RESUMO
En el mundo se reportan más de 600 millones de personas que experimentan tinnitus. Aproximadamente 20% de las personas con tinnitus subjetivo permanente presentan incomodidad significativa, interviniendo negativamente en su calidad de vida, con inducción de estados depresivos. Existen diferentes estrategias de intervención para el manejo del tinnitus, entre ellas la estimulación acústica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la estimulación acústica pasiva en la severidad del tinnitus y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con tinnitus subjetivo crónico mediante la Escala Visual Análoga(VAS)y el Inventario de Discapacidad del Tinnitus(THI). Estudio descriptivo de cohorte histórico que incluyó a pacientes >18 años con tinnitus subjetivo crónico que recibieron manejo con estimulación acústica pasiva entre 2017-2018. A los pacientes se les aplicó la VAS y el THI antes, durante y después del tratamiento. Se evidenciaron cambios significativos (p<0,05) entre las medianas en dos de los tres dominios del VAS y en todos los dominios pre y post tratamiento del THI. En las pruebas post hoc se encontraron diferencias (p<0.05) entre las medianas de los puntajes al inicio y a los tres meses y entre los puntajes al inicio y a los seis meses en todos los dominios y en el puntaje total de la escala THI. La estimulación acústica pasiva generó cambios en la discapacidad generada por el tinnitus. Se sugiere complementar los abordajes de tratamiento con estrategias que favorezcan también los mecanismos de memoria, atención y conciencia para aumentar la efectividad de las intervenciones
More than 600 million people worldwide are reported to experience tinnitus. Approximately 20% of people with permanent subjective tinnitus present significant discomfort, interfering negatively in their quality of life, inducing depressive states. There are different intervention strategies for the management of tinnitus, including acoustic stimulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of passive acoustic stimulation on tinnitus severity and quality of life in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Tinnitus Disability Inventory (THI). Descriptive historical cohort study including patients >18 years with chronic subjective tinnitus who received management with passive acoustic stimulation between 2017-2018. Patients were administered VAS and THI before, during and after treatment. Significant changes (p<0.05) between medians were evident in two of the three VAS domains and in all pre and post-treatment domains of THI. In post hoc tests, differences (p<0.05) were found between the medians of scores at baseline and at three months and between scores at baseline and at six months in all of the domains and in the total THI scale score. Passive acoustic stimulation generated changes in tinnitus-generated disability. It is suggested to complement treatment approaches with strategies that also favor memory, attention and awareness mechanisms to increase the effectiveness of the inter ventions
Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Zumbido , Estimulação Acústica , Pacientes , Atenção , Terapêutica , Assistência ao Convalescente , Equipamentos e Provisões , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas es un problema de salud pública con alta prevalencia en los adolescentes, situación que influye en el desarrollo individual y social en la adultez. Objetivo: Determinar los factores psicosociales relacionados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes escolarizados de básica secundaria y educación media de una Institución Educativa pública del área urbana de Pereira. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional con 235 estudiantes de un colegio público, entre 10 y 19 años de edad, quienes completaron una encuesta anónima que indagaba la prevalencia y los factores psicosociales asociados al consumo. Resultados: Se encontró que la adecuada supervisión de los padres es un factor protector frente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (p<0,05) (OR<1), los escolares tienen 6,5 veces más posibilidades de consumir cuando se relacionan con amigos que consumen [OR=6,555 IC95% (3,147-13,653)], los que tienen familiares que consumen, tienen 2,2 veces más posibilidades de consumir estas sustancias [OR=2,231 IC95% (1,292-3,852) ]. Conclusiones: El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas muestra una elevada prevalencia en los escolares encuestados y los principales factores relacionados son cursar grados superiores y tener familiares o amigos que consumen sustancias psicoactivas.
Abstract Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is a public health problem with a high prevalence in adolescents, which also affects the individual and social development of adults. Objective: To determine the psychosocial factors related to the use of psychoactive substances in children and adolescents of a public school from Pereira (Colombia). Materials and methods: A descriptive correlational study was conducted on 235 students of a public school, aged between 10 and 19 years, who completed an anonymous survey to examine the prevalence and psychosocial factors associated with the use of psychoactive substances. Results: Adequate parental supervision is a protective factor against psychoactive drug use (p<0.05) (OR<1). Schoolchildren are 6.5 times more likely to engage in drug use when they interact with psychoactive-drug user friends [OR=6.555 95%CI (3.147-13.653)]. Those with family members who engage in this drug use have a 2.2 times higher possibility to use psychoactive substances [OR=2.231 95%CI (1.292-3.852)]. Conclusions: The use of psychoactive substances shows a high prevalence in the participating schoolchildren and is mainly related to factors such as being in higher grades in their school and having either a family member or a friend who uses psychoactive substances.
Assuntos
Drogas Ilícitas , Condições Sociais , Estudantes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The genus Paracoccidioides consist of dimorphic fungi geographically limited to the subtropical regions of Latin America, which are responsible for causing deep systemic mycosis in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Paracoccidioides spp. causes the disease remain poorly understood. Paracoccidioides spp. harbor genes that encode proteins involved in host cell interaction and mitochondrial function, which together are required for pathogenicity and mediate virulence. Previously, we identified TufM (previously known as EF-Tu) in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (PbTufM) and suggested that it may be involved in the pathogenicity of this fungus. In this study, we examined the effects of downregulating PbTUFM using a silenced strain with a 55% reduction in PbTUFM expression obtained by antisense-RNA (aRNA) technology. Silencing PbTUFM yielded phenotypic differences, such as altered translation elongation, respiratory defects, increased sensitivity of yeast cells to reactive oxygen stress, survival after macrophage phagocytosis, and reduced interaction with pneumocytes. These results were associated with reduced virulence in Galleria mellonella and murine infection models, emphasizing the importance of PbTufM in the full virulence of P. brasiliensis and its potential as a target for antifungal agents against paracoccidioidomycosis.
Assuntos
Comunicação Celular , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Paracoccidioides/patogenicidade , Paracoccidioidomicose/microbiologia , Fator Tu de Elongação de Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fatores de Virulência/metabolismo , Virulência , Animais , Regulação para Baixo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Paracoccidioides/metabolismo , Paracoccidioidomicose/metabolismo , FagocitoseRESUMO
The interaction between the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. One molecule implicated in the P. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 protein. The 14-3-3 protein belongs to a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions. Here, we investigated the relevance of the 14-3-3 protein to the virulence of P. brasiliensis. Using antisense RNA technology and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, we generated a 14-3-3-silenced strain (expression reduced by Ë55%). This strain allowed us to investigate the interaction between 14-3-3 and the host and to correlate the functions of P. brasiliensis 14-3-3 with cellular features, such as morphological characteristics and virulence, that are important for pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Proteínas 14-3-3/genética , Proteínas 14-3-3/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Paracoccidioides/genética , Paracoccidioides/patogenicidade , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Animais , Adesão Celular , Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Larva/microbiologia , Mariposas/microbiologia , Paracoccidioides/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paracoccidioides/ultraestrutura , RNA Antissenso/genética , Transformação Genética , Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is held as the 21(st) Century epidemics. Multidisciplinary medical management has been insufficient and surgical techniques are more frequently used. Gastric bypass is considered the gold standard in bariatric surgery; however, some patients report low rates of weight loss, which leads to thinking about other conditioning factors. OBJECTIVE: To establish the factors associated to weight loss in a cohort of obese patients submitted to gastric bypass. METHODS: Analytical retrospective study. The study variable was weight loss, expressed as the percentage of excess body mass index lost (%EBMIL). A linear regression model of mixed effects was performed as well as a COX model of proportional risks. RESULTS: 166 patients aged 19-69 years, most of them women (74.7%), were studied. The average baseline body mass index (BMI) was 46.9 ± 6.8 kg/m(2) and 46.3 ± 7.7 kg/m(2) for males and females, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that for each 10.0 kg/m(2) in excess at the time of surgery, the PBMIEL decreased by 9.8% and that inadequate daily caloric intake decreased the PBMIEL by 4.0%. For each 10.0 kg/m(2) of baseline BMI, there was a 57.8% decrease in the likelihood of achieving a 50% weight loss. CONCLUSIONS: The patients with lower weight excess according to their BMI have a better response to bariatric surgery in terms of PBMIEL.
Introducción: La obesidad es catalogada como la epidemia del siglo XXI. El tratamiento médico multidisciplinario no ha sido suficiente y las técnicas quirúrgicas son empleadas con mayor frecuencia. El bypass gástrico es considerado el gold standard de la cirugía bariátrica, sin embargo, algunos pacientes reportan bajas tasas de pérdida de peso, lo que hace pensar en otros factores condicionantes. Objetivo: Establecer los factores asociados con la pérdida de peso, en una cohorte de pacientes obesos sometidos a bypass gástrico. Métodos: Estudio analítico retrospectivo. La variable respuesta fue la pérdida de peso, expresada en porcentaje del exceso de índice de masa corporal perdido (PEIMCP). Se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal de efectos mixtos y un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de COX. Resultados: Se estudiaron 166 pacientes entre 19 y 69 años, la mayoría mujeres (74,7%). Los hombres presentaron un índice de masa corporal (IMC) inicial promedio de 46,9 ± 6,8 kg/m2 y las mujeres de 46,3 ± 7,7 kg/m2. El análisis multivariado mostró que por cada 10,0 kg/m2 de mas al momento de la cirugía, disminuyó el PEIMCP en un 9,8% y un inadecuado consumo calórico diario disminuyó en un 4,0% el PEIMCP. Por cada 10,0 kg/m2 de IMC inicial, hubo una disminución del 57,8% en la probabilidad de lograr una pérdida de peso del 50%. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con menor exceso de peso según su índice IMC responden mejor a la cirugía bariátrica en términos del PEIMCP.
Assuntos
Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade/cirurgia , Redução de Peso , Adulto , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Los fitoquímicos y algunos componentes bioactivos despiertan especial interés en la comunidad científica, por ser sustancias con efectos benéficos en la salud, evidenciado por estudios que involucran efectos, acciones y prevención de riesgo en ciertas enfermedades. Las razones de interés de los consumidores por estas sustancias radica en obtener bienestar por medio de la dieta, por ello demandan información sobre los efectos de estas sustancias y de los alimentos funcionales. Este artículo de revisión proporciona un marco de las investigaciones que evalúan la relación entre la dieta y la salud, en especial de los componentes biológicos que aportan la connotación de funcionales a los alimentos. Aunque no se consideran nutrientes esenciales algunos de esos componentes, proporcionan una importante protección para la salud junto a una adecuada nutrición. Cada compuesto revisado en este documento, muestra la relación con la salud y posibles efectos en el tratamiento de enfermedades.
Phytochemical substances are bioactive compounds that have special interest for scientist because of the health-promoting properties that have been demonstrated in scientific studies. Some consumers are interested to eat these products to be healthier; therefore they are requiring information about of the nutritional properties in functional foods which could be placed in the product advertising label.This review focuses on researches about bioactive compounds and the relevance of functional foods for nutrition and health, bringing an overview of what is published about bioactive compounds and the relationship between diet and health. Although these compounds are not considered essential nutrients, this article discusses the biological activity of those compounds, in particular their properties and the resulting health benefits.