RESUMO
This study describes the method and principles of fetal echocardiography, analyzing the technics and the utility of bidimensional mode, M mode and Doppler ultrasound on congenital fetal cardiopathies. The importance of early diagnosis in the structural alterations and fetal cardiac arrhythmias is emphasized.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Arritmias Cardíacas/congênito , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/instrumentação , Ecocardiografia Doppler/instrumentação , Feminino , Coração Fetal/anormalidades , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Gravidez , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Normal fetal hearth biometry is analyzed by echocardiography in 80 pregnant women with 20 and 40 gestational weeks. Intraventricular septum, aorta, left and right ventricular dimensions were obtained. All dimensions showing progression with gestational age.
Assuntos
Ecocardiografia/métodos , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Biometria/métodos , Ecocardiografia/instrumentação , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Gravidez , Valores de Referência , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
We present 119 echocardiographies in 90 high-risk pregnancies, 20 to 40 weeks gestational age. There were found 18 fetuses with abnormal examinations (20%), six of them with structural alteration (6.6%), and 14 arrhythmias (15.5%). The diagnostic correlation in structural alterations with a sensibility of 83% and 100% specificity, and 100% of sensibility and specificity in arrhythmias. The importance of antenatal diagnosis in cardiac malformations and arrhythmias is described.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Adulto , Arritmias Cardíacas/congênito , Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Ecocardiografia/instrumentação , Ecocardiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/instrumentação , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Normal heart contraction was studied in 20 healthy subjects (14 males and 6 female, mean age 33 years). Rest radioventriculography and phase analysis were used. Ejection fraction was 66 +/- 7% for the LV and 53 +/- 7% for the RV (p < 0.0001). Peak filling rates in the first third of diastole were 1.6 +/- 0.6 EDV/sec for the LV and 0.7 +/- 0.3 EDV/sec for RV (p < 0.0001). Time to peak filling rate normalized for heart rate was 180 +/- 52 ms for the LV and 203 +/- 60 ms for the RV (p = 0.05). Filling fractions were 23 +/- 10% and 9 +/- 3%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Segmental motility was normal in all subjects. Phase analysis revealed faster emptying of the left atrium with phase angles of 171 +/- 13 degrees in the LA and 185 +/- 12 degrees in the RA (p = 0.00007). This difference may be related to faster diastolic events in the left ventricle. Phase angles for the LV and RV were -8.75 +/- 3 and -9.44 +/- 5 degrees, respectively (NS). We conclude that activation occurs earlier in the left atrium, proceeds through the septum and then synchronically over both ventricles.
Assuntos
Contração Miocárdica/fisiologia , Função Ventricular/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ventriculografia com Radionuclídeos/métodos , Volume Sistólico/fisiologiaRESUMO
We performed 2 dimensional echocardiograms to investigate the presence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 21 patients with Graves disease and active hyperthyroidism. 22 healthy subjects were used as a control group. The incidence of MVP was 24% (n = 5) in hyperthyroid patients compared to 5% (n = 1) in normals (NS by Fisher's exact test). Age, T3 and T4 levels were similar in hyperthyroid patients with and without MVP, but the clinical course was longer in the former. A study in a larger group of patients may help establish the increased incidence of MVP in hyperthyroidism.
Assuntos
Doença de Graves/complicações , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Prolapso da Valva Mitral/complicações , Adulto , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Probabilidade , Tiroxina/análise , Tri-Iodotironina/análiseRESUMO
We studied 34 patients with mitral stenosis by means of doppler echocardiography. Several patients had non significant associated valve lesions. The mitral valve area was measured by planimetry of the mitral orifice as recorded in the short axis view and also using the Hatle formula as applied to pulsed doppler recordings of transmitral flow velocity. The correlation between both measurements was excellent (r = 0.92). Direct measurements of mitral valve area obtained at the time of operation showed no significant differences from those estimated by echocardiography in 15 surgically treated patients.