RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and body composition is important in the disease control. The nutritional intervention has relevance in the improvement of glycemia and lipemia in diabetic patients. AIM: Evaluate the influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 19 patients were evaluated by anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical variables, after 8 hours of fasting. Dietary assessment was performed using the dietary records for 3 days, analyzed for nutritional software DietPró 5i. The groups were formed according to the usual intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (G1<10% of total energy expenditure (TEE) of SFA and G2≥10% of TEE of SFA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 16.0, considering p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no difference in anthropometric and biochemical variables between groups, but G1 presented higher fat mass (FM) and G2 high SFA and adequate mounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake. The lipemia and glycemia were not affected by high SFA intake, but adequate MUFA intake may have influenced the results of these variables. No found relation between type of fat ingested and biochemistry variables. CONCLUSION: Body composition can be influenced by type of fat ingested. Lipemia and glycemia were not influenced by high SFA intake, perhaps due to MUFA intake adequate.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Composição Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Antropometria , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , HDL-Colesterol/análise , VLDL-Colesterol/análise , Estudos Transversais , Dieta , Ingestão de Energia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados/farmacologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Triglicerídeos/análise , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) is an adipogenic transcription factor that influences in insulin resistance (IR) in the presence of agonists such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the influence of dietary fat in glicidic metabolism in morbidly obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the gene PPARgamma2. METHODS: Were selected 25 women with genotype Pro12Pro. The fat intake was estimated by food records, being used for the division of groups, GA (until 30% of the total energy expenditure (TEE)) and GB (greater than 30% of the TEE). Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were conducted in fasting, following the test meal high in n-6 PUFA and postprandial biochemical evaluations. IR and insulin sensitivity (IS) were assessed by HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment) and QUICKI (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: GA presented normal HOMAIR and QUICKI. GB presented higher body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) intake higher, compared with GA (p < 0.05). In GA, the MUFA intake was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and insulin, and positively with QUICKI. The fat and SFA intake contributed to the increase in body mass and IR. However, MUFA intake may have reduced the impact of high fat diet in glicidic metabolism. It is suggested that obese women with Pro12Pro genotype in the PPARgamma2 gene avoid high fat and SFA diets, prioritizing MUFA for controlling obesity and improving the IS.
Assuntos
Glicemia/genética , Glicemia/metabolismo , Gorduras na Dieta , Resistência à Insulina/genética , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , PPAR gama/genética , Adulto , Feminino , Genótipo , HumanosRESUMO
Currently, carb counting is a nutritional strategy that has allowed a greater adherence and dietary management of patients with diabetes mellitus, because it allows the consumption of a greater variety of foods. However, also requires greater adherence by the patient to maintain an adequate blood glucose monitoring and the ability to determine the amount of carbohydrates in the meals. Since diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, a more flexible and varied diet will allow better monitoring, taking into account their glycemic control in long-term. The objective of this study was to examine the applicability of this method to a less restrictive diet and nutritionally adequate for the patient with diabetes mellitus, as well an individual dietary adjustment that is needed to better glycemic control, identifying nutritional advantages and disadvantages of the method.