RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of hypertension and obesity are a worldwide concern. OBJETIVES: Assess the metabolites profile after intervention with mixed dietary fiber in overweight and obese normotensive women. METHODS: This is a randomized double blind placebo-controlled study. Through a simple randomization process, two groups were allocated, with eleven women (group 1) receiving 12 g of mixed dietary fiber and thirteen women (group 2) receiving 12 g of placebo (corn starch) for eight weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical tests and lifestyle were analyzed. As for evaluation metabolomics, used a 1H NMR. The data matrix generated 96 samples and 225 variables, which was exported in the ASCII format for the "The Unscrumbler" statistics software (version 9.7, CAMO Process). RESULTS: After the intervention with mixed dietary fiber, significant differences were observed between the main types of metabolites, referring to the increase in the relative peak areas of in three HDL metabolites 4.94 ppm (0.0086*), HDL 1.28 ppm (0 .0337*), HDL 0.88 ppm (0.0224*) and an α-glucose metabolite 4.90 ppm (0.0106) and the reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (0.0292*) of 7 mmHg in the reference range and in the placebo group there was a reduction in SBP (0.0118*) of 4 mmHg and of a choline metabolite 3.65 ppm (0.0266*), which does not call into question the validity of these results in the literature. CONCLUSION: The synergism of the functions of these statistically highlighted metabolites contributed to prevention the increase in SBP after fiber intervention in overweight and obese normotensive women.
Assuntos
Metabolômica , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Feminino , Sobrepeso/tratamento farmacológico , Pressão Sanguínea , Metabolômica/métodos , Obesidade , Suplementos NutricionaisRESUMO
Metabolomics has been increasingly used to evaluate metabolic changes associated with morbidities. The objective of this study is to assess the metabolic profile before and after intervention with mixed dietary fiber in overweight and obese hypertensive women. This is an intervention study, and the sample consists of 14 women aged 28 to 58 years. An intervention with 12 g of mixed soluble and insoluble fiber is performed for a period of eight weeks. Serum metabolites are identified using a Bruker 1H NMR spectrometer at 400 MHz. Multivariate data analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA), is used to differentiate the two groups. After supplementation with dietary fiber, there is a significant increase in the peak intensity values of the metabolites HDL-C (0.0010*), choline (0.0012*) and hydroxybutyrate (0.0010*) as well as a decrease in systolic (0.0013*) and diastolic (0.0026*) blood pressure. The analysis of the metabolomic profile allows the identification of metabolites that have been associated in the literature with hypertension and excess weight (choline, hydroxybutyrate and amino acids) and with fiber intake (choline, hydroxybutyrate and amino acids) in addition to an increase in HDL-C. The increase in the detection of the described metabolites possibly occurs due to the presence of pathologies and the use of fiber in the intervention, which also contributes to elevated HDL-c and reduced blood pressure.
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Colina/sangue , Fibras na Dieta/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hidroxibutiratos/sangue , Hipertensão/sangue , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Sobrepeso/sangue , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Sobrepeso/complicaçõesRESUMO
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations are a standard of care in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are influenced by different factors. This study compared the LDL-C concentrations estimated by two different equations and determined their associations with inflammatory status, oxidative stress, anthropometric variables, food intake and DNA methylation levels in the LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR genes. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 236 adults (median age 37.5 years) of both sexes from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The LDL-C concentrations were estimated according to the Friedewald and Martin equations. LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR gene methylation levels; malondialdehyde levels; total antioxidant capacity; ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, homocysteine, cobalamin, and folic acid levels; usual dietary intake; and epidemiological variables were also determined. For each unit increase in malondialdehyde concentration there was an increase in the LDL-C concentration from 6.25 to 10.29 mg/dL (p <0.000). Based on the Martin equation (≥70 mg/dL), there was a decrease in the DNA methylation levels in the ADRB3 gene and an increase in the DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR gene (p <0.05). There was a positive relation of homocysteine and cholesterol intake on LDL-C concentrations estimated according to the Friedewald equation and of waist circumference and age based on the two estimates. It is concluded the LDL-C concentrations estimated by the Friedewald and Martin equations were different, and the Friedewald equation values were significantly lower than those obtained by the Martin equation. MDA was the variable that was most positively associated with the estimated LDL-C levels in all multivariate models. Significant relationships were observed based on the two estimates and occurred for most variables. The methylation levels of the ADRB3 and MTHFR genes were different according to the Martin equation at low LDL-C concentrations (70 mg/dL).
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Metilação de DNA , Modelos Biológicos , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/genética , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdeído/sangue , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism associated with body fat accumulation could possibly trigger an inflammatory process by elevating homocysteine levels and increasing cytokine production, causing several diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of food intervention, and not folate supplements, on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) in overweight and obese women with the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. A randomized, double-blind eight-week clinical trial of 48 overweight and obese women was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. They received 300 g of vegetables daily for eight weeks containing different doses of folate: 95 µg/day for Group 1 and 191 µg/day for Group 2. MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping was assessed by digestion with HinfI enzyme and on 12% polyacrylamide gels. Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, and biochemical analysis (blood folic acid, vitamin B12, homocysteine (Hcy), TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6) were determined at the beginning and end of the study. Group 2 had a significant increase in folate intake (p < 0.001) and plasma folic acid (p < 0.05) for individuals with the cytosine-cytosine (CC), cytosine-thymine (CT), and thymine-thymine (TT) genotypes. However, only individuals with the TT genotype presented reduced levels of Hcy, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1ß (p < 0.001). Group 1 showed significant differences in folate consumption (p < 0.001) and folic acid levels (p < 0.05) for individuals with the CT and TT genotypes. Food intervention with folate from vegetables increased folic acid levels and reduced interleukins, TNF-α, and Hcy levels, mainly for individuals with the TT genotype.
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Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Obesidade/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Verduras , Adulto , Dieta/métodos , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Genótipo , Homocisteína/sangue , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nutrigenômica , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/sangue , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Polimorfismo Genético , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue , Vitamina B 12/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. RESULTS: DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist-hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.
Assuntos
Metilação de DNA/fisiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Obesidade/genética , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/metabolismo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) have been investigated as risk factors for microvascular complications of diabetes; however, simultaneous analysis of these polymorphisms and the methylation pattern of the gene has never been conducted. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the simultaneous relationship between MTHFR methylation and MTHFR C6TT7 and A1298C polymorphisms with metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters related to microvascular complications, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 107 patients who were diagnosed in the previous 5 to 10 years were recruited and divided into groups with complications (DR and/or DN) or without complications. Methylation analysis of the gene promoter was conducted using the MSP technique, and analysis of the A1298C and C677T polymorphisms was conducted using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. Microalbuminuria was determined using urine samples, and other analytes of interest were determined in blood samples using commercial kits. The Mann-Whitney and Chi square statistical tests were used with significance considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Subjects with a hypermethylated profile and the 1298AA genotype showed the highest levels of blood glucose (p = 0.03), total cholesterol (p = 0.0001) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0006). The same profile was associated with higher levels of HbA1c (p = 0.025), glycemia (p = 0.04) and total cholesterol (0.004) in the control group and total cholesterol (p = 0.005) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.002) in the complications group. Serum creatinine was higher in subjects in the hypermethylated group with the genotype 677CC only in the control group (p = 0.0020). The methylated profile in presence of 677CC + 1298AA and the 677CT/TT +1298AA haplotypes showed higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0024; 0.0031) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.0060; 0.0125) than 1298AC/CC carriers. The fasting glycemia was higher in hypermethylated profile in the presence of 677CC/1298AA haplotype (p = 0.0077). CONCLUSION: The hypermethylated methylation profile associated with the 1298AA genotype appeared to be connected to higher values of glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol.
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BACKGROUND: Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. RESULTS: DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist-hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Metilação de DNA/fisiologia , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Lipídeos/sangue , Obesidade/genética , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Ingestão de Energia , Estado Nutricional , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: DNA methylation has been evidenced as a potential epigenetic mechanism related to various candidate genes to development of obesity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the DNA methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene by body mass index (BMI) in a representative adult population, besides characterizing this population as to the lipid profile, oxidative stress and food intake. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study, involving 262 adults aged 20-59 years, of both genders, representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, in that were evaluated lifestyle variables and performed nutritional, biochemical evaluation and DNA methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene using high resolution melting method. The relationship between the study variables was performed using analyses of variance and multiple regression models. All results were obtained using the software R, 3.3.2. RESULTS: From the stratification of categories BMI, was observed a difference in the average variables values of age, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, triglycerides and intake of trans fat, which occurred more frequently between the categories "eutrophic" and "obesity". From the multiple regression analysis in the group of eutrophic adults, it was observed a negative relationship between methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene with serum levels of folic acid. However, no significant relation was observed among lipid profile, oxidative stress and food intake in individuals distributed in the three categories of BMI. CONCLUSIONS: A negative relationship was demonstrated between methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene in eutrophic adults individuals with serum levels of folic acid, as well as with the independent gender of BMI, however, was not observed relation with lipid profile, oxidative stress and variables of food intake. Regarding the absence of relationship with methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene in the categories of overweight, mild and moderate obesity, the answer probably lies in the insufficient amount of body fat to initiate inflammatory processes and oxidative stress with a direct impact on methylation levels, what is differently is found most of the times in exacerbated levels in severe obesity.
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Metilação de DNA/genética , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Ácido Fólico/farmacologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Estresse Oxidativo , Análise de Regressão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) is related to folate metabolism and can alter the levels of biochemical markers.Objective: Investigate the influence of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on the effects of a dietary folate intervention on oxidative stress in women with overweight or obesity.Methods: Forty-eight adult women with overweight or obesity were subjected to a 24-hour dietary recall, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analysis, and genotyping of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. They were allocated by convenience sampling to 2 groups, which received 300 g of folate-rich vegetables containing 191 µg/d (Group 1) (n = 24) or 95 µg/d (Group 2) (n = 24) of folate for 8 weeks.Results: The dietary intervention increased the serum folic acid levels in the 2 analyzed groups. The intervention with 191 µg/d of folate led to relevant results in terms of homocysteine levels (p = 0.0005) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.0261); the effect was larger among carriers of the TT genotype.Conclusions: The study demonstrated the beneficial effect of folate intake in terms of a TAC elevation for the CC and TT genotypes of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism, an increase in folic acid levels for all genotypes, and a reduction in the Hcy levels for the TT genotype in response to an intervention consisting of an intake of 191 µg/d of folate supplied by vegetables.
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Metilação de DNA , Nefropatias Diabéticas/genética , Retinopatia Diabética/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Retinopatia Diabética/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre os valores de leucócitos e proteína C- reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) e o consumo alimentar habitual de vitaminas com ação antioxidante em idosos, considerando-se a inexistência de estudos. Material e Métodos: Adotou-se delineamento epidemiológico transversal, utilizando-se amostragem de uma população idosa, envolvendo 174 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, de diferentes condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, como obesidade, hipertensão e diabetes. Resultados: Para verificar a correlação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Houve correlação negativa entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina E (r = -0,29, p = 0,0316), ß-caroteno (r = -0,32, p = 0,0189), leucócito e vitamina A (r = -0,36, p= 0,0062), e correlação entre os valores de leucócito e vitamina C, como também entre PCR-us e o consumo alimentar habitual dessas vitaminas. Conclusão: Com base nas correlações encontradas entre os valores de leucócitos e as vitaminas mencionadas, a ingestão dessas vitaminas, seria ainda mais justificada, considerando-se também, a sua importância na adequação dos valores de leucócitos. (AU)
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte counts and ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the usual dietary intake of vitamins with antioxidant action in the elderly. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a sample of 174 individuals aged 60 years and over, from different socioeconomic and health conditions, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Results: To verify the correlation among the study variables, the Spearman correlation coefficient was utilized. There was a negative correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin E (r = -0.29, p = 0.0316), ß -carotene (r = -0.32, p = 0.0189), as well as vitamin A (r = - 0.36, p = 0.0062). On the other hand, there was a correlation between leukocyte counts and the intake of vitamin C as well as between the hs-CRP and the usual intake of these vitamins. Conclusion: Based on the correlations found, the intake of these vitamins would be more justified considering their importance in the adaptability of leukocyte counts. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso , Proteína C-Reativa , Leucócitos , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação do retinol sérico, proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us) e a ingestão de fibras alimentares em uma população de idosos hipertensos. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 170 idosos com idade entre 60 e 90 anos, de ambos os sexos, de uma cidade do Nordeste do Brasil. Para as análises bioquímicas, as concentrações de retinol sérico e PCR-us foram analisadas e um questionário quantitativo de frequência de alimentar auto-administrado foi coletado. Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão: idosos de 60 a 90 anos que residiam na cidade de João Pessoa e hipertensão auto-relatada. Os critérios de exclusão foram indivíduos com transtornos neuropsiquiátricos e indivíduos que relataram suplementação de vitamina A, carotenóides ou suplementos de fibras. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Wilcoxon, teste exato de Fisher e análise de regressão logística. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas com o Software R Development Core Team. Resultados: Não foram observadas relações significativas entre hipertensão arterial e níveis séricos de retinol (p = 0,4325), níveis de PCR (p = 0,4104) e consumo de fibra alimentar (p = 0,0935). Com base na regressão logística, cada aumento de 1 unidade no índice de massa corporal (IMC) aumenta a probabilidade de hipertensão em 0,009545%. As outras variáveis não contribuíram para o modelo de regressão final. Conclusão: Considerando a alta prevalência de indivíduos hipertensos com valores adequados de retinol, não houve associação entre retinol sérico, níveis de PCR e ingestão de fibra. A maioria dos participantes apresentou níveis normais de PCR-us, que podem ter sido influenciados pela atividade antioxidante do retinol e pela ingestão inadequada de fibras. (AU)
Objective: To investigate the association between serum retinol, highlsensitivityC- reactive protein (hs-CRP) and dietary fiber intake in a population of hypertensive elderlies. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional population-based study with170 elderly people aged 60-90 years, of both sexes, from a city in northeastern Brazil. Biochemical analyses were performed, in which serum retinol and hs- CRP concentrations were analyzed, and a self-administered quantitative food frequency questionnaire was applied. Inclusion criteria were: 60-90 years old, living in the city of Joao Pessoa, and selfreported hypertension. Exclusion criteria were: individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders, and individuals who reported supplementation of vitamin A, carotenoids or fiber supplements. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis. All statistical analyses were performed with the R Development Core Team Software. Results: No significant relationships were observed between hypertension and serum retinol levels (p = 0.4325), hs-CRP levels (p = 0.4104) and dietary fiber intake (p = 0.0935). Based on logistic regression, each 1 unit increase in body mass index (BMI) increases the probability of hypertension by 0.009545%. The other variables did not contribute to the final regression model. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of hypertensive individuals with adequate retinolvalues, there was no association between serum retinol, CRP levels and fiber intake. The majority of participants had normal hs-CRP levels, which may have been influenced by the antioxidant activity of retinol and inadequate fiber intake. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteína C-Reativa , Vitamina A , Idoso , Fibras na Dieta , HipertensãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Studies of genes that play an important role in the development of obesity are needed, especially studies focusing on genes that regulate food intake and affect nutrient metabolism. For example, the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) responds to noradrenaline and mediates lipolysis in adipocytes. METHODS: This was a controlled intervention study involving 40 overweight and obese adult women in which food intake, anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyses, and methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene were evaluated before and after intervention. The individuals were randomized into four groups: group 1 (G1) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 µg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; group 2 (G2) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 191 µg/day of folate and 1 placebo capsule; group 3 (G3) received 300 g of vegetables and legumes containing on average 90 µg/day of folate and 1 hazelnut oil capsule; and individuals in group 4 (G4) were only followed-up and maintained their regular dietary habits. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t test and simple regression, using STATA 13 software. RESULTS: In the total sample, after the intervention, the women classified as overweight and obese did not present weight loss, and there was a reduction in the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effect of the intake of a hazelnut capsule on the methylation levels of the ADRB3 gene was demonstrated for the first time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 02846025.
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Metilação de DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/genética , Adulto , Corylus/química , Método Duplo-Cego , Epigênese Genética/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/farmacologia , Humanos , Lipídeos/análise , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/genética , Sobrepeso/genética , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism for regulating the transcription of many genes and has been linked to the development of various diseases. A promising gene to investigate is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), since the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) promotes methyl radical synthesis in the homocysteine cycle and can provide methyl groups for DNA methylation. In addition, several studies have correlated gene polymorphisms of this enzyme with a greater risk of diabetes, but little is known regarding the relationship between epigenetic changes in this gene and diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between methylation profile in the MTHFR gene promoter and biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who have been diagnosed for 5-10 years with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy (DN). METHODS: Specific PCR for methylation (MSP) was used to analyze MTHFR methylation profile in leucocytes DNA. Biochemical markers (glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, serum creatinine), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant and malonaldehyde) were determined in peripheric blood samples and microalbuminuria in 24 h urine samples. The X2 and Mann-Whitney statistical tests were performed and p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The hypermethylated profile was most frequently observed in individuals with retinopathy (p < 0.01) and was associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL levels (p = 0.0046, 0.0267, respectively). Individuals with DN and hypermethylated profiles had higher levels of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (p = 0.0080) and total antioxidant capacity (p = 0.0169) compared to subjects without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Hypermethylation in the promoter of the MTHFR gene is associated with the occurrence of DR and with biochemical, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in the context of chronic complications.
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OBJECTIVE: In Brazil, demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological changes over time have led to a transition in nutritional standards, resulting in a gradual reduction of malnutrition and an increased prevalence of overweight and obese individuals, similar to the situation in developed countries in previous decades. This study assessed the body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of an overweight status and obesity, adjusted for various factors, in a population in northeastern Brazil including all age groups. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study using single sampling procedure composed of levels. Given the heterogeneity of the variable "income" and the relationship between income, prevalence of diseases and nutrition, a stratified sampling on blocks in the first level was used. In this, city districts were classified by income into 10 strata, according to information obtained from IBGE. A systematic sampling was applied on randomly selected blocks in order to choose the residences that would be part of the sample (second level), including 1165 participants from all age groups. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The prevalence of an overweight status or obesity was adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables. When the Chi-square test was applied, a relationship was observed between the prevalence of an overweight status or obesity and the age group, gender, educational level and income of the participants. Regarding lifestyle parameters, only smoking was associated with the prevalence of an overweight status or obesity, in both adults and in the total sample. The results for the following groups were significant (p < 0.05): the age group from 20 to 59 years, when the individual presented an educational level greater than or equal to high school; and the age group ≥ 60 years, when the individual was female. It is noteworthy that educational level and being female were significant in adjusting for the total population as major factors influencing an increased BMI, followed by the variables physical activity and family income. CONCLUSIONS: The adjusted results justify the adoption of intervention and prevention policies to combat these clinical conditions for the study population as a whole, particularly directed toward adults with higher education level as well as elderly females.
Assuntos
Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cidades/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Renda , Lactente , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre consumo habitual de cálcio e sódio e indicadores antropométricos (IA) de obesidade. Materiais e Métodos: Foram entrevistadas 49mulheres entre 20 e 59 anos. Um questionário contendo informações sócio-econômicas, de morbidades e atividade física foi aplicado previamente à avaliação dietética e antropométrica. O inquérito alimentar foi realizado por meio de questionário de frequência alimentar. Os IA utilizados foram: índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura e relação cintura-quadril. A correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis antropométricase alimentares. Para a comparação entre grupos, foi utilizadaa análise de variância simples para variáveis contínuas e o teste do qui-quadrado para variáveis categóricas. Resultados:Verificou-se associação entre a ingestão de cálcio e sódio com a ingestão calórica (r=0,80, r=0,96, p<0,05; respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças quando a amostra foi definida por grupos de ingestão de cálcio para o IMC [≥600mg (IMC= 31,9 ± 8,4)]; [400-599mg (IMC= 41 ± 12)];[≤399mg (IMC= 43 ± 15,4)]; e, posteriormente, por grupos de ingestão de sódio para o IMC [≥2300mg (IMC= 30,4 ± 6,8)];[1300-2299mg (IMC= 33 ± 8,25)]; [≤1299mg (IMC= 29,2 ±6,4)] (p>0,05). A ingestão calórica diferiu entre os grupos definidos pela ingestão de cálcio (≥600mg, 2058 ± 849,8;400-599mg, 1281 ± 373,6; ≤399mg, 982 ± 330,8) e sódio(≥2300mg, 2569,4 ± 1024; 1300-2299mg, 1438 ± 223,3;≤1299mg, 924,4 ± 276,8) (p<0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo não revelou associação entre consumo de cálcio e sódio e IA.
Objective: To evaluate the association between intake ofcalcium and sodium and anthropometric indicators (AI) ofobesity. Material and Methods: Women (n=49) aged between20 and 59 years were interviewed. A questionnaire aboutsocio-economic, morbidity and physical activity wasapplied. Dietary survey was conducted through aquestionnaire of food consumption frequency. The AIemployed were: body mass index, waist circumference andwaist-hip ratio. Pearson correlation was used to evaluatethe association between anthropometric variables and food.For comparison between groups, it was used simple analysisof variance for continuous variables and chi-square test forcategorical variables. Results: Although there was noassociation between consumption of calcium and sodiumwith AI, it was found strong association between intake ofthose nutrients and caloric intake (r = 0.80, r = 0.96, p <0.05,respectively). No differences were observed when thesample was defined by groups of calcium intake for BMI[≥600 mg (BMI= 31.9 ± 8.4)], [400-599mg (BMI= 41 ± 12)], [≤399mg (BMI= 43 ± 15.4)], and then by groups of sodium intakefor BMI [≥2300mg (BMI= 30.4 ± 6.8)], [1300-2299mg (BMI= 33± 8.25)], [≤1299mg (BMI= 29.2 ± 6.4)] (p> 0.05). The caloricintake differed among groups defined by the intake of calcium(≥600 mg, 2058 ± 849.8, 400-599mg, 1281 ± 373.6; ≤399mg,982 ± 330.8) and sodium (≥2300mg, 2569.4 ± 1024, 1300-2299mg, 1438 ± 223.3; ≤1299mg, 924.4 ± 276.8) (p <0.05).Conclusion: This study revealed no association betweencalcium and sodium intake and AI.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Cálcio , Obesidade , Sódio , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou o consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina E em crianças do município de João Pessoa, Nordeste-Brasil. Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base populacional, representativo do referido município foi realizado em 170 crianças de idade entre 2 e 10 anos. Foram coletados os dados antropométricos e do consumo alimentar por meio de Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar, previamente validado para a população desse município. O consumo de vitamina E foi avaliado pelo software Dietsys 3.0. Observou-se maior frequência de crianças com peso adequado (59,4), seguido de 20 com obesidade e 13 com sobrepeso. Houve maior frequência de crianças com consumo de vitamina E abaixo da necessidade média estimada (62,4). As crianças que apresentaram ingestão adequada de vitamina E consumiram mais iogurte, tortas e bolos, e aquelas com o inadequado consumiram mais margarina. Na amostra total, os produtos fonte de vitamina E mais consumidos foram iogurte, waffles, tortas, bolos, batatas fritas, óleos e margarina. Conclui-se que >50 das crianças analisadas apresentam baixo consumo de vitamina E, sendo necessária a implementação de estratégias para aumentar a disponibilidade de alimentos menos calóricos, considerando-se a elevada prevalência de obesidade e sobrepeso observada, e mais ricos em vitamina E para essa população.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ingestão de Alimentos , Vitamina E , Estudos Populacionais em Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Este estudo avaliou o consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina E em crianças do município de João Pessoa, Nordeste-Brasil. Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base populacional, representativo do referido município foi realizado em 170 crianças de idade entre 2 e 10 anos. Foram coletados os dados antropométricos e do consumo alimentar por meio de Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar, previamente validado para a população desse município. O consumo de vitamina E foi avaliado pelo software Dietsys 3.0. Observou-se maior frequência de crianças com peso adequado (59,4), seguido de 20 com obesidade e 13 com sobrepeso. Houve maior frequência de crianças com consumo de vitamina E abaixo da necessidade média estimada (62,4). As crianças que apresentaram ingestão adequada de vitamina E consumiram mais iogurte, tortas e bolos, e aquelas com o inadequado consumiram mais margarina. Na amostra total, os produtos fonte de vitamina E mais consumidos foram iogurte, waffles, tortas, bolos, batatas fritas, óleos e margarina. Conclui-se que >50 das crianças analisadas apresentam baixo consumo de vitamina E, sendo necessária a implementação de estratégias para aumentar a disponibilidade de alimentos menos calóricos, considerando-se a elevada prevalência de obesidade e sobrepeso observada, e mais ricos em vitamina E para essa população.