternative. The objective of this work was to adjust a methodology to use in studies of tolerance to organic acids in oat under hydroponic systems. For such goal, the best germination system was determined in order to reduce the seedling initial establishment effects under hydroponics, the ideal concentration for screening genotypes and the best variable for stress evaluation. It was found that the most efficient germination system was "pleated germination paper" with small and husked seeds. The best concentration for studying organic acid tolerance ranged from 2.3 to 6.2 mM and the most suitable variable for the evaluation was root length.
A ocorrência de condições anaeróbias nos solos hidromórficos favorece o desenvolvimento de microrganismos anaeróbios que produzem substâncias fitotóxicas representadas principalmente pelos ácidos orgânicos. A seleção de constituições genéticas de aveia (Avena sativa L.) promissoras para utilização nestas situações requer avaliações de difícil execução no campo, tornando a utilização de sistemas hidropônicos mais vantajosa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi ajustar uma metodologia para ser utilizada em estudos de tolerância a ácidos orgânicos em aveia através de sistemas hidropônicos. Para tal fim foi determinada uma forma adequada de promover a germinação das sementes de maneira a reduzir os efeitos do estabelecimento inicial das plântulas na hidroponia, uma faixa de concentração ideal para discriminação dos genótipos e as variáveis de maior interesse para avaliação. O sistema de germinação mais eficiente é através de "papel de germinação plissado" com sementes pequenas e descascadas. A faixa de concentração mais adequada para estudos de tolerância a ácidos orgânicos em aveia está entre 2,3 e 6,2 mM e a variável mais indicada é comprimento de raízes.
RESUMO
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de 12 genótipos de arroz submetidos ao estresse por ácido acético, composto fitotóxico produzido em solos com drenagem deficiente e alto teor de matéria orgânica. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem da germinação (PCG) e germinação (G) dos genótipos submetidos às concentrações de 0mM, 4mM, 8mM e 12mM de ácido acético. As sementes de cada genótipo foram colocadas em papel germitest, os quais foram embebidos com as soluções-tratamento e acondicionados em sacos individuais. A germinação foi executada em câmara a 25°C e as contagens realizadas aos sete (PCG) e aos 14 dias (G). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por genótipo. As regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis revelaram três genótipos com estabilidade de germinação frente ao estresse por ácido acético.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the germination of 12 rice genotypes under acetic acid stress, a phytotoxic compound produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. The tests were conducted with the first count of germination (PCG) and germination (G) of the genotypes subjected to 0mM, 4mM, 8mM and 12mM acetic acid concentrations. The seed of each genotype was placed in germitest paper that was embedded with treatment solutions and packaged in individual bags. The germination was performed at 25°C and the counts were carried out at 7 (PCG) and 14 days (G). A factorial random block design was performed with four replications of 50 seeds per genotype. The regressions set for the variables showed three genotypes with germination stability under acetic acid stress.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the germination of 12 rice genotypes under acetic acid stress, a phytotoxic compound produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. The tests were conducted with the first count of germination (PCG) and germination (G) of the genotypes subjected to 0mM, 4mM, 8mM and 12mM acetic acid concentrations. The seed of each genotype was placed in germitest paper that was embedded with treatment solutions and packaged in individual bags. The germination was performed at 25°C and the counts were carried out at 7 (PCG) and 14 days (G). A factorial random block design was performed with four replications of 50 seeds per genotype. The regressions set for the variables showed three genotypes with germination stability under acetic acid stress.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de 12 genótipos de arroz submetidos ao estresse por ácido acético, composto fitotóxico produzido em solos com drenagem deficiente e alto teor de matéria orgânica. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem da germinação (PCG) e germinação (G) dos genótipos submetidos às concentrações de 0mM, 4mM, 8mM e 12mM de ácido acético. As sementes de cada genótipo foram colocadas em papel germitest, os quais foram embebidos com as soluções-tratamento e acondicionados em sacos individuais. A germinação foi executada em câmara a 25°C e as contagens realizadas aos sete (PCG) e aos 14 dias (G). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por genótipo. As regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis revelaram três genótipos com estabilidade de germinação frente ao estresse por ácido acético.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the germination of 12 rice genotypes under acetic acid stress, a phytotoxic compound produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. The tests were conducted with the first count of germination (PCG) and germination (G) of the genotypes subjected to 0mM, 4mM, 8mM and 12mM acetic acid concentrations. The seed of each genotype was placed in germitest paper that was embedded with treatment solutions and packaged in individual bags. The germination was performed at 25°C and the counts were carried out at 7 (PCG) and 14 days (G). A factorial random block design was performed with four replications of 50 seeds per genotype. The regressions set for the variables showed three genotypes with germination stability under acetic acid stress.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de 12 genótipos de arroz submetidos ao estresse por ácido acético, composto fitotóxico produzido em solos com drenagem deficiente e alto teor de matéria orgânica. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem da germinação (PCG) e germinação (G) dos genótipos submetidos às concentrações de 0mM, 4mM, 8mM e 12mM de ácido acético. As sementes de cada genótipo foram colocadas em papel germitest, os quais foram embebidos com as soluções-tratamento e acondicionados em sacos individuais. A germinação foi executada em câmara a 25°C e as contagens realizadas aos sete (PCG) e aos 14 dias (G). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por genótipo. As regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis revelaram três genótipos com estabilidade de germinação frente ao estresse por ácido acético.
RESUMO
The objective of this research was to evaluate the germination of 12 rice genotypes under acetic acid stress, a phytotoxic compound produced in low drainage soils with high organic matter content. The tests were conducted with the first count of germination (PCG) and germination (G) of the genotypes subjected to 0mM, 4mM, 8mM and 12mM acetic acid concentrations. The seed of each genotype was placed in germitest paper that was embedded with treatment solutions and packaged in individual bags. The germination was performed at 25°C and the counts were carried out at 7 (PCG) and 14 days (G). A factorial random block design was performed with four replications of 50 seeds per genotype. The regressions set for the variables showed three genotypes with germination stability under acetic acid stress.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a germinação de 12 genótipos de arroz submetidos ao estresse por ácido acético, composto fitotóxico produzido em solos com drenagem deficiente e alto teor de matéria orgânica. Foram realizados os testes de primeira contagem da germinação (PCG) e germinação (G) dos genótipos submetidos às concentrações de 0mM, 4mM, 8mM e 12mM de ácido acético. As sementes de cada genótipo foram colocadas em papel germitest, os quais foram embebidos com as soluções-tratamento e acondicionados em sacos individuais. A germinação foi executada em câmara a 25°C e as contagens realizadas aos sete (PCG) e aos 14 dias (G). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi fatorial inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por genótipo. As regressões estabelecidas para as variáveis revelaram três genótipos com estabilidade de germinação frente ao estresse por ácido acético.
RESUMO
Leishmaniases have a high prevalence in tropical countries. In order to improve existing diagnostic systems based on total Leishmania proteins, and to identify antigen candidates for vaccine development, an intensive search for the identification of antigens was performed using molecular biology techniques. In this study, the immune response to three L. infantum recombinant antigens was evaluated. Upon stimulation with KMP11, mononuclear cells from leishmaniasis patients produced high levels of IL-10, while a predominant IFN-gamma production could be observed in cultures stimulated with H2A and soluble Leishmania antigen. All the recombinant antigens induced very little IL-5. KMP11 decreased IFN-gamma production by 48% in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients who had been stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen. Furthermore, antibodies to KMP11 were detected in the sera from all patients with visceral leishmaniasis and in the majority of the sera from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis or individuals with asymptomatic L. chagasi infection. Thus, KMP11 is recognized by cells and sera of patients with different clinical forms of leishmaniasis, and KMP11, through IL-10 production, proved to be a potent antigen in modulating type 1 immune response.