RESUMO

A interação do ser humano com seus diversos ambientes vem sendo investigada pela psicologia ambiental, que estuda a influência mútua de fatores ambientais e comportamentais. Este artigo concentra-se na importante e conhecida relação entre a qualidade dos ambientes e a saúde humana. Trata-se de estudo teórico relativo a três temáticas: desenvolvimento de apropriação e apego em ambientes construídos; influência dos fenômenos territorialidade/privacidade na atenção à saúde mental, e aspectos psicofisiológicos da interação pessoa-ambiente virtual. Importantes indicadores relacionaram a redução das opções de apropriação dos ambientes ao adoecimento. Igualmente, identificou-se que a atenção integral à saúde requer um olhar específico sobre as particularidades das relações humano-ambientais aí estabelecidas. Por fim, face à crescente exposição aos ambientes virtuais, viu-se a necessidade de maior compreensão da psicofisiologia própria dessas interações. Procurando ampliar o conhecimento dos fenômenos psicológicos nas interações humano-ambientais, este artigo oportuniza um panorama de contribuições teóricas diversas na literatura científica recente.

Human interaction with their environments has been investigated by environmental psychology, which studies the mutual influence of environmental and behavioral factors. This article focuses on important relationship between the quality of environments and human health. It's a theoretical study about three themes: development of ownership and attachment in built environments; influence of the phenomena territoriality/privacy in the care of mental health, and psychophysiology aspects of the person-virtual environment interaction. Important indicators related the reduction of the options of ownership of environments to illness. Also, it was identified that health care requires a specific look on the particularities of human-environmental relationships established. Finally, given the increasing exposure to virtual environments, it was realized the need for greater understanding of the psychophysiology of these interactions. Looking for expanding the knowledge of the psychological phenomena in human-environmental interactions, this article provides an overview of theoretical contributions in several recent scientific literature.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A interação do ser humano com seus diversos ambientes vem sendo investigada pela psicologia ambiental, que estuda a influência mútua de fatores ambientais e comportamentais. Este artigo concentra-se na importante e conhecida relação entre a qualidade dos ambientes e a saúde humana. Trata-se de estudo teórico relativo a três temáticas: desenvolvimento de apropriação e apego em ambientes construídos; influência dos fenômenos territorialidade/privacidade na atenção à saúde mental, e aspectos psicofisiológicos da interação pessoa-ambiente virtual. Importantes indicadores relacionaram a redução das opções de apropriação dos ambientes ao adoecimento. Igualmente, identificou-se que a atenção integral à saúde requer um olhar específico sobre as particularidades das relações humano-ambientais aí estabelecidas. Por fim, face à crescente exposição aos ambientes virtuais, viu-se a necessidade de maior compreensão da psicofisiologia própria dessas interações. Procurando ampliar o conhecimento dos fenômenos psicológicos nas interações humano-ambientais, este artigo oportuniza um panorama de contribuições teóricas diversas na literatura científica recente.(AU)

Human interaction with their environments has been investigated by environmental psychology, which studies the mutual influence of environmental and behavioral factors. This article focuses on important relationship between the quality of environments and human health. It's a theoretical study about three themes: development of ownership and attachment in built environments; influence of the phenomena territoriality/privacy in the care of mental health, and psychophysiology aspects of the person-virtual environment interaction. Important indicators related the reduction of the options of ownership of environments to illness. Also, it was identified that health care requires a specific look on the particularities of human-environmental relationships established. Finally, given the increasing exposure to virtual environments, it was realized the need for greater understanding of the psychophysiology of these interactions. Looking for expanding the knowledge of the psychological phenomena in human-environmental interactions, this article provides an overview of theoretical contributions in several recent scientific literature.(AU)

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RESUMO

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a validação da escala PCL-C para o rastreamento do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático entre vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Participaram, 114 pessoas, que responderam à escala composta por 17 itens, divididos em três dimensões. Verificou-se a consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach com um valor de 0,94. A análise fatorial exploratória, abrangendo a análise dos componentes principais e cargas fatoriais, com normalização Kaiser e rotação ortogonal pelo método oblimin, indicou que o construto da escala é unidimensional. Para adequação do ponto de corte realizou-se análise de sensibilidade e especificidade por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). O ponto de corte que obteve maior sensibilidade (1) foi 68 pontos com uma especificidade de 0,842, mostrando-se o mais adequado para a discriminação do transtorno. A escala PCL-C apresentou qualidades psicométricas confiáveis para ser utilizada como um instrumento para o rastreamento do transtorno.

The study evaluates the validity of the PCL-C scale for screening victims of traffic accidents for post-traumatic stress disorder. One hundred and fourteen victims of traffic accidents participated in this study by completing the scale comprising 17 items, divided into three criteria related to the traumatic event. The Cronbach coefficient was used in order to verify the internal consistency with a value of 0.94. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out to verify the construct validity, including the analysis of the main components and factor loadings with Kaiser normalization and orthogonal rotation by the oblimin method. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicate that de construct is one-dimensional. For the suitability of the cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity analysis was carried out through the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The cutoff point which obtained the greatest sensitivity (1) was 68 points with specificity of 0.842, this being the most suitable value for the identification of the disorder. The scale for the screening of post-traumatic stress disorder showed reliable psychometric qualities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a validação da escala PCL-C para o rastreamento do transtorno do estresse pós-traumático entre vítimas de acidentes de trânsito. Participaram, 114 pessoas, que responderam à escala composta por 17 itens, divididos em três dimensões. Verificou-se a consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach com um valor de 0,94. A análise fatorial exploratória, abrangendo a análise dos componentes principais e cargas fatoriais, com normalização Kaiser e rotação ortogonal pelo método oblimin, indicou que o construto da escala é unidimensional. Para adequação do ponto de corte realizou-se análise de sensibilidade e especificidade por meio da curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). O ponto de corte que obteve maior sensibilidade (1) foi 68 pontos com uma especificidade de 0,842, mostrando-se o mais adequado para a discriminação do transtorno. A escala PCL-C apresentou qualidades psicométricas confiáveis para ser utilizada como um instrumento para o rastreamento do transtorno.(AU)

The study evaluates the validity of the PCL-C scale for screening victims of traffic accidents for post-traumatic stress disorder. One hundred and fourteen victims of traffic accidents participated in this study by completing the scale comprising 17 items, divided into three criteria related to the traumatic event. The Cronbach coefficient was used in order to verify the internal consistency with a value of 0.94. The exploratory factor analysis was carried out to verify the construct validity, including the analysis of the main components and factor loadings with Kaiser normalization and orthogonal rotation by the oblimin method. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicate that de construct is one-dimensional. For the suitability of the cutoff point, sensitivity and specificity analysis was carried out through the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The cutoff point which obtained the greatest sensitivity (1) was 68 points with specificity of 0.842, this being the most suitable value for the identification of the disorder. The scale for the screening of post-traumatic stress disorder showed reliable psychometric qualities.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study investigated alterations in heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance before and after physical effort, for 30 high-level track and field athletes (23 males and 7 females). Interbeat intervals were assessed at the baseline and during each task of a CogState cognitive battery (simple reaction time, choice reaction time, working memory, short-term memory and sustained attention). Time and frequency domain measures of HRV were compared between conditions and between tasks. The results indicated differences in HRV between executive and non-executive tasks. There was a significant increase in sympathetic-modulation-related indices after physical effort. The differences between executive and non-executive tasks were the same in post-test. Correlations were found between HRV and cognitive performance, which differed by speed and accuracy. We conclude that HRV is related to cognitive demand and that the correlation between HRV and cognitive performance seems to be stronger after physical exercise. The results raise questions about the psychophysiological meaning of different HRV signals and this has implications for future research about the relationship between HRV and cognition.

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A síndrome do excesso de treinamento tem uma grande relevância no âmbito esportivo, principalmente no que se refere a atletas de elite que buscam superar seus limites e àqueles que se submetem à prática de atividade física sem orientação especializada. O uso periódico do instrumento POMS, Perfil dos Estados de Humor, tem demonstrado eficácia na detecção de sinais iniciais da síndrome, prevenindo seu desenvolvimento completo. Em 2003, uma de suas versões abreviadas, passou a se denominar BRUMS, Escala de Humor de Brunel. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar a escala traduzida para a língua portuguesa juntamente com os dados obtidos em atletas brasileiros, referentes à primeira etapa do seu processo de validação no Brasil. O instrumento foi submetido ao método tradução-tradução reversa. A amostra foi composta por 34 atletas de futebol profissional, do gênero masculino, adolescentes e adultos. A aplicação do instrumento foi efetuada antes e depois de um treino com cargas moderadas e antes e depois de um jogo com cargas de alta intensidade. Para verificar a sensibilidade do BRUMS nas duas situações, foi realizado um teste t de student, entre pré e pós de cada variável, e aplicado uma correlação linear de Pearson, para verificar a relação entre os estados de humor. Os resultados indicaram que a raiva e a confusão mental reduziram significativamente (p<0,05) no treino moderado (adolescentes) e que a depressão, vigor, fadiga e confusão mental aumentaram significativamente no jogo de alta intensidade (adultos). Para verificar a consistência do resultado obtido pelo BRUMS foi realizada uma entrevista semi estruturada junto aos atletas. Os relatos dos atletas em relação às situações de treino e jogo ajudaram a explicar os resultados do BRUMS. Nessa primeira etapa da validação, o instrumento BRUMS mostrou-se sensível e fidedigno na avaliação de estados de humor.

The overtraining syndrome has a great relevance in the sportive scope, mainly as for elite athletes who search to transcend their limits and for those who submit to physical activity practice without specialized orientation. The periodic use of the POMS instrument, Profile of Mood States, has demonstrated effectiveness in the detection of the syndrome’s initial signals, preventing its complete development. In 2003, one of its shortened versions, started to be called BRUMS, Brunel Mood Scale. The objective of this work is to present the scale translated into Portuguese language together with the data from Brazilian athletes referring to the first stage of its validation process in Brazil. The instrument was submitted to the translation-back translation method. The sample was composed for 34 male professional soccer players, adolescents and adults. The application of the instrument was conducted before and after training with moderate loads and before and after a game with high intensity loads. In order to verify the sensibility of the BRUMS in both situations, a t -student test was performed between before and after each variable and Pearson linear correlation was applied to verify the relationship between the moods. The results have indicated that anger and mental confusion significantly reduced (p<0.05) in moderate training (adolescents) and depression, vigor, fatigue and mental confusion have significantly increased in the high intensity game (adults). In order to verify the consistency of the result gotten by BRUMS a semi-structuralized interview was conducted with the athletes. The athletes’ reports concerning training and game situations helped to explain the results of the BRUMS. In this first stage of the validation, the BRUMS instrument was sensitive and trustworthy in the moods evaluation.

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OBJETIVO: Traduzir a Escala de Estresse Percebido para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e verificar sua validade para mensurar o estresse percebido de idosos brasileiros. MÉTODOS: A escala foi traduzida e testada em sua versão completa, com 14 questões e na reduzida, com dez questões. A tradução obedeceu às etapas de tradução, tradução reversa e revisão por um comitê. A escala traduzida foi aplicada, por meio de entrevista, a 76 idosos com idade média de 70,04 anos (DP=6,34; mín: 60; máx: 84). A consistência interna foi verificada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e a validade de construto, por análise fatorial exploratória com rotação ortogonal pelo método varimax. As médias das versões completa e reduzida foram analisadas comparando o estresse percebido em função da auto-avaliação da saúde, nível econômico percebido, estado civil, condições de residência, entre outras. RESULTADOS: Quanto à confiabilidade, a versão completa apresentou consistência interna semelhante (r=0,82) à reduzida (r=0,83). A análise fatorial revelou a existência de dois fatores para a completa e um para a reduzida. A questão 12 apresentou as menores cargas fatoriais. Ao analisar a possibilidade de a escala diferenciar o estresse percebido em função das variáveis, verificou-se que a versão completa obteve maiores diferenças no estresse do que a reduzida. CONCLUSÕES: A Escala de Estresse Percebido mostrou-se clara e confiável para mensurar o estresse percebido de idosos brasileiros, apresentando qualidades psicométricas adequadas.

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Perceived Stress Scale into Brazilian Portuguese, and to assess its validity for measuring perceived stress of Brazilian elderly. METHODS: The scale was translated and tested in its full version including 14 questions and in a shortened version including ten questions. The whole translation process consisted of translation, back-translation and committee review. The translated version was applied, by means of interview, to 76 elders aged on average 70.04 years (SD=6.34; range: 60-84). The internal consistency was verified by means of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the construct validity was analyzed by means of factorial exploratory analysis with varimax rotation. Full and shortened score means were analyzed comparing the perceived stress in terms of self-assessment of health, perceived socioeconomic condition, marital status, and living conditions, among others. RESULTS: As for reliability, the full version has showed similar internal consistency (r=0.82) compared to the shortened one (r=0.83). The factorial analysis found two factors for the full and one factor for the shortened scale. Question 12 showed the lowest factorial loads. When analyzing PSS likelihood of differentiating the perceived stress in terms of the study variables, it was found the full scale had greater differences in perceived stress than the shortened scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Perceived Stress Scale proved to be a clear and reliable tool to measure the perceived stress of Brazilian elderly, showing suitable psychometric performance.

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Perceived Stress Scale into Brazilian Portuguese, and to assess its validity for measuring perceived stress of Brazilian elderly. METHODS: The scale was translated and tested in its full version including 14 questions and in a shortened version including ten questions. The whole translation process consisted of translation, back-translation and committee review. The translated version was applied, by means of interview, to 76 elders aged on average 70.04 years (SD=6.34; range: 60-84). The internal consistency was verified by means of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the construct validity was analyzed by means of factorial exploratory analysis with varimax rotation. Full and shortened score means were analyzed comparing the perceived stress in terms of self-assessment of health, perceived socioeconomic condition, marital status, and living conditions, among others. RESULTS: As for reliability, the full version has showed similar internal consistency (r=0.82) compared to the shortened one (r=0.83). The factorial analysis found two factors for the full and one factor for the shortened scale. Question 12 showed the lowest factorial loads. When analyzing PSS likelihood of differentiating the perceived stress in terms of the study variables, it was found the full scale had greater differences in perceived stress than the shortened scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Perceived Stress Scale proved to be a clear and reliable tool to measure the perceived stress of Brazilian elderly, showing suitable psychometric performance.

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