RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. RESULTS: The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço , Neoplasias Bucais , Brasil , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Metalotioneína/genética , Neoplasias Bucais/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fatores de Risco , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeça e PescoçoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the relative frequency and the main demographic and clinic-radiographic features related to patients diagnosed with Simple bone cyst (SBC) in an Oral Diagnosis Service in Southeast Brazil and present a review and discussion of international literature on this topic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: SBC cases from our service encompassing the period between 1978 and 2017 were selected. In addition, a literature search was performed in the Pubmed/MEDLINE online electronic database published between 1951 and 2019. RESULTS: A total of 2,459 cystic lesions were documented in our service, thus 60 patients were diagnosed with the SBC representing 2.4% of all jaw cystic. Most of cases were asymptomatic. Multiple SBC lesions were seen in two patients (3.4%) and association with cemento-osseous dysplasia was seen in one female patient (1.7%). A total of 793 cases were enrolled in this literature review. CONCLUSIONS: The SBC is an asymptomatic lesion often discovered in routine image exams in young patients. The unilocular, well defined margin with scalloped appearance is characteristic and helps the definition of diagnosis. This review suggests a different epidemiologic trend concerning to the sex and it confirms the posterior region of mandible as the more frequent location. The conservative treatment with limited exploration and curettage remains as the gold-standard treatment.
Assuntos
Cistos Ósseos , Tumores Odontogênicos , Brasil , Feminino , Humanos , Mandíbula , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
Galápagos giant tortoises are an essential component of their ecosystem and evaluation of parasites in their populations is essential for the management of conservation processes. Coccidiosis is the most common intestinal infection in free-living and captive reptiles. The aim of this study was to characterize molecularly the presence of Eimeria sp. in captive reared giant tortoises from Santa Cruz, Santiago, Española, and Pinzon Islands hatched and housed at the tortoise rearing center on Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, by sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. Galápagos. All samples were previously analyzed by coproparasitoscopic flotation technique and PCR for molecular identification. The results obtained by microscopy examination showed oocysts in all samples. PCR and sequencing indicated the presence Eimeria sp., showing a similarity percentage of 98% with Eimeria environmental. In conclusion, we identified a group of coccidia of the genus Eimeria sp. (MK909931) in Galápagos tortoises.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Tartarugas/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Ecossistema , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/genética , IlhasRESUMO
Concepts regarding the best way to treat a surgical wound vary, in literature, ranging from no dressing use to dressing maintenance for 24 to 48 hours or until suture removal. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the length of dressing maintenance after breast augmentation with implants on cutaneous colonization and surgical site infection. This is a two-arm, parallel group, randomized clinical trial. Eighty patients who were candidates for augmentation mammoplasty with silicone implants were randomly allocated to two groups, in which the dressing was removed on postoperative day 1 (group A, n = 40) or postoperative day 6 (group B, n = 40). Cutaneous colonization was examined by culturing samples collected before and after dressing removal. The criteria defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to assess surgical site infection. No significant difference regarding cutaneous colonization was observed between groups before dressing application. On postoperative day 6, significantly more bacterial growth was observed in group A (p = 0.01). No surgical site infection occurred. We concluded that maintaining the dressing for 6 days led to a lower cutaneous colonization but did not influence surgical site infection rates.
Assuntos
Bandagens , Mamoplastia/efeitos adversos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Pele/microbiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/microbiologia , Ferida Cirúrgica/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Implantes de Mama , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Background: Some rural non-Caucasian ethnic groups have genetic protective factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies performed in Mapuche and Aymara ethnic groups in Chile, found significantly lower prevalence rates. Aymaras are the second most common ethnic population in Chile. Aim: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a native Aymara ethnic population. Material and Methods: We studied 276 native Aymara people with a median age of 53 years (63% women), registered in the rural clinics of Camiña and Putre. The frequency of hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity and smoking were determined. Results: The frequency of overweight and obesity was 38% and 38.4% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and DM2 were 18.5% and 6.9% respectively. Thirty-five percent had elevated total cholesterol, 21% had high LDL cholesterol, 48% had low HDL cholesterol and 45.7% had high triglyceride levels. Two percent smoked. Conclusions: In this group of Aymara individuals, we found a markedly lower prevalence of hypertension and DM2, despite the high prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/etnologia , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Chile/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some rural non-Caucasian ethnic groups have genetic protective factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Studies performed in Mapuche and Aymara ethnic groups in Chile, found significantly lower prevalence rates. Aymaras are the second most common ethnic population in Chile. AIM: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a native Aymara ethnic population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 276 native Aymara people with a median age of 53 years (63% women), registered in the rural clinics of Camiña and Putre. The frequency of hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity and smoking were determined. RESULTS: The frequency of overweight and obesity was 38% and 38.4% respectively. The prevalence of hypertension and DM2 were 18.5% and 6.9% respectively. Thirty-five percent had elevated total cholesterol, 21% had high LDL cholesterol, 48% had low HDL cholesterol and 45.7% had high triglyceride levels. Two percent smoked. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of Aymara individuals, we found a markedly lower prevalence of hypertension and DM2, despite the high prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Adulto , Idoso , Chile/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Indígenas Sul-Americanos/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Several physiological processes in the CNS are regulated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoid receptors (CBr) and CBr agonists have been involved in the modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) activation. Glutaric (GA), 3-hydroxyglutaric (3-OHGA), methylmalonic (MMA) and propionic (PA) acids are endogenous metabolites produced and accumulated in the brain of children affected by severe organic acidemias (OAs) with neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity have been involved in the toxic pattern exerted by these organic acids. Studying the early pattern of toxicity exerted by these metabolites is crucial to explain the extent of damage that they can produce in the brain. Herein, we investigated the effects of the synthetic CBr agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) on early markers of GA-, 3-OHGA-, MMA- and PA-induced toxicity in brain synaptosomes from adult (90-day-old) and adolescent (30-day-old) rats. As pre-treatment, WIN exerted protective effects on the GA- and MMA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and prevented the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation induced by all metabolites. Our findings support a protective and modulatory role of cannabinoids in the early toxic events elicited by toxic metabolites involved in OAs.
Assuntos
Ácidos Acíclicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Acíclicos/toxicidade , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Benzoxazinas/farmacologia , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacologia , Glutaril-CoA Desidrogenase/deficiência , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutaratos/metabolismo , Glutaratos/toxicidade , Glutaril-CoA Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ácido Metilmalônico/metabolismo , Ácido Metilmalônico/toxicidade , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Propionatos/metabolismo , Propionatos/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinaptossomos/metabolismoRESUMO
The brain of children affected by organic acidemias develop acute neurodegeneration linked to accumulation of endogenous toxic metabolites like glutaric (GA), 3-hydroxyglutaric (3-OHGA), methylmalonic (MMA) and propionic (PA) acids. Excitotoxic and oxidative events are involved in the toxic patterns elicited by these organic acids, although their single actions cannot explain the extent of brain damage observed in organic acidemias. The characterization of co-adjuvant factors involved in the magnification of early toxic processes evoked by these metabolites is essential to infer their actions in the human brain. Alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) - a metabolic route devoted to degrade tryptophan to form NAD(+) - produce increased levels of the excitotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN), which has been involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Herein we investigated the effects of subtoxic concentrations of GA, 3-OHGA, MMA and PA, either alone or in combination with QUIN, on early toxic endpoints in rat brain synaptosomes. To establish specific mechanisms, we pre-incubated synaptosomes with different protective agents, including the endogenous N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (KA), the antioxidant S-allylcysteine (SAC) and the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). While the incubation of synaptosomes with toxic metabolites at subtoxic concentrations produced no effects, their co-incubation (QUIN+GA, +3-OHGA, +MMA or +PA) decreased the mitochondrial function and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation. For all cases, this effect was partially prevented by KA and l-NAME, and completely avoided by SAC. These findings suggest that early damaging events elicited by organic acids involved in metabolic acidemias can be magnified by toxic synergism with QUIN, and this process is mostly mediated by oxidative stress, and in a lesser extent by excitotoxicity and nitrosative stress. Therefore, QUIN can be hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of brain degeneration in children with metabolic acidemias.
Assuntos
Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Encefalopatias Metabólicas/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Glutaratos/metabolismo , Glutaril-CoA Desidrogenase/deficiência , Ácido Quinolínico/metabolismo , Sinaptossomos/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glutaratos/toxicidade , Glutaril-CoA Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Ácido Metilmalônico/metabolismo , Ácido Metilmalônico/toxicidade , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Propionatos/metabolismo , Propionatos/toxicidade , Ácido Quinolínico/toxicidade , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in a considerable number of physiological processes in the Central Nervous System. Recently, a modulatory role of cannabinoid receptors (CBr) and CBr agonists on the reduction of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) activation has been demonstrated. Quinolinic acid (QUIN), an endogenous analog of glutamate and excitotoxic metabolite produced in the kynurenine pathway (KP), selectively activates NMDAr and has been shown to participate in different neurodegenerative disorders. Since the early pattern of toxicity exerted by this metabolite is relevant to explain the extent of damage that it can produce in the brain, in this work we investigated the effects of the synthetic CBr agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) and other agonists (anandamide or AEA, and CP 55,940 or CP) on early markers of QUIN-induced toxicity in rat striatal cultured cells and rat brain synaptosomes. WIN, AEA and CP exerted protective effects on the QUIN-induced loss of cell viability. WIN also preserved the immunofluorescent signals for neurons and CBr labeling that were decreased by QUIN. The QUIN-induced early mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were also partially or completely prevented by WIN pretreatment, but not when this CBr agonist was added simultaneously with QUIN to brain synaptosomes. These findings support a neuroprotective and modulatory role of cannabinoids in the early toxic events elicited by agents inducing excitotoxic processes.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides/farmacologia , Fármacos Atuantes sobre Aminoácidos Excitatórios/toxicidade , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Quinolínico/toxicidade , Animais , Ácidos Araquidônicos/farmacologia , Benzoxazinas/farmacologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Cicloexanóis/farmacologia , Endocanabinoides/farmacologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/fisiologia , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Naftalenos/farmacologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/fisiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Alcamidas Poli-Insaturadas/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Canabinoides/metabolismo , Sinaptossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Sinaptossomos/fisiologiaRESUMO
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour of the maxillary sinus. The present study describes 24 cases seen over a period of 10 years at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Socio-demographic, clinical, pathological, and follow-up data were retrieved from the medical files for the period 1997-2006. The mean age of the patients was 51.1 years. Twenty-one (87.5%) presented advanced tumours. The main signs and symptoms found were a tumour mass (87.5%), pain (50%), nasal obstruction (25%), and epistaxis (20.8%). Most cases (62.5%) were treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Follow-up data showed two patients (8.3%) with residual disease, local recurrences in four (16.7%) patients, and distant metastasis in five (20.8%). The overall 5- and 10-year survival rates were 72.61% and 62.11%, respectively. Maxillary sinus ACC has an aggressive but indolent behaviour, typically presenting at an advanced T stage that reflects a poor prognosis for patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/patologia , Seio Maxilar/patologia , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias dos Seios Paranasais/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/terapia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
AIM: To synthesize and characterize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals and assess their biological properties for applications in dentistry, particularly in endodontics, by means of intraosseous implants. METHODOLOGY: ZnO nanocrystals were synthesized and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction. Ten guinea pigs were divided into two groups representing experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks and received implants on both sides of the mandible in the region of the symphysis. The connective tissue response along the lateral wall outside the cup served as the negative control. The animals were euthanized at the end of each observation period and prepared for routine histological examinations which evaluated inflammatory response and material biocompatibility. RESULTS: ZnO nanocrystals were highly pure, crystalline, and averaged 21 nm in size. After 12 weeks, tissue analysis revealed the presence of a thin layer of connective tissue with some giant cells between the implanted material and underlying bone tissue. While signs of mild inflammation could be seen, bone resorption and remodeling were not apparent. CONCLUSION: ZnO nanocrystals were biocompatible, well tolerated and allowed new bone formation and bone remodelling.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Nanopartículas/química , Óxido de Zinco/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Análise Espectral RamanAssuntos
Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamento farmacológico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Alcinos , Benzoxazinas/uso terapêutico , Ciclopropanos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Humanos , Lamivudina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Organofosfonatos/uso terapêutico , TenofovirRESUMO
Data regarding the development of head and neck metastases are limited, with the majority of the studies focusing on single cases affecting mainly the oral cavity and surrounding tissues. This study describes the incidence of head and neck metastases from primary tumours originating elsewhere. The medical records of selected patients were reviewed, and socio-demographic data as well as information about the localization of the primary tumours and their metastases to this region, treatment modalities employed, follow-up, and outcomes were collected. A total of 24 cases were found. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.1±17.6 years and the male to female ratio was 1:1.4. Most primary tumours were located in the lung and breast. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 63.0%, 39.1%, and 19.6%, respectively. Radiotherapy for the metastatic focus significantly prolonged the survival time of the patients (P=0.048). Cervical lymph node metastases are a common event in patients with primary tumours growing elsewhere.
Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/epidemiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Incidência , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Salivary gland small cell carcinoma is a rare neoplasm, accounting for less than 1% of salivary gland tumours. Little is known about the epidemiologic factors and treatment of this lesion. The authors report two cases and perform a systematic literature search from 1960 to 2011 for articles on salivary gland small cell carcinoma. Once the papers were reviewed, a database was generated to analyse clinical and pathological features, treatments and outcomes, and an attempt was made to identify prognostic factors. Available data were retrieved for 44 cases which fully satisfied the inclusion criteria; the median age was 64.25 years and the male:female ratio was 2.4:1. The parotid gland was the most common site (79.6%). The overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 75.3%, 56.4% and 36.6%, respectively. According to the present review, patient age, tumour size, distant metastasis and cytokeratin-20 positive immunostaining were all significant prognostic factors in a univariate analysis. No particular treatment approach appeared to improve survival. This work reinforces knowledge about salivary gland small cell carcinoma's epidemiologic features, and identifies new prognostic markers. The optimal management of this lesion remains controversial.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Parotídeas/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Submandibular/patologia , Idoso , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/secundário , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Esvaziamento Cervical , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Radiografia Torácica , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
This study describes the epidemiology and clinical presentation of odontogenic tumours (OT) seen at a regional Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology service; to assess the quantitative impact of the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of these lesions; and to compare this series with others available in international databases. The study was carried out by retrospectively analysing 240 cases diagnosed from 1978 to 2009, followed by a comprehensive review of the literature. The patients' mean age was 29 years, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. Benign lesions comprised 97.9% of the cases (mostly keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOT), odontomas and ameloblastomas) with the remaining tumours depicting a prevalence of less than 5%. Adenomatoid OT were less frequent than in most previous studies, while malignant OT were strikingly numerous. Most OT in children and in the anterior maxilla were odontomas, while maxillary ameloblastomas were rare. Lack of swelling was more frequent in KCOT than in ameloblastomas. The present study confirms the relative impact of KCOT in the epidemiology of OT and identifies more similarities between the present series with reports from the United States and Europe than with African and Asian populations.
Assuntos
Tumores Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , População Negra , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tumores Odontogênicos/classificação , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , População Branca , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the Treatment Needs Index (TNI) for dental caries, the restorative Care Index (CI), and to introduce a Tooth Extractions Index (TEI) to estimate past and current treatment needs among Mexican adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 1538 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, to collect decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) data to describe TNI, CI and TEI indices. RESULTS: Higher TNI was identified in younger male teenagers who had always lived in the same community, without dental visits in the last year, and who had poorer socio-economic markers. Higher CI was found in older, female subjects who had moved in their lifetimes to a new community in the area, with dental visits in the last year and who had better socio-economic markers. Higher TEI was found in older, female teenagers who had moved in their lifetimes to a new community in the area, without dental visits in the last year, and who had worse socio-economic markers. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high rates of treatment needs for dental caries and little experience of restorative treatment. While dental extractions due to advanced caries should ideally be zero, relatively few adolescents had this treatment experience. Despite the fact that the overall background of these adolescents is rather homogeneous, it was still possible to find that treatment needs' indices (past and present needs) appeared to be modified by sociodemographic and socio-economic variables.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/terapia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação das Necessidades , Saúde Bucal , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Extração DentáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the rates of cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP) in Mexico between 2003 and 2009 and assess their association with variables at ecological level, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An ecological study was conducted with data from the 32 states of Mexico for incidence of CLP, obtained from the Ministry of Health. We included sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution information, obtained from governmental agencies. CLP incidence rates were used as dependent variable; independent variables were socioeconomic, demographic and pollution indicators. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman correlation and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: During the study period 10573 new cases presented (mean 1510.43 per year). The States with the highest rate (per 1000 births) were: in 2003 the Federal District (Mexico City) (1.76), in 2004 Jalisco (2.62), in 2005 Oaxaca (1.66), in 2006 the State of Mexico (1.29), in 2007, 2008 and 2009 Jalisco (2.17, 2.92, and 1.99). For all the years men were more likely affected than women (P<.05). Variables found positively correlated to LPH rates were total population, solid waste, life expectancy, urban solid waste. The variables negatively correlated were population percentages of high alcohol users, and of alcohol abuse or addiction. CONCLUSIONS: The State of Jalisco was one of the most affected locations over the years. Ecologic positive correlations existed between cleft lip and/or palate and sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and pollution factors. Incidence rate was negatively correlated with alcohol use and abuse. More detailed epidemiological studies are needed to fully characterize risk factors in Mexican populations.
Assuntos
Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Poluição Ambiental , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To determine the prevalence of edentulism in adults aged 18 years and older in Mexico and to describe its distribution in 20 of the 32 States in Mexico, highlighting the experience in the WHO age groups. A secondary analysis of the National Performance Evaluation Survey 2002-2003 (representative at the state level and part of the Word Health Survey) was undertaken. The sample design was probabilistic, stratified and through conglomerates. Data on dental conditions were available only for 20 of the 32 states of Mexico, leading to a total of 24 159 households (N = 54 638 654). The percentage of edentulism was determined as the proportion of subjects that self-reported complete loss of teeth. Data were analyzed using the SVY module for complex surveys in STATA 8.2. The mean age was 41.3 +/- 17.0 years (range 18-99). An estimated 6.3% (N = 3 437 816) of the population > or =18 years was edentulous. Lowest prevalences were observed in the states of Tlaxcala, Puebla and the Estado de Mexico with 3.4%, 3.8% and 4.5%, respectively. Highest prevalences were observed in San Luis Potosí, Colima, and Michoacán with 10.3%, 10.2% and 10.1%, respectively. Following the WHO age groups, the prevalence ranged from 2.4% in the 35-44 group through 25.5% in the 65-74 group. No obvious association between socio-economic and socio-demographic indicators at the state level and prevalence of edentulism was found. The prevalence of complete tooth loss observed in the present study varied greatly across states, although no straightforward association was found with socio-economic and socio-demographic indicators at the state level. This study could serve as a baseline to enable future evaluations of the oral status of Mexican adults and elders, following WHO age groups.