RESUMO
Existen más de 400 millones de mujeres alrededor del mundo con diferentes discapacidades, de las cuales el 80% vive en países en desarrollo (UN, 2008). El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los significados que han construido las mujeres con discapacidad en torno a su condición y las prácticas que realizan en relación con su inclusión y sus derechos. Se realizó un estudio mixto, en el que participaron 200 mujeres con discapacidad física que respondieron a dos cuestionarios, uno socio-demográfico y otro de calidad de vida. Se desarrollaron dos grupos focales y ocho entrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de participantes tienen un significado positivo de la discapacidad, la diferencian de la enfermedad, son independientes en sus actividades cotidianas, cuentan con escasa información sobre sus derechos, los mecanismos y escenarios para ejercerlos. Los resultados permiten formular recomendaciones para mejorar la inclusión social de mujeres con discapacidad.
Worldwide there are over 400 million women with some form of disability, and of these, 80% live in developing countries (U.N, 2008). With its focus on social inclusion and rights the present study aimed to examine the meanings which disabled women ascribe to their condition and the activities they engage in. The procedure was based on mixed methods and the sample comprised 200 women with a physical disability who responded to two questionnaires, one socio-demographic and ano-ther concerning quality of life. Two focus groups were created and eight in-depth interviews were conducted. The results showed that most of the participants ascribed a positive meaning to their disability and did not regard it as an illness. They were independent as regards daily activities but had limited information about their rights, as well as about the mechanisms and social spheres through or in which such rights might be exercised. The findings enable recommendations to be made regarding how to improve the social inclusion of women with disability
Assuntos
Humanos , Mulheres , Direitos Humanos , Características Culturais , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The WHOQOL-BREF is a generic questionnaire to measure quality of life created by the Study Group on Quality of Life of the World Health Organization. AIM: To adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in a group of Chilean older subjects living in Metropolitan Santiago. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A linguistic-cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF was performed and tested in a pilot study. Subsequently, the modified scale was applied to a group of 1186 older women aged 72 ± 8 years and 334 men aged 72 ± 7 years. The psychometric properties such as internal consistency, item-total correlation of responses, and construct validity were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to check if the dimensions described in the original version, were evaluated. Analyses were performed with STA-TA statistical software 10.0 and LISREL 8.50. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the dimensions physical health, psychological, social relationships and environment, described by the authors in their original description, were maintained. The instrument had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.88 for the total scale and ranging from 0.70 to 0.79 in each of the dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated version of the WHOQOL-BREF has an acceptable reliability and validity, and suggests that it is suitable for the assessment of Quality of Life in elderly people in Chile.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Idoso , Chile , Características Culturais , Feminino , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TraduçõesRESUMO
Background: The WHOQOL-BREF is a generic questionnaire to measure quality of life created by the Study Group on Quality of Life of the World Health Organization. Aim: To adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument in a group of Chilean older subjects living in Metropolitan Santiago. Material and Methods: A linguistic-cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the WHOQOL-BREF was performed and tested in a pilot study. Subsequently, the modified scale was applied to a group of 1186 older women aged 72 ± 8 years and 334 men aged 72 ± 7 years. The psychometric properties such as internal consistency, item-total correlation of responses, and construct validity were evaluated. A confirmatory factor analysis was done to check if the dimensions described in the original version, were evaluated. Analyses were performed with STA-TA statistical software 10.0 and LISREL 8.50. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the dimensionsphysical health, psychological, social relationships and environment, described by the authors in their original description, were maintained. The instrument had a good internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.88 for the total scale and rangingfrom 0.70 to 0.79 in each of the dimensions. Conclusions: The evaluated version of the WHOQOL-BREF has an acceptable reliability and validity, and suggests that it is suitable for the assessment of Quality of Life in elderly people in Chile.
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Chile , Características Culturais , Idioma , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Socioeconômicos , TraduçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: On a worldwide scale, the percentage of the population 60 years of age and older has increased considerably. Factors such as gender disparities, changes in family and social structure, the burden of illness and the risk of disability, among others, have awakened international interest in studying this age group's quality of life (QOL). The objective of the WHOQOL OLD Project was to develop a module for assessing the quality of life of older adults based on the existing WHOQOL OLD questionnaire. METHOD: Twenty three centers worldwide, together with the WHO, took part. Focal groups consisting of older adults, caretakers and professionals were formed. The groups consisted of 4 to 6 participants who spoke openly and freely about their QOL, reviewed the WHOQOL 100 to identify new facets and the facets previously defined as important by participating centers. RESULTS: All the areas of the WHOQOL 100 were considered important for QOL. Six additional facets were identified: sensory abilities; autonomy; past, present and future activities; involvement / withdrawal; death; and intimacy. CONCLUSION: The focus group methodology was useful for identifying the factors that contribute to older adults' quality of life. Developed under international consensus, it allows for QOL assessment from an international perspective.