RESUMO
Inga semialata (Vell.) C. Mart. belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is known for its therapeutic properties, highlighting its antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The objective of the present work was to obtain crude extract leaves of Inga semialata, to identify and quantify active compounds, to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the crude extract in vitro, as well as to determine its antimicrobial activity. The crude extract was obtained by the maceration process. The identified and quantified of compounds present in the crude extract of Inga semialata was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the extract was realized by in vitro tests (DPPH, diacetate dichlorofluorescein test and nitric oxide test) and the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was carried out using the minimum inhibitory concentration methodology.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Fabaceae/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/química , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a frequent cause of bacteremia, especially in neonates. The major virulence determinant in CoNS is the ability to produce biofilms, which is conferred by the icaADBC genes. This study aimed to assess different methods for the detection of biofilm formation in 176 CoNS isolates from blood cultures of newborns. METHODS: The presence of the icaACD genes was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and biofilm formation was assessed on congo red agar (CRA), by the tube method (TM), and on tissue culture plates (TCP). RESULTS: Of the 176 CoNS isolates, 30.1% expressed icaACD and 11.4% expressed icaAD. The CRA assay and TM showed that 42% and 38.6% of the isolates were biofilm producing, respectively. On TCP, 40.9% of the isolates produced biofilms; 21% were weakly adherent and 19.9% were strongly adherent. When compared to the gold standard technique (PCR), the CRAassay showed 79% sensitivity and 84% specificity (kappa = 0.64), TM showed 78% sensitivity and 89% specificity (kappa = 0.68), and TCP showed 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity (kappa = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, ~42% of CoNS isolates produced biofilms, and the presence of icaACD was associated with a greater capacity to form biofilms. Compared to the other phenotypic methodologies, TCP is an ideal procedure for routine laboratory use.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Vermelho Congo , Técnicas de Cultura , Genótipo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/genéticaRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a frequent cause of bacteremia, especially in neonates. The major virulence determinant in CoNS is the ability to produce biofilms, which is conferred by the icaADBC genes. This study aimed to assess different methods for the detection of biofilm formation in 176 CoNS isolates from blood cultures of newborns. METHODS: The presence of the icaACD genes was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and biofilm formation was assessed on congo red agar (CRA), by the tube method (TM), and on tissue culture plates (TCP). RESULTS: Of the 176 CoNS isolates, 30.1% expressed icaACD and 11.4% expressed icaAD. The CRA assay and TM showed that 42% and 38.6% of the isolates were biofilm producing, respectively. On TCP, 40.9% of the isolates produced biofilms; 21% were weakly adherent and 19.9% were strongly adherent. When compared to the gold standard technique (PCR), the CRAassay showed 79% sensitivity and 84% specificity (kappa = 0.64), TM showed 78% sensitivity and 89% specificity (kappa = 0.68), and TCP showed 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity (kappa = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, ~42% of CoNS isolates produced biofilms, and the presence of icaACD was associated with a greater capacity to form biofilms. Compared to the other phenotypic methodologies, TCP is an ideal procedure for routine laboratory use.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Vermelho Congo , Técnicas de Cultura , GenótipoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli is a health threat, limiting therapeutic options and increasing morbimortality rates. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 1805 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria between January 2015 and December 2016. RESULTS: Resistance to colistin (239.3%), meropenem (74.2%), ciprofloxacin (68%), gentamicin (35.1%), tigecycline (33.9%), imipenem (29.7%), ertapenem (26.8%), and amikacin (21.4%) was found increased. CONCLUSIONS: Infection control measures in the hospitals are necessary for reducing the spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and preventing efficacy loss of these drugs.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION The spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli is a health threat, limiting therapeutic options and increasing morbimortality rates. METHODS: This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 1805 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected from Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria between January 2015 and December 2016. RESULTS: Resistance to colistin (239.3%), meropenem (74.2%), ciprofloxacin (68%), gentamicin (35.1%), tigecycline (33.9%), imipenem (29.7%), ertapenem (26.8%), and amikacin (21.4%) was found increased. CONCLUSIONS: Infection control measures in the hospitals are necessary for reducing the spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms and preventing efficacy loss of these drugs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Brasil , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Colangiocarcinoma/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PlasmídeosAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Plasmídeos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Colangiocarcinoma/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Abstract The treatment of infections caused by resistant microorganisms represents a big challenge in healthcare due to limited treatment options. For this reason, the discovery of new active substances which are able to perform innovative and selective actions is of great impact nowadays. Statins and triazenes (TZC) have consolidated as a promising class of compounds, characterized by the expressive biological activity, especially antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro synergistic antibacterial effect of the association of statins and a new TZC complex {[1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-phenyltriazene N 3-oxide-κ 2 N 1,O 4](dimethylbenzylamine-κ 2 C 1,N 4)palladium(II)} (Pd(DMBA)LBr) against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains and clinical isolates. The complex and the statins showed bacterial activity of all tested strains and clinical isolates, evidencing that TZC complexion with metals can be promising. Simvastatin showed synergy when associated to the complex (FICI≤0.5), being the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 µg mL-1 found in 6 samples. Thus, it is possible to infer that the association between Pd(DMBA)LBr and simvastatin consists of an alternative to increase the pontential of these compounds, since statins have low toxicity.
Assuntos
Triazenos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/efeitos adversos , Sinvastatina , Composição de MedicamentosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The rapid global spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a threat to the health system. METHODS: We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 70 CRE isolated in a tertiary hospital in Brazil between August and December 2015, and determined their resistance mechanisms. RESULTS: The most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (95.7%); it showed high-level resistance to carbapenems (>98%), with sensitivity to colistin (91.4%) and amikacin (98.6%). The bla KPC gene was detected in 80% of the CRE isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of bacterial resistance contributes to an appropriate treatment, and the reduction of morbimortality and dissemination of resistance.
Assuntos
Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citrobacter freundii/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Enterobacter cloacae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The rapid global spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a threat to the health system. METHODS: We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 70 CRE isolated in a tertiary hospital in Brazil between August and December 2015, and determined their resistance mechanisms. RESULTS: The most prevalent microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (95.7%); it showed high-level resistance to carbapenems (>98%), with sensitivity to colistin (91.4%) and amikacin (98.6%). The bla KPC gene was detected in 80% of the CRE isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of bacterial resistance contributes to an appropriate treatment, and the reduction of morbimortality and dissemination of resistance.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Enterobacteriáceas Resistentes a Carbapenêmicos/isolamento & purificação , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Enterobacter cloacae/isolamento & purificação , Citrobacter freundii/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Genótipo , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION:: In this study, we used phenotypic methods to screen carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs) and evaluated their antimicrobial sensitivity profile. METHODS:: One hundred and seventy-eight CREs were isolated at a university hospital in south Brazil in a one-year period. Samples were assessed using disk diffusion tests with inhibitors of ß-lactamases such as phenylboronic acid (AFB), cloxacillin (CLOXA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Strains with differences in zone diameters ≥ 5mm for disks supplemented or not were considered producers of carbapenemases. RESULTS:: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent CRE, which appeared in 80.3% cases (n = 143). Among clinical materials, the rectal swab was responsible for 43.4% of the isolations (n = 62), followed by urine (18.9%; n = 27). Among the CREs identified in this study, the growth of 56.7% (n = 101) isolates, which were putative producers of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), were inhibited by AFB, whereas 7.3% (n = 13) isolates were inhibited by both AFB and CLOXA and were considered as putative producers of plasmid-mediated AmpC; approximately 3.4% (n = 6) were inhibited by EDTA, which possibly produced metallo-ß-lactamase. Lastly, 32.6% (n = 58) cases showed negative results for AFB, CLOXA, and EDTA sensitivity, and represented another class of ß-lactamases and/or mechanism of resistance. CONCLUSIONS:: Phenotypic screening of CREs is important for clinical laboratories that monitor outbreaks of resistant microbes. Phenotypic tests that use carbapenemase inhibitors and enhancers such as AFB, CLOXA, and EDTA are necessary since they are good screening methods for the detection of carbapenemases.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/classificação , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , FenótipoRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: In this study, we used phenotypic methods to screen carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CREs) and evaluated their antimicrobial sensitivity profile. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight CREs were isolated at a university hospital in south Brazil in a one-year period. Samples were assessed using disk diffusion tests with inhibitors of β-lactamases such as phenylboronic acid (AFB), cloxacillin (CLOXA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Strains with differences in zone diameters ≥ 5mm for disks supplemented or not were considered producers of carbapenemases. RESULTS: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most prevalent CRE, which appeared in 80.3% cases (n = 143). Among clinical materials, the rectal swab was responsible for 43.4% of the isolations (n = 62), followed by urine (18.9%; n = 27). Among the CREs identified in this study, the growth of 56.7% (n = 101) isolates, which were putative producers of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), were inhibited by AFB, whereas 7.3% (n = 13) isolates were inhibited by both AFB and CLOXA and were considered as putative producers of plasmid-mediated AmpC; approximately 3.4% (n = 6) were inhibited by EDTA, which possibly produced metallo-β-lactamase. Lastly, 32.6% (n = 58) cases showed negative results for AFB, CLOXA, and EDTA sensitivity, and represented another class of β-lactamases and/or mechanism of resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic screening of CREs is important for clinical laboratories that monitor outbreaks of resistant microbes. Phenotypic tests that use carbapenemase inhibitors and enhancers such as AFB, CLOXA, and EDTA are necessary since they are good screening methods for the detection of carbapenemases.