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Introducción: La hipertensión arterial pulmonar es una enfermedad con una baja incidencia en la gestante, aunque trae consigo una alta mortalidad una vez presentada. Un diagnóstico oportuno y un manejo perioperatorio adecuado minimizan el riesgo de desenlace fatal tanto para la madre como el feto. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar en la gestante a término y su conducción anestésica. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 23 años, antecedentes de salud, edad gestacional de 35.2 semanas. Luego de presentar dolor de espalda y ardor en el pecho relacionado con el esfuerzo, palpitaciones, disnea y bloqueo de rama derecha en electrocardiograma, se ingresa en UTI con sospecha de tromboembolismo pulmonar, el cual queda descartado tras diagnóstico confirmatorio de hipertensión pulmonar después de realizar angio TAC y ecocardiografía. Se decide realizar cesárea programada bajo técnica regional peridural, sin complicaciones tanto para la madre como el niño. Después de 2 días bajo vigilancia intensiva se traslada a su centro hospitalario de cabecera. Conclusiones: La vía del parto, así como una elección adecuada de la técnica anestésica, puede ser la diferencia entre el éxito y la fatalidad. Las técnicas regionales suelen recomendarse por encima de la técnica de anestesia general siempre que no se presenten contraindicaciones(AU)

Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a disease with low incidence in the pregnant woman, although it brings about high mortality once presented. Timely diagnosis and adequate perioeprative management minimize the risk of fatal outcome for both mother and fetus. Objective: To describe pulmonary arterial hypertension and its anesthetic management in the term pregnant woman. Case presentation: 23-year-old female patient, with health history and gestational age of 35.2 weeks. After presenting back pain and chest burning associated with exertion, palpitations, dyspnea and right bundle branch block in the electrocardiogram, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism, which was ruled out due to the confirmatory diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension after performing computerized tomography angiography and echocardiography. Scheduled cesarean section was decided to be perform using the regional peridural technique, without complications for both the mother and the child. After two days under intensive surveillance, she was transferred to her primary hospital. Conclusions: The route of delivery, as well as an adequate choice of the anesthetic technique, can be the difference between success and fatality. Regional techniques are usually recommended over the general anesthesia technique, as long as there are no contraindications(AU)

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Introducción: El trauma es considerado un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. También es causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en el mundo. Objetivo: Identificar factores de riesgo y causas de mortalidad en pacientes politraumatizados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en pacientes politraumatizados mayores de 18 años intervenidos quirúrgicamente en la unidad de urgencias del Hospital Universitario General Calixto García durante un año de observación. Se describieron variables sociodemográficas, se estimaron los tiempos de atención médica inicial y se describió la condición clínica del paciente al llegar al quirófano. Igualmente se relacionó la aparición de muerte con el trauma predominante y otros factores perioperatorios. Se utilizaron procederes estadísticos univariados para factores de riesgo y análisis multivariado para predecir factores pronósticos de mortalidad. Resultados: Hubo una asociación significativa entre mortalidad y presencia de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial como enfermedades asociadas; entre el trauma múltiple con trauma craneoencefálico, la presencia de shock hipovolémico, uso de aminas y Glasgow por debajo de ocho al llegar al quirófano, así como la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, hipertensión endocraneal e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda como complicaciones perioperatorias. Como factores pronósticos de muerte se identificaron el shock hipovolémico, la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y el menor Glasgow. Conclusiones: Se identificaron nueve factores de riesgo con significación estadística y tres factores pronósticos de riesgo independiente para mortalidad en pacientes politraumatizados(AU)

Introduction: Trauma is considered a public health problem worldwide. It is also an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Objective: To identify risk factors and causes of death in polytraumatized patients. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out in polytraumatized patients aged more than 18 years and surgically treated in the emergency unit of General Calixto García University Hospital during one year of observation. Sociodemographic variables were described, initial medical attention times were estimated, and the patient's clinical condition was described upon arrival at the operating room. The occurrence of death was considered based on its association with the predominant trauma and other perioperative factors. Univariate statistical procedures were used for risk factors. Multivariate analysis was used to predict prognostic factors for mortality. Results: There was a significant association between mortality and presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension as associated diseases; as well as between multiple trauma with cranioencephalic trauma, the presence of hypovolemic shock, use of amines and Glasgow score below eight on arrival at the operating room, as well as the systemic inflammatory response, intracranial hypertension and acute respiratory failure as perioperative complications. Prognostic factors for death were hypovolemic shock, the systemic inflammatory response and lower Glasgow score. Conclusions: We identified nine risk factors with statistical significance and three prognostic factors of independent risk for mortality in polytraumatized patients(AU)

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The cerebellar flocculus is a critical structure involved in the control of eye movements. Both static and dynamic abnormalities of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) have been described in animals with experimental lesions of the flocculus/paraflocculus complex. In humans, lesions restricted to the flocculus are rare so they can become an exceptional model to contrast with the clinical features in experimental animals or in patients with more generalized cerebellar diseases. Here, we examined a 67-year-old patient with an acute vestibular syndrome due to an isolated infarct of the right flocculus. We evaluated him multiple times over 6 months-to follow the changes in eye movements and vestibular function-with caloric testing, video-oculography and head-impulse testing, and the anatomical changes on imaging. Acutely, he had an ipsilateral-beating spontaneous nystagmus, bilateral gaze-evoked nystagmus, borderline impaired smooth pursuit, and a complete contraversive ocular tilt reaction. The VOR gain was reduced for head impulses directed contralateral to the lesion, and there was also an ipsilesional caloric weakness. All abnormalities progressively improved at follow-up visits but with a considerable reduction in volume of the affected flocculus on imaging. The vestibular and ocular motor findings, qualitatively similar to a previously reported patient, further clarify the "acute floccular syndrome" in humans. We also add new information about the pattern of recovery from such a lesion with corresponding changes in the size of the affected flocculus on imaging.

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The head impulse, nystagmus type, test of skew (HINTS) protocol set a new paradigm to differentiate peripheral vestibular disease from stroke in patients with acute vestibular syndrome (AVS). The relationship between degree of truncal ataxia and stroke has not been systematically studied in patients with AVS. We studied a group of 114 patients who were admitted to a General Hospital due to AVS, 72 of them with vestibular neuritis (based on positive head impulse, abnormal caloric tests, and negative MRI) and the rest with stroke: 32 in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territory (positive HINTS findings, positive MRI) and 10 in the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory (variable findings and grade 3 ataxia, positive MRI). Truncal ataxia was measured by independent observers as grade 1, mild to moderate imbalance with walking independently; grade 2, severe imbalance with standing, but cannot walk without support; and grade 3, falling at upright posture. When we applied the HINTS protocol to our sample, we obtained 100% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity, similar to previously published findings. Only those patients with stroke presented with grade 3 ataxia. Of those with grade 2 ataxia (n = 38), 11 had cerebellar stroke and 28 had vestibular neuritis, not related to the patient's age. Grade 2-3 ataxia was 92.9% sensitive and 61.1% specific to detect AICA/PICA stroke in patients with AVS, with 100% sensitivity to detect AICA stroke. In turn, two signs (nystagmus of central origin and grade 2-3 Ataxia) had 100% sensitivity and 61.1% specificity. Ataxia is less sensitive than HINTS but much easier to evaluate.