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OBJECTIVES: Alendronate and raloxifene, a bisphosphonate and a selective estrogen modulator, respectively, are established osteoporosis therapies. Current evidence suggests that simultaneous application of osteoporosis therapies modulates osseointegration. However, alendronate shows inconsistent findings and raloxifene has not been studied comprehensively. This study aimed to evaluate the bone dynamics and molecular and microstructural features at the peri-implant bone interface in osteoporotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty female rats underwent ovariectomy and were fed a diet low in calcium and phosphate and treated with alendronate or raloxifene for 30 days or underwent fictional ovariectomy surgery (SHAM) prior to implant insertion in the tibia; osteoporosis therapies continued thereafter. After 42 days, peri-implant bone was evaluated by histometric and micro-CT analysis. Fluorochrome incorporation and gene expression was determined to evaluate bone turnover. RESULTS: We report here that alendronate had no impact on bone-to-implant contacts and the mineral apposition rate. The RANKL/OPG ratio and local bone volume, however, were increased compared to the untreated osteoporotic rats. Even though signaling to bone resorption activity through RANKL production was observed in the alendronate group, the blockade of bone resorption activity that occurs in decorrence to alendronate activity took place and resulted in an increase in bone volume. Raloxifene significantly increased osseointegration in osteoporotic rats, as indicated by bone-to-implant contacts, mineral apposition, and local bone volume. Raloxifene, however, had no considerable impact on the RANKL/OPG ratio compared to untreated osteoporotic rats. As expected, the SH group showed higher bone-to-implant contacts and mineral apposition rates than the untreated osteoporotic rats. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that raloxifene but not alendronate can compensate for the impaired osseointegration in osteoporotic rats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regarding the superiority of raloxifene observed in the improvement of bone dynamics response, this statement suggests that raloxifene could be a good option for osteoporosis patients in oral rehabilitation procedures.

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PURPOSE: Extensive bone defects in maxillofacial region can be corrected with autograft. However the disadvantages of this type of therapy lead to the search for new bone substitutes. Thus, we evaluated the biological behavior and osteoinductive platelet-derived growth factor type BB (PDGF-BB) associated with different carriers, by histological analysis and immunohistochemical histometric critical defects performed in rat calvaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Critical defects were created with 5-mm diameter calvaria of rats. Each defect was randomly divided into 8 experimental groups, evaluated at 15 and 30 postoperative days for histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The results showed new bone formation in all groups, independent of postoperative time. At 30 days, the beta-tricalcium phosphate matrix (TCP) group just did not differ from bone matrix mineralized bovine (BIO) group in the new bone formation (P = 0.1403). In none of the groups' analyzed biomaterials, growth factor stimulated increase in bone formation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: With the methodology used, the growth factor associated with the tested biomaterials did not induce new bone formation.

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PURPOSE: The installation of implants has become a routine procedure in the clinic. However, it takes time and adequate bone thickness, and for that, tissue engineering has made efforts to develop substitutes for autografts, in view of certain disadvantages of this material. The decision to choose the most suitable graft material for each case is an important step in the success of bone reconstruction. This study was to verify, by means of immunohistochemical study, that the addition of bone morphogenetic protein had some influence on biomaterials commercially available, taking into account the formation of mineralized tissue, bone replacement, and the amount of degradation of biomaterials. METHODS: The sample consisted of 72 rats that were divided into eight treatment groups, in which two defects of 5 mm were made in each animal calvaria. Euthanasia was performed at 5, 15, and 30 days postop. RESULTS: A histologic and histometric analysis was performed to quantitate the area of mineralized tissue formed, the area of newly formed bone, and the area of degradation of the biomaterials. Data were analyzed with multiple comparisons of means by Tukey contrasts, and significant difference was assigned at the level of P < 0.05. The proteins used for immunohistochemical analysis accounted for the process of formation, mineralization, and bone resorption and was performed using ordinal qualitative analysis, where from assigning scores. CONCLUSIONS: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 was shown to be effective as an inducer of bone formation process independent biomaterial used mainly for accelerating the resorption process of the framework.

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This study aimed to assess the biological response of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) in supplementation with ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) as a carrier in the bone healing of surgical defects in rats' calvaria. A critical-size defect (5mm in diameter) was filled with ß-TCP alone or added with that plus 5mg of BMP-2 at 5, 15, and 30 postoperative days. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (osteocalcin, collagen type I, and metalloproteinase-9) analysis was performed to assess the features of bone healing. Histological behavior and collagen type I labeling showed increased formation of the collagen matrix, leading to a higher percentage of newly formed bone and biomaterial for tissue and more total mineralization of pure TCP when compared to the other groups. The supplementation with BMP-2 promoted faster TCP remodeling; however, there was no statistically significant difference for the bone formed in both groups (P>0.05). Collagen-matrix formation and new bone formation reached maximum levels when the defects were filled with pure TCP, even exceeding the levels from BMP-2 supplementation.

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the alendronate and raloxifene influence in the alveolar healing process of osteoporotic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four female rats were divided in four groups: sham rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats and no medical treatment (OVX NT), ovariectomized rats and submitted to alendronate treatment (OVX ALE), and ovariectomized and submitted to raloxifene treatment (OVX RAL). The histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. The quantitative data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: In the longest period, SHAM and OVX RAL groups showed the better bone formation responses (P < 0.05). The worst bone formation response was observed in the group OVX NT. OVX RAL group showed the better response at 42 days. OVX ALE group showed a favorable response at 14 days, in comparison with OVX RAL group, but a reduced response at 42 days. It was possible to observe a mature bone in SHAM group at 14 days and an immature bone in the OVX NT group. An intermediate quality bone was observed in the groups OVX ALE and OVX RAL. CONCLUSION: Alendronate and raloxifene treatment improved the alveolar healing process in osteoporotic rats, but not enough to achieve the histometrical and protein expression values that were observed in the SHAM group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Alendronate is largely used as a potent antiresorptive agent. Otherwise, considering the undesirable effects in relation to the alveolar healing, other antiosteoporosis medications should be studied. Raloxifene seems to be a good candidate once its action mechanism involves the activation of osteoblasts.

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PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of bone substitutes in circumferential peri-implant defects created in the rabbit tibia. METHODS: Thirty rabbits received 45 implants in their left and right tibia. A circumferential bone defect (6.1 mm in diameter/4 mm depth) was created in each rabbit tibia using a trephine bur. A dental implant (4.1 mm × 8.5 mm) was installed after the creation of the defect, providing a 2-mm gap. The bone defect gaps between the implant and the bone were randomly filled according to the following groups: blood clot (CO), particulate Bio-Oss(®) (BI), and Bio-Oss(®) Collagen (BC). Ten animals were euthanized after periods of 15, 30, and 60 days. Biomechanical analysis by means of the removal torque of the implants, as well as histologic and immunohistochemical analyses for protein expression of osteocalcin (OC), Runx2, OPG, RANKL, and TRAP were evaluated. RESULTS: For biomechanics, BC showed a better biological response (61.00±15.28 Ncm) than CO (31.60±14.38 Ncm) at 30 days. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly different OC expression in CO and BC at 15 days, and also between the CO and BI groups, and between the CO and BC groups at 60 days. After 15 days, Runx2 expression was significantly different in the BI group compared to the CO and BC groups. RANKL expression was significantly different in the BI and CO groups and between the BI and BC groups at 15 days, and also between the BI and CO groups at 60 days. OPG expression was significantly higher at 60 days postoperatively in the BI group than the CO group. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data indicate that, compared to CO and BI, BC offered better bone healing, which was characterized by greater RUNX2, OC, and OPG immunolabeling, and required greater reversal torque for implant removal. Indeed, along with BI, BC presents promising biomechanical and biological properties supporting its possible use in osteoconductive grafts for filling peri-implant gaps.

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The placement of dental implants and subsequent placement of immediate temporary dentures after extractions has become a treatment modality accepted by the scientific community. In addition to the functional factor, the surgical procedure in a single stage in the anterior region of the maxilla offers an esthetic appearance, and relieves the psychological concerns of patients. To guarantee the success and longevity of treatments performed, the fabrication of surgical guides is a helpful method in these situations. Guided surgery has gained attention because it restores esthetics with immediate restoration, provides the patient with comfort in addition to dispensing with the need for performing surgical flaps. This auxiliary method allows the position and design of the implant, as well as the perforation sequence to be programmed, thus optimizing the clinical results. In this study, the authors present a clinical case of a patient who was submitted to extraction and subsequent implant placement with immediate loading in the anterior region of the maxilla, performed in a satisfactory manner.

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Defeitos mucogengivais em decorrência do avanço da doença periodontal resultam em perda óssea alveolar e consequente migração apical da papila interdental, levando à formação de triângulos negros que comprometem a estética do paciente. O tratamento de defeitos mucogengivais e peri-implantares vem sendo amplamente estudado no sentido de otimizar os resultados clínicos alcançados e são considerados um grande desafio na prática clínica. Assim, o presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficácia clínica de um novo método para eliminar ou reduzir pequenos defeitos de papila, utilizando-se o gel de ácido hialurônico (AH). A utilização de gel de AH, comercialmente disponível, foi utilizado em dois casos clínicos como um método possível de formação de papila entre implantes, e em áreas de pôntico de prótese fixa sobre implantes em regiões estéticas da maxila. Os pacientes incluídos neste estudo apresentavam- -se com pelo menos um defeito de papila na região anterior. Antes do tratamento, fotografias da condição inicial dos pacientes foram obtidas. O procedimento clínico para aplicação do gel de AH (0,2 mL) foi realizado com anestesia tópica, após profilaxia, utilizando-se um dispositivo apropriado, 2-3 mm apical à borda coronária da papila envolvida. Reavaliações periódicas a cada 3 semanas foram conduzidas, e a aplicação do gel de AH foi repetida por três vezes. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante um período de seis meses após a aplicação do gel e fotografias foram obtidas para comparação dos resultados alcançados. Os resultados mostraram satisfatório aumento do volume tecidual nos dois casos tratados, os quais resultaram em um maior preenchimento tecidual e consequente melhora das condições estéticas dos pacientes. Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo são encorajadores, evidenciando que pequenos defeitos de papila interdentária entre pônticos e entre implantes podem ser solucionados por meio da aplicação clínica do gel de AH, resultando em satisfatório ganho tecidual com baixa morbidade ao paciente (AU)

Mucogingival defects as a consequence of the advancement of periodontal disease result in bone loss and subsequent apical migration of the interdental papilla, leading to the formation of black triangles that compromise the patient aesthetics. The treatment of mucogingival and peri-implant defects is considered a major challenge in clinical practice and has been widely studied in order to optimize clinical results. Thus, the present study sought to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a new method to eliminate or reduce small papillary defects, using the hyaluronic acid gel (HA). The HA gel, commercially available, was used in two cases as a possible method for the formation of papilla between implants and in pontics region of implant-supported prostheses in the anterior maxillary region. The patients included in this study had at least one papillary defect in the anterior region. Before treatment, photographs of the initial condition of all patients were obtained. The clinical procedure for the application of the HA gel (0.2 mL) was performed under topic anesthesia, after dental prophylaxis, using an appropriate device, 2-3 mm apical to the coronal tip of the involved papilla. Patients were seen every 3 weeks, and the application of the HA gel was repeated three times. Patients were followed for a period of six months after the HA gel application and photographs were taken for results comparison. Satisfactory increased tissue volume was observed in all cases, which resulted in greater tissue filling and consequent improvement of aesthetic conditions. In conclusion, the results of the present study are encouraging, showing that small defects of interdental papilla between implants and prosthetic pontic can be solved through clinical application of HA gel resulting in satisfactory tissue gain with low morbidity to the patient (AU)

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O traumatismo dentário desperta atenção na Odontologia, devido ao comprometimento estético e funcional que ocasiona. Dentre os traumas, a avulsão é uma das principais questões por ser uma lesão grave e envolver danos complexos ao ligamento periodontal. O tratamento de escolha é o reimplante dentário. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar a abordagem do trauma dental em um paciente que sofreu avulsão dos dentes 11 e 21. Os elementos foram reimplantados duas horas após o trauma, caracterizando o caso como reimplante tardio. Foi realizada endodontia de ambos os dentes e, após 12 anos de acompanhamentos clínico e radiográfico, houve necessidade de extração dos elementos 11 e 21 devido à presença de grandes áreas de reabsorção por substituição na porção radicular. Implantes osseointegráveis foram instalados na mesma sessão, a fim de reabilitar o paciente que nesse momento apresentava maturidade óssea, estando apto a receber o implante. O caso se encontra com quatro anos de acompanhamento e nenhuma sintomatologia clínica foi observada. Frente à avulsão dentária, o reimplante ainda é a conduta ideal mesmo quando há necessidade de um futuro implante devido à ocorrência das reabsorções dentárias, pois quanto maior a permanência do dente reimplantado no alvéolo, maior a preservação do osso alveolar que mantém sua forma e espessura, favorecendo assim também a estética e pela possibilidade de postergar as cirurgias para colocação dos implantes.

Tooth trauma demands attention in Dentistry due to its esthetic and functional impairments. Avulsion is one of the main issues regarding its severity and complex damage to the periodontal ligament. The treatment of choice is reimplantation. The aim of this article is to present an approach to avulsed teeth 11 and 21. Both elements were reinserted 2 hours later, which characterizes a delayed reimplantation. After endodontic treatment, as well as 12 years of clinical and radiographic follow-up, those teeth were extracted due to large root resorption areas. Dental implants were installed in the same session but now the patient presented with excellent bone maturity to receive the implants. This case now has 4 years of follow-up and no clinical symptomatology was reported. In case of tooth avulsion, the reimplantation is the ideal option aiming for further implant placement due to tooth resorption, because the longer a tooth can be kept in its alveolar socket, the more the bone contour and width preservation are seen, also favoring esthetics and postponing of dental implant surgeries.

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Este trabalho relata um caso clínico onde uma paciente de 82 anos de idade queixava-se da instabilidade da porção removível de sua prótese maxilar híbrida. Dois implantes foram colocados na região posterior e a nova prótese passou a funcionar como uma overdenture retida por encaixes tipo O-ring. As extremidades distais dos encaixes nas coroas metalocerâmicas dos dentes 13 e 23 não puderam ser capturadas. Mesmo em função das limitações técnicas e econômicas, o tratamento proposto satisfez as exigências estéticas e funcionais da paciente.

This work reports a clinical case where a 82 years-old patient had complaints about the removable portion of an hybrid maxillary prosthesis. Two dental implants were inserted in the posterior region and the new reconstruction was designed as an O-ring retained overdenture. The female portions of the metalloceramic crowns of teeth 13 and 23 could not be captured in this way. Even thus, given the technical and financial limitations, the proposed treatment addressed all esthetic and functional patient demands

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The development of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan can be a complex task, especially in cases of dentoalveolar trauma. The authors present a case report of crown-root fracture caused by trauma and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment. An eighteen year-old boy had a bicycle accident resulting in dental trauma. The upper right first molar showed a complicated crownroot fracture and the lower left second pre-molar showed an uncomplicated crown-root fracture. Endodontic treatment, controlled tooth extrusion, periodontal surgery for recovery of biological width, and porcelain crown and onlay restorations were performed. Esthetic and functional results were achieved. At the two-year follow-up it was observed that the tooth/onlay interface of the upper right first molar was stained and the onlay of the left lower second pre-molar was fractured. Therefore, the interface stained was repaired and a porcelain crown was made for the lower second premolar. The clinical case presented herein leads to the conclusion that a multidisciplinary treatment plan is extremely important for a proper resolution in cases of dentoalveolar trauma

A elaboração de um diagnóstico preciso e de um plano de tratamento adequado pode constituir uma tarefa bastante complexa, especialmente nos casos de traumatismos dentoalveolares. O relato de caso teve por finalidade demonstrar a importância da abordagem multidisciplinar para o tratamento de fratura corono-radicular pós traumatismo. Paciente de 18 anos de idade, gênero masculino, sofreu uma queda de bicicleta resultando em traumatismos dentários. O 16 sofreu fratura corono-radicular complicada e o 35 fratura corono-radicular não-complicada. Foi realizado tratamento endodôntico, extrusão dentária controlada, cirurgia periodontal para recuperação do espaço biológico, coroa de porcelana e restauração tipo onlay. O resultado estético e funcional foi alcançado. O paciente foi acompanhado por 2 anos onde foi observado um manchamento na interface dente/onlay do 16 e fratura da onlay do 35. Foi realizado um reparo na interface do 16 e confeccionada uma coroa de porcelana para o 35. Foi possível concluir que a multidisciplinaridade do plano de tratamento é de extrema importância para uma adequada resolução dos casos de traumatismos dentoalveolares

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Computed tomographic scanning is a precise, noinvasive surveying technique that enables the professionals to improve the precision of implant placement by building a prototype that allows the confection of surgical guides. The authors present a clinical case of anterior tooth rehabilitation with frozen homogenous bone graft and immediately loaded titanium implant using computer-guided surgery. A multislice computed tomography was realized, and a prototype was built. All the procedures were previously realized in the prototype before started in the patient. This technique allows a better surgical planning, makes the procedures more accurate, and reduces surgery time.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate implants installed with compromised primary stability associated or not with polylactide and polyglycolide copolymer (PLA/PGA). Two 0.4-mm overdrilled defects (3 mm in diameter and 6 mm long) were produced in the right tibia of 25 rabbits. Half of the defects were left untreated, and the other half was filled with PLA/PGA. Implants of 2.6 mm in diameter and 6 mm long were placed into all defects. Animals were killed at 5, 15, 40, and 60 postoperative days, and biomechanical analysis (torque-reverse), histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry (osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand [RANKL], osteocalcin, and collagen-1 [COL-I] staining) were performed. All the implants achieved osseointegration. There were no statistically significant differences in the torque-reverse and in linear contact extension between bone tissue and implant surface and no statistically significant difference in osteoprotegerin, RANKL, osteocalcin, and collagen-1 expression between the studied groups in all studied periods (P > 0.05). We can conclude that osseointegration can occur in compromised primary implant stability situations, and the addition of PLA/PGA did not improve the osseointegration process in this experimental model.

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Gingival overgrowth (GO) may be related to the frequent use of certain medications, such as cyclosporin, phenytoin (PHT), and nifedipine, and is therefore denominated drug-induced GO. This article reports a case of a patient who with chronic periodontitis made use of PHT and presented generalized GO. A 30-year-old man with GO was referred to the clinic of the Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil. The complaint was poor aesthetics because of the GO. The patient had a medical history of a controlled epileptic state, and PHT was administered as an anticonvulsant medication. The clinical examination showed generalized edematous gingival tissues and presence of bacterial plaque and calculus on the surfaces of the teeth. The diagnosis was GO associated with PHT because no other risk factors were identified. Treatment consisted of meticulous oral hygiene instruction, scaling, root surface instrumentation, prophylaxis, and daily chlorhexidine mouth rinses. After this stage, periodontal surgery was performed, and histopathologic evaluation was made. The patient has been under control for 3 years after the periodontal surgery, and up to the present time, there has been no recurrence. It can be concluded that PHT associated with the presence of irritants favored gingival growth and that the association of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies was effective in the treatment of GO. Besides, motivating the patient to maintain oral hygiene is a prerequisite for the maintenance of periodontal health.

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A common finding in patients with edentulous maxilla and partially dentate mandible is mainly the presence of flabbiness in the anterior edentulous alveolar ridge that can compromise the retention and stability of a denture. Thus, this case report presents the correction of a flabby ridge, using an auxiliary technique combining surgical excision and autogenous connective tissue grafting. The technique improved the quality of the osteomucosal support of the alveolar ridge and increased the vestibule deepness, whose result increased the success rate of the new conventional total prosthesis.

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The prognosis of tooth replantation is usually related to the need of endodontic treatment, which has a direct relationship with the occurrence of root resorptions. Several studies have been undertaken in an attempt to prevent, delay, or treat these complications, which are the main causes of loss of replanted teeth. This literature review examines research evidence on intracanal dressings and root canal filling materials used in cases of tooth replantation. A comprehensive search was performed in the Medline/Pubmed, Bireme and Scielo full-text electronic journal databases to retrieve English-language articles referring to these topics that had been published between 1964 and 2010. Calcium hydroxide (CH) remains the usually recommended choice as an intracanal medicament in replanted teeth; however, there is evidence to support the initial use of a corticosteroid-antibiotic combination such as Ledermix paste to control potential early resorption, prior to the introduction of CH where the beneficial effect in the treatment of progressive root resorption has been well proven. Regarding root filling materials, CH-containing sealers are a good option because of their biological properties. Accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment plan may constitute very complex tasks, particularly in tooth avulsion because several variables are involved. In addition to the technical knowledge and clinical experience directed toward the quality of treatment, patient education may favorably influence the survival of replanted teeth.

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Objective: to evaluated the effect of treating root-adhered necrotic periodontal ligament (PDL) with citric acid on the healing process in delayed rat tooth replantation. Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats, assigned to 4 groups (n=10), had their upper right incisor extracted and kept dry on a workbench. For Group I (control), the teeth were replanted after a 5 min extra-alveolar time. For the other groups, replantation was done after 60 min. In Group II, the root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and the teeth were replanted with no root surface treatment. In Group III, the teeth were immersed in citric acid (pH 1) for 3 min, the canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and the teeth were replanted. In Group IV, instead of the immersion, the roots were scrubbed with gauze soaked in citric acid and the teeth were replanted. The animals were sacrificed 60 days postoperatively. Results: Regarding replacement resorption, there was statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control group and the other three groups. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was found among the groups regarding the areas of inflammatory resorption. There was also a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the control group and Group IV regarding ankylosis. The control group showed the least replacement resorption percent means compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The root structure was more affected by replacement resorption and ankylosis in Group IV compared to the Groups II and III, but this difference was not significant statistically (p > 0.05). Conclusion: the treatment of root surface-adhered necrotic periodontal ligament with citric acid was not able to prevent the occurrence of ankylosis, root resorption and inflammatory resorption in delayed rat tooth replantation

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito do ácido cítrico no ligamento periodontal cementário necrótico no processo de reparo do reimplante dentário tardio em rato. Material e Método: Quarenta ratos Wistar após a extração do incisivo superior direito foram divididos em 4 grupos (n=10). No Grupo I (controle), os dentes foram reimplantados após 5 min extralveolar. Nos outros grupos o reimplante foi realizado após 60 min. No Grupo II, os canais foram obturados com pasta hidróxido de cálcio e os dentes foram reimplantados sem tratamento da superfície radicular. No Grupo III, os dentes foram imersos em ácido cítrico (pH1) por 3 min, os canais foram obturados com pasta de hidróxido de cálcio e reimplantados. No Grupo IV, a superfície radicular foi friccionada com gaze embebida em ácido cítrico e os dentes reimplandos. Os aminais sofreram eutanásia 60 dias após o reimplante. Resultados: Quanto à reabsorção por substituição houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre o grupo controle e os outros três grupos. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante (p > 0,05) entre os grupos com relação à reabsorção inflamatória. Houve também uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) entre o grupo controle e do Grupo IV quanto a anquilose. O grupo controle apresentou menor reabsorção por substituição em comparação com os outros grupos (p < 0,05). A estrutura radicular foi mais comprometida pela reabsorção por substituição e anquilose no Grupo IV quando comparado aos grupos II e III, porém sem significância estatística (p > 0.05). Conclusão: o tratamento do ligamento periodontal cementário com ácido citrico não previne a ocorrência de anquilose e reabsorção inflamatória em reimplante dentário tardio em rato.

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A reabilitação de regiões edêntulas com implantes dentários osseointegráveis é um procedimento previsível, bem documentado na literatura e com elevadas taxas de sucesso. Entretanto, a escassez óssea do leito receptor ou a proximidade com estruturas anatômicas limita o procedimento reabilitador, principalmente nas regiões posteriores da mandíbula. Dessa forma, os implantes curtos são uma alternativa de tratamento para esses casos de reabsorção óssea severa. O objetivo deste artigo foi fazer uma revisão da literatura para analisar a taxa de sucesso dos implantes curtos, destacando-se os instalados na região posterior da mandíbula, assim como apresentar um caso clínico. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico dos artigos publicados nos anos de 2005 a 2012, indexados na base de dados Pubmed e Bireme. Foi empregada a palavra-chave: implantes curtos. Concluiu-se que as taxas de sucesso dos implantes curtos são semelhantes às taxas de sucesso dos implantes convencionais e que essa taxa de sucesso está relacionada com a geometria e o tratamento das superfícies dos implantes curtos. Ainda, o implante curto pode ser considerado como uma alternativa viável para a reabilitação dos maxilares severamente reabsorvidos. Entretanto, muitos autores consideram que mais pesquisas são necessárias para se equivaler um implante curto com um implante longo.

The rehabilitation of edentulous areas with osseointegrated dental implants is a well-documented, predictable procedure in the literature, with high success rates. However, the lack of bone at the recipient bed or proximity to anatomic structures limits the rehabilitation procedure especially at the posterior mandible. Thus, short implants are an alternative treatment for such cases of severe bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to review the success rate of short implants, especially those based in the posterior mandible and to show a clinical case. A literature review was made on electronic databases PubMed and Bireme with articles published between the years 2005 to 2012, using the keywords “short dental implants”. It was concluded that the success rates of short implants are similar to those presented by conventional implants but still related to their geometry and surface treatment. Also, short implants can be considered as a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of severely resorbed jaws. However, many authors consider that more research is necessary when a short implant is compared to a long dental implant

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This study evaluated the repair process after delayed replantation of rat teeth, using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) mixed with camphorated p-monochlorophenol (CMCP), chlorhexidine 2% (CHX), or saline as temporary root canal dressing to prevent and/or control inflammatory radicular resorption. Thirty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos) had their right upper incisor extracted, which was bench-dried for 60 minutes. The dental papilla, the enamel organ, the dental pulp, and the periodontal ligament were removed. The teeth were immersed in 2% acidulated-phosphate sodium fluoride solution for 10 minutes. The root canals were dried with absorbent paper cones and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals according to root canal dressing used: group 1: Ca(OH)2 + saline, group 2: Ca(OH)2 + CMCP, and group 3: Ca(OH)2 + CHX 2%. Before replanting, the teeth sockets were irrigated with saline. Histological analysis revealed the presence of inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption, and ankylosis in all 3 groups. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between group 3 and the other groups. The use of Ca(OH)2 mixed with CMCP or CHX did not show an advantage over the use of Ca(OH)2 mixed with saline in preventing and/or controlling inflammatory resorption in delayed replantation of rat teeth.

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The median palatine cyst is a rare benign nonodontogenic lesion that attacks the median palatine suture. There is controversy about its pathogenesis; however, its origin is generally attributed to the enclavement of epithelial remnants within the palatine suture between the 2 lateral maxillary processes during their fusion in the origin of the hard palate. The purpose of this report was to relate a case of a median palatine cyst, discussing the rarity of the lesion, its pathogenesis, and the different modalities that could be used for the correct treatment of this pathologic entity.

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